LANDSCAPE SHOTS TAPE 1 AND 2
V/O: WE BEGIN THIS REPORT WITH A SHORT QUIZ.
NAME THE FOLLOWING AFRICAN COUNTRY.
IT WAS NEVER REALLY COLONISED BY EUROPEANS.
LALIBELA CHURCH MUSIC AND VISUALS T10TC5033
ONE OF THE MOST POPULOUS ON THE CONTINENT ITS A PLACE OF EXTRAORDINARY HISTORY AND DIVERSITY.
IT HAS A BIG AREA OF FERTILE FARMING LAND AND MORE CATTLE THAN ANY OTHER COUNTRY IN AFRICA.
BOY CRACKING WHIP WITH CATTLE T1TC4906
AND ITS NAME IS A BYWORD FOR FAMINE.
VO
VO: IF YOU ANSWERED ETHIOPIA, THEN TAKE A BOW.
THIS IS WHAT A BIG CHUNK OF ETHIOPIA LOOKS LIKE NOT BAD RAINFALL, REASONABLY FERTILE SOILS, NOT BAD FARMING COUNTRY. YET AFTER HUNDREDS OF MILLIONS OF DOLLARS IN FOREIGN AID IN RECENT YEARS AND THE LATEST GOVERNMENT SCHEME WHICH WAS MEANT TO END HUNGER, MILLIONS OF ETHIOPIANS STILL FACE THE YEARLY RISK OF STARVATION. WHY? THATS THE QUESTION WERE GOING TO TRY TO ANSWER.
MUSIC AND DANCE ETC T4TC0520
CLIP AZMARI PERFORMER ADANE TEKA T4TC2245-2331
V/o: A LOT OF ETHIOPIANS WISH THEIR COUNTRY WAS KNOWN FOR SOMETHING OTHER THAN DISASTER.
CLIP AZMARI PERFORMER: T4TC2314 -2331 MY DREAM IS TO TRAVEL TO DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE WORLD TO SHOW OUR CULTURE. I LOVE MY COUNTRY MORE THAN I LOVE MY MOTHER AND FATHER.
ETHIOPIA SHOULD BE FAMOUS FOR AZMARI A MUSICAL TRADITION COMBINING VERSE, SONG AND HUMOUR.
ITS HUGELY POPULAR AND ADANE TEKA IS ONE OF THE BEST IN THE BUSINESS.
AZMERI PERFORMER ADANE TEKA T4TC1542-1604
CLIP AZMERI PERFORMER:T4TC 1542-1604 I WOULDNT SAY ITS EASY TO MAKE PEOPLE LAUGH HERE BECAUSE LIFE IS VERY DIFFICULT. PEOPLE DONT EARN MUCH MONEY SO ITS NOT EASY TO MAKE THEM LAUGH BUT I SEEM TO MANAGE.
PEOPLE ENJOYING PERFORMANCE ETC T4TC VARIOUS
V/O: THE PROBLEM IS THAT MANY ETHIOPIANS SIMPLY CANT MANAGE WITHOUT REGULAR FOREIGN AID MILLIONS WOULD STARVE.
CLIP OF PRIME MINISTER MELES ZENAWI
REVERSE QUESTION AVAILABLE AT T3TC4829
PM MELES ZENAWI T3TC1540
CLIP PM MELES ZENAWAI T3TC3416 ALL ETHIOPIANS DO NOT LIKE TO BEG. ALL ETHIOPIANS FEEL ASHAMED THAT THEY HAVE TO DEPEND ON FOREIGN AID FOR THEIR DAILY BREAD AND THEY ARE EAGER TO OVERCOME THAT SENSE OF HUMILIATION.
Q: AS AN ETHIOPIAN, HOW DOES THAT MAKE YOU FEEL TO BE SO DEPENDENT ON FOREIGN AID?
A: IT MAKES ME FEEL BAD, ASHAMED. ITS NOT SOMETHING THAT ANYBODY WANTS TO BE IN.
PEOPLE IN LINE T6TC4029
V/O: YET THAT IS PRECISELY THE POSITION ETHIOPIANS FOUND THEMSELVES IN, AGAIN, THIS YEAR
LITTLE BOY TRYING TO CARRY SACK T6TC2330
CLIP JOHN GRAHAM SAVE THE CHILDREN UK
MORE OF PEOPLE GETTING FOOD AID T6TC1040 - 4311
ETHIOPIA IS NOT JUST POOR, ITS CROWDED.
THERE ARE NEARLY 70 MILLION PEOPLE HERE AND AROUND 20 PERCENT OF THEM ARE LINING-UP FOR FOOD AID THIS YEAR.
CLIP JOHN GRAHAM (ENG) T14TC0054 THIS HAS BEEN THE BIGGEST CRISIS SINCE THE FAMINE OF 84-85 AND THE DIFFERENCE IS THAT THE RESORUCES CAME THROUGH EARLY ENOUGH AND IN SUFFICIENT QUANTITY SO THAT WE DIDNT HAVE MASS STARVATION LIKE WE DID IN 84-85.
V/O; BUT FOR HOW MUCH LONGER WILL THE WORLD BE WILLING TO FEED ETHIOPIA?
CLIP DR BEREHANU NEGA
CLIP BEREHANU NEGA T12TC2521 THIS YEAR WE HAVE THIS DROUGHT WE HAVE 14 MILLION PEOPLE AFFECTED, I MEAN IF YOU TAKE THIS TREND, BY 20-25 20-28 YOU WILL HAVE 50 MILLION PEOPLE STARVING AND I DONT THINK THERE IS GOIONG TO BE ANY FOREIGN AID TO HELP THESE PEOPLE AT THAT TIME.
LANDSAPE T6TC4400
THE BORICHA DISTRICT IN THE COUNTRYS SOUTH USED TO BE ABLE TO FEED ITSELF.
WHILE IT LOOKS LUSH, A SUCCESSION OF BAD HARVESTS HAS LEFT ONE IN FIVE PEOPLE THIS YEAR ON THE BRINK OF STARVATION.
DOCTOR MESFIN HAILEMARIAM FROM AID FEEDING CENTRE
CLIP DOCTOR CLIP (ENG) T4TYOU CAN SEE THAT HE IS WASTED AND ON TOP OF THAT I CAN FEEL THAT HIS BONES ARE NOT THAT STRONG, RIGHT INSIDE HERE WHICH SHOWS THAT HE HAS A DEFICIENCY OF VITAMINS OR FEW VERY IMPORTANT MINERALS.
CUTAWAYS TO OTHERS IN TENT, MOSTLY MOTHERS WITH CHIDLREN T4
V/O: THIS YEAR DEATHS FROM MALNUTRITION WILL PROBABLY NUMBER IN THE TENS OF THOUSANDS A SHOCKING FIGURE BY ANY STANDARD BUT IN ETHIOPIA THIS COUNTS AS DISASTER AVOIDED.
MILLIONS WILL GO HUNGRY BUT MOST WILL LIVE.
DOCTOR MESFIN HAILEMARIAM FROM FEEDING CENTRE
CLIP DOCTOR (ENG) T4TC4031 Q:IS THERE A CHANCE THIS CHILD WILL RECOVER?
A: YES, MOST DO.
Q: EVEN IN THIS STATE?
A: EVEN IN THIS STATE. SOME MAY DIE. ITS THE WILL OF THE LORD. WE DONT KNOW WHICH ONES WILL SURVIVE. THAT WE TRY VERY HARD FOR THESE CHILDREN TO HAVE A BETTER LIFE.
EXTERIORS OF CENTRE T4 5225 &T5 1354
V/O: FOREIGN AID AGENCIES COME IN WITH THEIR EMERGENCY FEEDING CENTRES THEIR FOOD SUPPLIES ALL OF IT VITAL BUT INCREASINGLY ETHIOPIANS ARE ASKING WHY THEY CANT BREAK THIS CYCLE.
DOCTOR MESFIN HAILEMARIAM FROM AID FEEDING CENTRE
CLIP DOCTOR (ENG) T5TC0915 WE HAVE LIVED WITH DROUGHT FOR CENTURIES. ITS NOT A NEW EXPERIENCE FOR ETHIOPIANS BUT WE ETHIOPIANS HAVE NEVER REALLY LEARNED FROM OUR PAST DROUGHT, FROM OUR PAST CRISIS. EVEN IF WE DID WE ARE NOT IN A POSITION TO PREVENT THE NEXT ONE.
T5TC5108 MAN WALKS THRU GATE AND PAST MAIZE
V/O: GALFATO FUNISSA SAYS HES SOMEWHERE BETWEEN 55 AND 60 YEARS OLD HE DOESNT QUITE KNOW.
FARMER WALKS THRU GARDEN
IN A COUNTRY WHERE AVERAGE MALE LIFE EXPECTANCY REMAINS STUCK IN THE FORTIES, THAT MAKES HIM A SUCCESSFUL FARMER BUT EVEN HES STRUGGLING NOW.
CLIP GALFATO FUNISSA T5TC3201-3224 (HTOUGHT TRACK?)
CLIP FARMER T5TC3803-3810 WE HAVE NOTHING TO EAT, REALLY, WERE EATING MAIZE STALKS WHICH USUALLY GO TO THE CATTLE.
FARMER WEEDING PLANTS T5TC5217
SITTING IN GROUP WITH COW IN THE FOREGROUND T5TC4000 -END
V/O: THIS IS TOBACCO GIVEN TO HIM FOR FREE BY THE GOVERNMENT PERHAPS ITLL BRING IN A LITTLE CASH.
HES HAD TO SELL ALL BUT ONE OF HIS COWS.
CLIP OF FARMER GALFATO FUNISSA
CLIP FARMER T5TC2400-2450ITS BEEN SERIOUS FOR 4 YEARS. IVE TRIED EVERYTHING. IVE PLOUGHED AND WORKED THE LAND BUT ALL IN VAIN. I USED TO PLANT A LOT OF GRAIN BUT NOTHINGS WORKED BECAUSE THE RAINFALLS BEEN SO ERRATIC.
MORE STUFF OF FAMER AND HIS VILLAGE
VILLAGE SHOTS AGAIN
V/O: WITH ONLY HALF A HECTARE OF LAND AND 14 CHILDREN GALFATO IS NEVER ABLE TO BUILD-UP A RESERVE THE LINE BETWEEN SUCCES AND CATSTROPHE IS VERY FINE.
BECAUSE LAND IS STATE-OWNED MOST FARMERS CANT BUILD DECENT-SIZED HOLDINGS, LET ALONE BORROW MONEY TO IMPROVE THEIR FARMS.
SETUP SHOTS WITH CC T3TC3707
V/O: ETHIOPIAS PRIME MINISTER DOESNT THINK THATS THE MAIN PROBLEM.
HE BELIEVES THAT IF FARMERS LIKE GALFATO COULD JUST GROW A LITTLE BIT MORE THEN EVENTUALLY THW WHOLE ECONOMY WILL IMPROVE..
CLIP PM MELES ZENAWAI
CLIP PM MELES ZENAWI (ENG) T3TC 0738) OUR HOPE BASED ON PREVIOUS EXPEREINCE IN OTHER COUNTRIES IS THAT AS AGRICULTURE IMPROVES IT CREATES SPACE FOR PRIVATE SECTOR DEVELOPMENT IN SMALL AND MICRO ENTERPRISE AND TRADE AND SO ON AND THEREFORE WOULD REDUCE THE PRESSURE ON LAND.
MAN PLOUGHING FIELD T9TC2256 -3514
V/O: SO THE GOVERNMENTS STRATEGY IS AGRICULUTRE FIRST, SECOND AND THIRD.
ITS WHERE NEARLY ALL THE EFFORT GOES.
PTC CUT IN INTERNATIONAL VERSION
PTC: THE GOVERNMENTS LATEST BIG IDEA TO END THE COUNTRYS CHRONIC FOOD SHORTAGE WAS TO DRAMTICALLY INCREASE GRAIN PRODUCTION, SO THEY ALLOWED A PRIVATE MARKET AND MADE FERTILISER WIDELY AVAILABLE. SURE ENOUGH, GRAIN PRODUCTION DID GO UP, SPECTACULARLY BUT PRICES FELL JUST AS QUICKLY. THE NEXT YEAR FARMERS DIDNT PLANT AS MUCH BECAUSE IT WASNT WORTH THEIR WHILE, THEN THERE WAS A DROUGHT AND BEFORE LONG ETHIOPIA HAD THE BEGGING BOWL OUT AGAIN.
SETUPS WITH PM MELES T3
V/O: THE PRIME MINISTER CONCEDES THEREVE BEEN MISTAKES BUT INSISTS AGRICULTURE IS THE WAY FORWARD.
CLIP PM MELES ZENAWI
CLIP PM MELES ZENAWAI (ENG) T3TC0405 WE NEED TO DO MORE TO IMPROVE THE EFFICIENCY OF RURAL MARKETING. WE NEED TO DO MORE TO IMPROVE THE PRODUCTIVITY IN DROUGHT AFFECTED AREAS, THE AREAS THAT ARE AFFECTED BY LAND DEGRADATION. OTHERWISE I THINK THE BASIC STRATEGY IS SOUND.
C/U COFFEE GOING INTO CUPS T13 FROM TC3533-END
COFFEE GOING ONTO PLATES
CUSTOMERS ETC
CLIP DR BEREHANU NEGA IN COFFEE HOUSE T13
2-SHOT IN COFFEE SHOP
SET UP SHOTS
CLIP DR BEREHANU NEGA
V/O: OTHERS ARGUE THAT RELYING ON AGRICULTURE IS PART OF THE PROBLEM, NOT THE SOLUTION.
COFFEE IS ONE OF THE FEW THINGS ETHIOPIA HAS WHICH THE WORLD WANTS.
SIXTY PERCENT OF THE COUNTRYS EXPORT INCOME IS FROM COFFEE.
BUT THE WORLD PRICE FOR COFFEE HAS BEEN FALLING FOR YEARS.
CLIP DR BEREHANU NEGA (ENG) T13TC2331 THE LESSON FOR ETHIOPIA IS THAT YOU CANNOT CONTINUE TO DEPEND ON ONE COMMODITY FOR YOUR EXPORTS AND HOPE TO DEVELOP YOUR ECONOMY. THERE MUST BE A PROCESS OF DEVELOPMENT TAKING PLACE IF THIS COUNTRY IS TO DEVELOP AT ALL.
V/O: BEREHANU NEGA IS AN ECONOMIST .
AND HE THINKS THE GOVERNMENT IS WRONG TO RELY ON AGRICULTURE TO PULL ETHIOPIA OUT OF POVERTY.
CLIP DR BEREHANU NEGA (ENG) T13TC2441 THE STARTING POINT IS TO RECOGNIZE THE CRUCIAL NATURE OF THE NEED FOR DIVERSIFICATION AND TO START THINKING ABOUT HOW WE GO ABOUT IT.
FARMER WEEDING HIS CROPS T5TC5217
CLIP FARMER GALFATO FUNISSA
SET-UP SHOTS SHOWING GROUP WITH COW IN FOREGROUND T5TC4000
CLIP FARMER GALFATO FUNISSA
V/O: GALFATO FUNISSA USED TO GROW COFFEE.
BUT HE STOPPED BECAUSE HE COULDNT MAKE MONEY OUT OF IT ANYMORE.
CLIP FARMER T5TC3201-3224 I USED TO FARM COFFEE, THEN I CHANGED TO CHAT, THEN I TRIED AGAIN TO GROW MAIZE BUT NONE OF THESE ARE WORKING NOW.
V/O: THROUGH NO FAULT OF HIS OWN GALFATO IS GOING BACKWARDS.
CLIP FARMER T5TC2712-2758 I USED TO HAVE ENOUGH MONEY TO SEND MY CHILDREN TO SCHOOL. NOW WEVE REACHED THE STAGE WHERE WE HAVE TO SELL ASSETS, LIKE OUR CATTLE AND OTHER THINGS. THATS HOW WE COPE.
CLIP JOHN GRAHAM, SAVE THE CHILDREN UK
CLIP JOHN GRAHAM (ENG) T14TC1753 PEOPLE HAVE BECOME MORE DESTITUTE OVER THE LAST 10 YEARS THAN LESS AND I THINK THAT WENT AGAINST WHATS BEEN SAID BY THE WORLD BANK AND OTHER INSITUTIONS WHO SAID, OH EVERYTHINGS GETTING BETTER IN ETHIOPIA, WE DONT HAVE TO WORRY SO MUCH. WE SAID, THATS NOT OUR ON THE GROUND EXPERIENCE.
2-SHOT
V/O: JOHN GRAHAM HEADS UP SAVE THE CHILDREN UK IN ETHIOPIA.
CLIP JOHN GRAHAM
CLIP JOHN GRAHAM T14TC0415 THE REALITY IS THAT SUBSISTENCE AGRICULTURE BY ITSELF IS NOT GOING TO RAISE ETHIOPIA OUT OF THE RECURRING PROBLEM THAT IT HAS.
CLIP BEREHANU NEGA
CLIP BEREHANU NEGA (ENG) T12TC3430-3441 WE HAVE TO HAVE A DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY THATS FORWARD LOOKING. IT SHOULD NOT BE BASED ON WHAT WE HAVE NOW. JUST BECAUSE THE MAJORITY OF THE POPULATION IS IN AGRICULTURE IT DOESNT MEAN THAT THE MAJORITY OF THE POPULATION HAS TO CONTINUE TO BE IN AGRICULTURE.
CC AND TALENT WALKING THROUGH BONEYARD T12TC0514
V/O: BEREHANU NEGA IS AN ACADEMIC ECONOMIST BUT HES ALSO AN ENTREPRENEUR.
PIX OF CC AND DR BEREHANU NEGA WALKING
SO WHEN HE CAME BACK HOME FROM THE UNITED STATES HE STARTED UP A FERTILIZER FACTORY SINCE NO-ONE ELSE WAS USING THE BONES FROM THE LOCAL ABATTOIR.
BEREHANU NEGA STANDING OTUDOORS AT HIS FERTILISER FACTORY
CLIP BEREHANU NEGA T12TC0324 I DISCOVERED THAT YOU CAN ACTUALLY DO A GOOD ORGANIC FERTILISER, WHICH CONSIDERING THAT ITS A PREDOMINATLY AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY THAT IMPORTS QUITE A LOT OF FERTILISER FROM ABROAD., I THOUGHT IT WAS GOOD IMPORT SUSBSITUTION BUT IT WOULD ALSO ADD ORGANIC MATTER TO THER SOIL WHICH HAS BEEN QUITE ERODED OVER TIME.
C/UP MACHINES ETC T14TC4324 END
CLIP BEREHANU NEGA
V/O: THE LATEST FAMILY BUSINESS IS A PHARMACEUTICAL FACTORY.
CLIP BEREHANU NEGA T15TC0316 THIS IS AN ANTI-MALARIAL RUG. WE PRODUCE IT AT AROUND ONE THIRD THE COST OF IMPORTS AND WE CREATE JOBS WHILE WERE DOING IT.
DR BEREHANU NEGA IN HIS FACTORY
BEREHANU NEGA LEFT ETHIOPIA AS A TEENAGER 25 YEARS AGO, DURING ONE OF THE MOST REPRESSIVE PERIODS IN HIS COUNTRYS HISTORY.
SINCE HE RETURNED IN THE MID-NINETIES HES BECOME CONVINCED OF TWO THINGS THAT THE ECONOMY MUST STOP RELYING ON AGRICULTURE AND THAT ETHIOPIANS MUST STOP RELYING ON AID.
CLIP BEREHANU NEGA T12TC4817
CLIP BEREHANU NEGA (ENG) T12TC4817 THERE ARE SOME PARTS OF ETHIOPIAN PEASANT COMMUNITIES WHICH HAVE BEEN GETTING AID FOR THE LAST 15 YEARS-20 YEARS. I MEAN THE ONLY WAY THEY KNOW HOW TO SURVIVE IS FOOD AID DEPENDANCE.
NORTHERN LANDSCAPES T8TC0054(END) & T9TC0030 - 2256
V/O: NORTHERN ETHIOPIA SAW THE WORST OF THE FAMINE NEARLY 20 YEARS AGO.
MORE LANDSCAPES
PEOPLE WITH DONKEYS WALKING UP ROAD T7TC1255
ITS GREEN NOW BUT MUCH OF THIS IS MARGINAL FARMING LAND.
INTERNATIONAL AID AGENCIES ARE WELL ESTABLISHED HERE SAVE THE CHILDREN UK IS RUNNING A PILOT PROJECT TO HELP FARMERS NEAR SEKOTA SET-UP A GRAIN BANK.
GROUP OF PEOPLE SITTING AROUND T7TC2020-5242
DISTRIBUTING SACKS OF GRAIN T8TC0030-0620
MANY OF THESE PEOPLE HAVE BEEN GETTING FOOD AID FOR YEARS AND SOME SEE LITTLE REASON NOW TO CHANGE.
CLIP: ENDY THE AID WORKER T7TC1640-1650 DID YOU DO ALL THAT WORK FOR NOTHING, DID YOU. DID YOU WORK FOR NOTHING?
V/O: EACH MEMBER OF THE CO-OPERATIVE GETS A MONTHLY RATION BUT THEYRE AGREED THAT BORROWERS WILL BE CHARGED INTEREST TO MAKE THE GRAIN BANK SUSTAINABLE.
MAN WALKING DOWN ROAD T8TC0031 (NOTE: END OF TAPE)
TAREKE ASEFA KNOWS TOUGH TIMES HE SURVIVED THE EIGHTIES FAMINE BY WALKING OUT OF IT, AS THEY DID REGUALRLY WHEN THE RAINS FAILED.
CLIP OF MAN CARRYING SACK AS HE SITS IN HIS VILLAGE (OLAY FIRST PART OF HIM WALKING WITH SACK OF GRAIN)
CLIP TAREKE ASEFA T8TC2009-2030 WED WORK AS CASUAL LABOURERS FOR OTHER PEOPLE AND WED SHARE A PLACE TO SLEEP WITH OTHERS WHO WERE MIGRATING, JUST BEG SHELTER FROM SOMEONE. AND WHEN THE RAINY SEASON STARTED HERE WED COME BACK. DURING 1984 WE WERE AWAY FOR A LONG TIME BUT WE CAME BACK.
SHOT T8TC5031 VIEW TO HILLS
GVS AROUND VILLAGE T9TC 4425
V/O: BUT HE DOESNT HAVE TO LEAVE HIS LITTLE VILLAGE ANYMORE BECAUSE FOR THE LAST 15 YEARS HES BEEN GETTING JUST ENOUGH FOOD AID TO SURVIVE.
CLIP TAREKE ASEFA - FARMER
CLIP TAREKE ASEFA T8TC1803 FOR THE LAST 15 YEARS IVE BEEN RELYING ON FOOD AID. WE CANT GROW ENOUGH FOOD TO MEET ALL THE NEEDS OF THE FAMILY. SO EVERY YEAR IVE GOT A SMALL AMOUNT OF RELIEF.
V/O: EVEN IN A GOOD SEASON 4 MILLION ETHIOPIANS RELY ON FOOD AID.
ITS THIS INSTITUIONALISED DEPENDANCY WHICH WORRIES BEREHANU NEGA.
CLI DR BEREHANU NEGA
CLIP BEREHANU NEGA T12TC5100 WHEN YOU DEPEND ON FOREIGN AID FOR THE LAST 15-20 YEARS CONTINUOUSLY. (EDIT: NOD) T9TC4250 ITS MUCH MORE IMPORTANT TO LISTEN TO DONORS, TO LISTEN TO FOREIGNERS THAN TO LSITEN TO THE DEBATE TAKING PLACE IN YOUR OWN SOCIETY AND THE DEBATE WITHIN YOUR OWN SOCIETY ALSO STOPS BECAUSE IT DOESNT MAKE ANY DIFFERENCE ANYWAY.
CC AUDIO QUESTION
CLIP PM MELES ZENAWI
CC QUESTION T3TC 4848 WHO DOES THE GOVERNMENT LISTEN TO. THE DONORS WHO TELL YOU WHAT THEY WANT TO SPEND THEIR MONEY ON OR THE PEOPLE WHO ARE OUT THERE STRUGGLING TO MAKE ENDS MEET?
CLIP PM MELES ZENAWI (ENG) T3TC1816 WE TRY TO LISTEN TO EVERYBODY.
OUR FARMER PUTS BEEJKEEPERS HAT ON T8TC659
CHECKS HIS BEEHIVE T8TC 3739
V/O: TAREKE ASEFA HAS A NEW BEEHIVE, COURTESY OF THE AID AGENCY.
THAT SHOULD MEAN A LITTLE MORE HONEY AND A LITTLE MORE CASH.
THE GOVERNMENT WOULD LIKE TO MOVE HIM OFF HIS LAND TO SOMEWHERE MORE FERTILE BUT HE DOESNT WANT TO GO.
AND THE GOVERNMENTS NOT ABOUT TO FORCE HIM.
CLIP OF HILLTOP FARMER TAREKE ASEFA
CLIP TAREKE ASEFA T8TC2306 I DONT WANT TO BE RESETTLED ANYWHERE. I WANT TO DIE IN THE VILLAGE WHERE I WAS BORN. IF THE GOVERNMENT KEEPS GIVING JUST A SMALL AMOUNT OF AID THEN ID PREFER TO STAY HERE THAN RESETTLE SOMEWHERE ELSE,WHETHER ITS A GOOD HARVEST OR NOT. IM ATTACHED TO THIS PLACE. ITS WHERE I WANT TO DIE. 2325
GVS OF LANSCAPE. WHEAT IN SUNLIGHT ETC T9TC0250 - 2256
CLIP JOHN GRAHAM, SAVE THE CHILDREN UK
CLIP PM MELES ZENAWI
MAN PLOUGHING HIS FIELD
CLIP PM MELES ZENAWI
MAN PLOUGHING
MAN PLOUGHING FIELD VISION
JOHN GRAHAM, SAVE THE CHILDREN UK CLIP
CLIP BEREHANU NEGA
LALIBELA CHURCH PICTURES
PEOPLE WORSHIPPING AT CHURCH
VARIOUS OTHER SHOTS IN AND AROUND CHURCH
PRIESTS CHANTING ETC
V/O: BUT EVEN IF PEOPLE WANT TO MOVE THEY OFTEN WONT BECAUSE THEYRE AFRAID THEYLL BE LEFT DESTITUTE.
THATS BECAUSE LAND IN ETHIOPIA IS OWNED BY THE STATE THE COUNTRYS PEASANT FARMERS RENT IT.
IF THEY LEAVE IT THEY LOSE IT.
CLIP JOHN GRAHAM T14TC1208 IF THEY COULD SELL IT AND USE THAT MONEY THEY GOT FROM SELLING IT TO GO TO TOWN AND START UP SOMETHING OR SUSTAIN THEMSELVES WHILE THEY LOOKED FOR A JOB THEN I THINK PEOPLE WOULD BE MOVING MUCH MORE.
V/O: BUT THE GOVERNMENT REFUSES TO CONSIDER LAND PRIVATISATION FOR FEAR OF FLOODING THE CITIES.
CLIP MELES ZENAWI T4TC1224 (END) NOW WHAT WOULD HAPPEN IF WE DRIVE, SAY 4 MILLION PEOPLE OFF THE LAND. WOULD THEY GET EMPLOYMENT IN THE URBAN AREAS. COULD WE CREATE SAY 4 MILLION JOBS IN 3 TO 5 YEARS. THATS SIMPLY OUT OF THE QUESTION.
V/O: SO PEOPLE ARE STUCK IN A KIND OF STATE RUN FEUDALISM TOPPED UP BY THE WRONG SORT OF FOREIGN AID.
ACCORDING TO THE PRIME MINISTER, ETHIOPIA NEEDS MORE MONEY FOR DEVELOPMENT AND FEWER SACKS OF FOREIGN GRAIN.
CLIP PM MELES ZENAWI T3TC2500 (ENG) THE US, FOR EXAMPLE, PROVIDED SOMETHING CLOSE TO 500 MILLION DOLLARS IN FOOD AID DURING THE CURRENT YEAR AND AVE US SOMETHING LIKE 4 MILLION DOLLARS FOR AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT. NOW I THINK USAID HAS COME TO THE VIEW THAT THIS IS COMPLETLEY IRRATIONAL.
V/O: NO-ONE IN THIS DEBATE SUGGESTS ETHIOPIANS ARE LAZY JUST TRY PLOUGHING A FIELD LIKE THIS.
V/O: BUT IT WOULD BE BETTER IF THOSE WHO WANTED TO LEAVE THE LAND COULD AT THE MOMENT THERES NOTHING TO ENCOURAGE THEM.
T14TC0907 NOBODY IS OUT THERE, SITTING AROUND SAYING, GEE, IT DOESNT MATTER IF I PRODUCE ANYTHING OR NOT BECAUSE THE KIND PEOPLE OF AUSTRALIA WILL SEND ME SOMETHING TO EAT. EVERYBODY WORKS AS HARD AS THEY CAN AND DESPITE THAT HARD WORK AND DESPITE MAXIMISING THEIR PRODUCTION THEY STILL FIND THEMSELVES SHORT.
V/O: AND EVERYONE AGREES THAT AID DEPENDANCY IS ALSO AN ISSUE.
CLIP BEREHANU NEGA T12TC4857 I WOULD ARGUE THAT ONE OF THE REASONS WHY WE ARE NOT GOING ANYWHERE IS PRECSIELY BECAUSE PEOPLE HAVE LOST, SIGNIFICANTLY, THE CONFIDENCE IN THEMSELVES AND IN THEIR ABILITY TO IMPROVE THEIR OWN CONDITIONS. (EDIT: NOD) TC4923 AND THAT DAMAGE IS NOT ENTIELY CAUSED BY FOREIGN AID BUT I WOULD ARGUE THAT IT HAS CONTRIBUTED TO A CERTAIN DEGREE TO THIS.
(UPSOT PEOPLE SINGING AND PRAYING AT CHURCH IN LALIBELA)
V/O: THE EXTRORDIANRY STONE CHURCHES OF LALIBELA, CARVED FROM THE SOLID ROCK REFLECT AN EARLIER AGE OF HIGH ACHIEVEMENT IN ETHIOPIA.
FOR CENTURIES PEOPLE HERE HAVE ENDURED DROUGHT AND FAMINE WITH LITTLE MORE THAN FAITH AND STOICISM.
WITH THE RIGHT SORT OF HELP, ETHIOPIANS SHOULD NOW FEEL ITS WITHIN THEIR POWER TO BRING THIS MISERY TO END.
V/O: WE BEGIN THIS REPORT WITH A SHORT QUIZ.
NAME THE FOLLOWING AFRICAN COUNTRY.
IT WAS NEVER REALLY COLONISED BY EUROPEANS.
LALIBELA CHURCH MUSIC AND VISUALS T10TC5033
ONE OF THE MOST POPULOUS ON THE CONTINENT ITS A PLACE OF EXTRAORDINARY HISTORY AND DIVERSITY.
IT HAS A BIG AREA OF FERTILE FARMING LAND AND MORE CATTLE THAN ANY OTHER COUNTRY IN AFRICA.
BOY CRACKING WHIP WITH CATTLE T1TC4906
AND ITS NAME IS A BYWORD FOR FAMINE.
VO
VO: IF YOU ANSWERED ETHIOPIA, THEN TAKE A BOW.
THIS IS WHAT A BIG CHUNK OF ETHIOPIA LOOKS LIKE NOT BAD RAINFALL, REASONABLY FERTILE SOILS, NOT BAD FARMING COUNTRY. YET AFTER HUNDREDS OF MILLIONS OF DOLLARS IN FOREIGN AID IN RECENT YEARS AND THE LATEST GOVERNMENT SCHEME WHICH WAS MEANT TO END HUNGER, MILLIONS OF ETHIOPIANS STILL FACE THE YEARLY RISK OF STARVATION. WHY? THATS THE QUESTION WERE GOING TO TRY TO ANSWER.
MUSIC AND DANCE ETC T4TC0520
CLIP AZMARI PERFORMER ADANE TEKA T4TC2245-2331
V/o: A LOT OF ETHIOPIANS WISH THEIR COUNTRY WAS KNOWN FOR SOMETHING OTHER THAN DISASTER.
CLIP AZMARI PERFORMER: T4TC2314 -2331 MY DREAM IS TO TRAVEL TO DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE WORLD TO SHOW OUR CULTURE. I LOVE MY COUNTRY MORE THAN I LOVE MY MOTHER AND FATHER.
ETHIOPIA SHOULD BE FAMOUS FOR AZMARI A MUSICAL TRADITION COMBINING VERSE, SONG AND HUMOUR.
ITS HUGELY POPULAR AND ADANE TEKA IS ONE OF THE BEST IN THE BUSINESS.
AZMERI PERFORMER ADANE TEKA T4TC1542-1604
CLIP AZMERI PERFORMER:T4TC 1542-1604 I WOULDNT SAY ITS EASY TO MAKE PEOPLE LAUGH HERE BECAUSE LIFE IS VERY DIFFICULT. PEOPLE DONT EARN MUCH MONEY SO ITS NOT EASY TO MAKE THEM LAUGH BUT I SEEM TO MANAGE.
PEOPLE ENJOYING PERFORMANCE ETC T4TC VARIOUS
V/O: THE PROBLEM IS THAT MANY ETHIOPIANS SIMPLY CANT MANAGE WITHOUT REGULAR FOREIGN AID MILLIONS WOULD STARVE.
CLIP OF PRIME MINISTER MELES ZENAWI
REVERSE QUESTION AVAILABLE AT T3TC4829
PM MELES ZENAWI T3TC1540
CLIP PM MELES ZENAWAI T3TC3416 ALL ETHIOPIANS DO NOT LIKE TO BEG. ALL ETHIOPIANS FEEL ASHAMED THAT THEY HAVE TO DEPEND ON FOREIGN AID FOR THEIR DAILY BREAD AND THEY ARE EAGER TO OVERCOME THAT SENSE OF HUMILIATION.
Q: AS AN ETHIOPIAN, HOW DOES THAT MAKE YOU FEEL TO BE SO DEPENDENT ON FOREIGN AID?
A: IT MAKES ME FEEL BAD, ASHAMED. ITS NOT SOMETHING THAT ANYBODY WANTS TO BE IN.
PEOPLE IN LINE T6TC4029
V/O: YET THAT IS PRECISELY THE POSITION ETHIOPIANS FOUND THEMSELVES IN, AGAIN, THIS YEAR
LITTLE BOY TRYING TO CARRY SACK T6TC2330
CLIP JOHN GRAHAM SAVE THE CHILDREN UK
MORE OF PEOPLE GETTING FOOD AID T6TC1040 - 4311
ETHIOPIA IS NOT JUST POOR, ITS CROWDED.
THERE ARE NEARLY 70 MILLION PEOPLE HERE AND AROUND 20 PERCENT OF THEM ARE LINING-UP FOR FOOD AID THIS YEAR.
CLIP JOHN GRAHAM (ENG) T14TC0054 THIS HAS BEEN THE BIGGEST CRISIS SINCE THE FAMINE OF 84-85 AND THE DIFFERENCE IS THAT THE RESORUCES CAME THROUGH EARLY ENOUGH AND IN SUFFICIENT QUANTITY SO THAT WE DIDNT HAVE MASS STARVATION LIKE WE DID IN 84-85.
V/O; BUT FOR HOW MUCH LONGER WILL THE WORLD BE WILLING TO FEED ETHIOPIA?
CLIP DR BEREHANU NEGA
CLIP BEREHANU NEGA T12TC2521 THIS YEAR WE HAVE THIS DROUGHT WE HAVE 14 MILLION PEOPLE AFFECTED, I MEAN IF YOU TAKE THIS TREND, BY 20-25 20-28 YOU WILL HAVE 50 MILLION PEOPLE STARVING AND I DONT THINK THERE IS GOIONG TO BE ANY FOREIGN AID TO HELP THESE PEOPLE AT THAT TIME.
LANDSAPE T6TC4400
THE BORICHA DISTRICT IN THE COUNTRYS SOUTH USED TO BE ABLE TO FEED ITSELF.
WHILE IT LOOKS LUSH, A SUCCESSION OF BAD HARVESTS HAS LEFT ONE IN FIVE PEOPLE THIS YEAR ON THE BRINK OF STARVATION.
DOCTOR MESFIN HAILEMARIAM FROM AID FEEDING CENTRE
CLIP DOCTOR CLIP (ENG) T4TYOU CAN SEE THAT HE IS WASTED AND ON TOP OF THAT I CAN FEEL THAT HIS BONES ARE NOT THAT STRONG, RIGHT INSIDE HERE WHICH SHOWS THAT HE HAS A DEFICIENCY OF VITAMINS OR FEW VERY IMPORTANT MINERALS.
CUTAWAYS TO OTHERS IN TENT, MOSTLY MOTHERS WITH CHIDLREN T4
V/O: THIS YEAR DEATHS FROM MALNUTRITION WILL PROBABLY NUMBER IN THE TENS OF THOUSANDS A SHOCKING FIGURE BY ANY STANDARD BUT IN ETHIOPIA THIS COUNTS AS DISASTER AVOIDED.
MILLIONS WILL GO HUNGRY BUT MOST WILL LIVE.
DOCTOR MESFIN HAILEMARIAM FROM FEEDING CENTRE
CLIP DOCTOR (ENG) T4TC4031 Q:IS THERE A CHANCE THIS CHILD WILL RECOVER?
A: YES, MOST DO.
Q: EVEN IN THIS STATE?
A: EVEN IN THIS STATE. SOME MAY DIE. ITS THE WILL OF THE LORD. WE DONT KNOW WHICH ONES WILL SURVIVE. THAT WE TRY VERY HARD FOR THESE CHILDREN TO HAVE A BETTER LIFE.
EXTERIORS OF CENTRE T4 5225 &T5 1354
V/O: FOREIGN AID AGENCIES COME IN WITH THEIR EMERGENCY FEEDING CENTRES THEIR FOOD SUPPLIES ALL OF IT VITAL BUT INCREASINGLY ETHIOPIANS ARE ASKING WHY THEY CANT BREAK THIS CYCLE.
DOCTOR MESFIN HAILEMARIAM FROM AID FEEDING CENTRE
CLIP DOCTOR (ENG) T5TC0915 WE HAVE LIVED WITH DROUGHT FOR CENTURIES. ITS NOT A NEW EXPERIENCE FOR ETHIOPIANS BUT WE ETHIOPIANS HAVE NEVER REALLY LEARNED FROM OUR PAST DROUGHT, FROM OUR PAST CRISIS. EVEN IF WE DID WE ARE NOT IN A POSITION TO PREVENT THE NEXT ONE.
T5TC5108 MAN WALKS THRU GATE AND PAST MAIZE
V/O: GALFATO FUNISSA SAYS HES SOMEWHERE BETWEEN 55 AND 60 YEARS OLD HE DOESNT QUITE KNOW.
FARMER WALKS THRU GARDEN
IN A COUNTRY WHERE AVERAGE MALE LIFE EXPECTANCY REMAINS STUCK IN THE FORTIES, THAT MAKES HIM A SUCCESSFUL FARMER BUT EVEN HES STRUGGLING NOW.
CLIP GALFATO FUNISSA T5TC3201-3224 (HTOUGHT TRACK?)
CLIP FARMER T5TC3803-3810 WE HAVE NOTHING TO EAT, REALLY, WERE EATING MAIZE STALKS WHICH USUALLY GO TO THE CATTLE.
FARMER WEEDING PLANTS T5TC5217
SITTING IN GROUP WITH COW IN THE FOREGROUND T5TC4000 -END
V/O: THIS IS TOBACCO GIVEN TO HIM FOR FREE BY THE GOVERNMENT PERHAPS ITLL BRING IN A LITTLE CASH.
HES HAD TO SELL ALL BUT ONE OF HIS COWS.
CLIP OF FARMER GALFATO FUNISSA
CLIP FARMER T5TC2400-2450ITS BEEN SERIOUS FOR 4 YEARS. IVE TRIED EVERYTHING. IVE PLOUGHED AND WORKED THE LAND BUT ALL IN VAIN. I USED TO PLANT A LOT OF GRAIN BUT NOTHINGS WORKED BECAUSE THE RAINFALLS BEEN SO ERRATIC.
MORE STUFF OF FAMER AND HIS VILLAGE
VILLAGE SHOTS AGAIN
V/O: WITH ONLY HALF A HECTARE OF LAND AND 14 CHILDREN GALFATO IS NEVER ABLE TO BUILD-UP A RESERVE THE LINE BETWEEN SUCCES AND CATSTROPHE IS VERY FINE.
BECAUSE LAND IS STATE-OWNED MOST FARMERS CANT BUILD DECENT-SIZED HOLDINGS, LET ALONE BORROW MONEY TO IMPROVE THEIR FARMS.
SETUP SHOTS WITH CC T3TC3707
V/O: ETHIOPIAS PRIME MINISTER DOESNT THINK THATS THE MAIN PROBLEM.
HE BELIEVES THAT IF FARMERS LIKE GALFATO COULD JUST GROW A LITTLE BIT MORE THEN EVENTUALLY THW WHOLE ECONOMY WILL IMPROVE..
CLIP PM MELES ZENAWAI
CLIP PM MELES ZENAWI (ENG) T3TC 0738) OUR HOPE BASED ON PREVIOUS EXPEREINCE IN OTHER COUNTRIES IS THAT AS AGRICULTURE IMPROVES IT CREATES SPACE FOR PRIVATE SECTOR DEVELOPMENT IN SMALL AND MICRO ENTERPRISE AND TRADE AND SO ON AND THEREFORE WOULD REDUCE THE PRESSURE ON LAND.
MAN PLOUGHING FIELD T9TC2256 -3514
V/O: SO THE GOVERNMENTS STRATEGY IS AGRICULUTRE FIRST, SECOND AND THIRD.
ITS WHERE NEARLY ALL THE EFFORT GOES.
PTC CUT IN INTERNATIONAL VERSION
PTC: THE GOVERNMENTS LATEST BIG IDEA TO END THE COUNTRYS CHRONIC FOOD SHORTAGE WAS TO DRAMTICALLY INCREASE GRAIN PRODUCTION, SO THEY ALLOWED A PRIVATE MARKET AND MADE FERTILISER WIDELY AVAILABLE. SURE ENOUGH, GRAIN PRODUCTION DID GO UP, SPECTACULARLY BUT PRICES FELL JUST AS QUICKLY. THE NEXT YEAR FARMERS DIDNT PLANT AS MUCH BECAUSE IT WASNT WORTH THEIR WHILE, THEN THERE WAS A DROUGHT AND BEFORE LONG ETHIOPIA HAD THE BEGGING BOWL OUT AGAIN.
SETUPS WITH PM MELES T3
V/O: THE PRIME MINISTER CONCEDES THEREVE BEEN MISTAKES BUT INSISTS AGRICULTURE IS THE WAY FORWARD.
CLIP PM MELES ZENAWI
CLIP PM MELES ZENAWAI (ENG) T3TC0405 WE NEED TO DO MORE TO IMPROVE THE EFFICIENCY OF RURAL MARKETING. WE NEED TO DO MORE TO IMPROVE THE PRODUCTIVITY IN DROUGHT AFFECTED AREAS, THE AREAS THAT ARE AFFECTED BY LAND DEGRADATION. OTHERWISE I THINK THE BASIC STRATEGY IS SOUND.
C/U COFFEE GOING INTO CUPS T13 FROM TC3533-END
COFFEE GOING ONTO PLATES
CUSTOMERS ETC
CLIP DR BEREHANU NEGA IN COFFEE HOUSE T13
2-SHOT IN COFFEE SHOP
SET UP SHOTS
CLIP DR BEREHANU NEGA
V/O: OTHERS ARGUE THAT RELYING ON AGRICULTURE IS PART OF THE PROBLEM, NOT THE SOLUTION.
COFFEE IS ONE OF THE FEW THINGS ETHIOPIA HAS WHICH THE WORLD WANTS.
SIXTY PERCENT OF THE COUNTRYS EXPORT INCOME IS FROM COFFEE.
BUT THE WORLD PRICE FOR COFFEE HAS BEEN FALLING FOR YEARS.
CLIP DR BEREHANU NEGA (ENG) T13TC2331 THE LESSON FOR ETHIOPIA IS THAT YOU CANNOT CONTINUE TO DEPEND ON ONE COMMODITY FOR YOUR EXPORTS AND HOPE TO DEVELOP YOUR ECONOMY. THERE MUST BE A PROCESS OF DEVELOPMENT TAKING PLACE IF THIS COUNTRY IS TO DEVELOP AT ALL.
V/O: BEREHANU NEGA IS AN ECONOMIST .
AND HE THINKS THE GOVERNMENT IS WRONG TO RELY ON AGRICULTURE TO PULL ETHIOPIA OUT OF POVERTY.
CLIP DR BEREHANU NEGA (ENG) T13TC2441 THE STARTING POINT IS TO RECOGNIZE THE CRUCIAL NATURE OF THE NEED FOR DIVERSIFICATION AND TO START THINKING ABOUT HOW WE GO ABOUT IT.
FARMER WEEDING HIS CROPS T5TC5217
CLIP FARMER GALFATO FUNISSA
SET-UP SHOTS SHOWING GROUP WITH COW IN FOREGROUND T5TC4000
CLIP FARMER GALFATO FUNISSA
V/O: GALFATO FUNISSA USED TO GROW COFFEE.
BUT HE STOPPED BECAUSE HE COULDNT MAKE MONEY OUT OF IT ANYMORE.
CLIP FARMER T5TC3201-3224 I USED TO FARM COFFEE, THEN I CHANGED TO CHAT, THEN I TRIED AGAIN TO GROW MAIZE BUT NONE OF THESE ARE WORKING NOW.
V/O: THROUGH NO FAULT OF HIS OWN GALFATO IS GOING BACKWARDS.
CLIP FARMER T5TC2712-2758 I USED TO HAVE ENOUGH MONEY TO SEND MY CHILDREN TO SCHOOL. NOW WEVE REACHED THE STAGE WHERE WE HAVE TO SELL ASSETS, LIKE OUR CATTLE AND OTHER THINGS. THATS HOW WE COPE.
CLIP JOHN GRAHAM, SAVE THE CHILDREN UK
CLIP JOHN GRAHAM (ENG) T14TC1753 PEOPLE HAVE BECOME MORE DESTITUTE OVER THE LAST 10 YEARS THAN LESS AND I THINK THAT WENT AGAINST WHATS BEEN SAID BY THE WORLD BANK AND OTHER INSITUTIONS WHO SAID, OH EVERYTHINGS GETTING BETTER IN ETHIOPIA, WE DONT HAVE TO WORRY SO MUCH. WE SAID, THATS NOT OUR ON THE GROUND EXPERIENCE.
2-SHOT
V/O: JOHN GRAHAM HEADS UP SAVE THE CHILDREN UK IN ETHIOPIA.
CLIP JOHN GRAHAM
CLIP JOHN GRAHAM T14TC0415 THE REALITY IS THAT SUBSISTENCE AGRICULTURE BY ITSELF IS NOT GOING TO RAISE ETHIOPIA OUT OF THE RECURRING PROBLEM THAT IT HAS.
CLIP BEREHANU NEGA
CLIP BEREHANU NEGA (ENG) T12TC3430-3441 WE HAVE TO HAVE A DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY THATS FORWARD LOOKING. IT SHOULD NOT BE BASED ON WHAT WE HAVE NOW. JUST BECAUSE THE MAJORITY OF THE POPULATION IS IN AGRICULTURE IT DOESNT MEAN THAT THE MAJORITY OF THE POPULATION HAS TO CONTINUE TO BE IN AGRICULTURE.
CC AND TALENT WALKING THROUGH BONEYARD T12TC0514
V/O: BEREHANU NEGA IS AN ACADEMIC ECONOMIST BUT HES ALSO AN ENTREPRENEUR.
PIX OF CC AND DR BEREHANU NEGA WALKING
SO WHEN HE CAME BACK HOME FROM THE UNITED STATES HE STARTED UP A FERTILIZER FACTORY SINCE NO-ONE ELSE WAS USING THE BONES FROM THE LOCAL ABATTOIR.
BEREHANU NEGA STANDING OTUDOORS AT HIS FERTILISER FACTORY
CLIP BEREHANU NEGA T12TC0324 I DISCOVERED THAT YOU CAN ACTUALLY DO A GOOD ORGANIC FERTILISER, WHICH CONSIDERING THAT ITS A PREDOMINATLY AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY THAT IMPORTS QUITE A LOT OF FERTILISER FROM ABROAD., I THOUGHT IT WAS GOOD IMPORT SUSBSITUTION BUT IT WOULD ALSO ADD ORGANIC MATTER TO THER SOIL WHICH HAS BEEN QUITE ERODED OVER TIME.
C/UP MACHINES ETC T14TC4324 END
CLIP BEREHANU NEGA
V/O: THE LATEST FAMILY BUSINESS IS A PHARMACEUTICAL FACTORY.
CLIP BEREHANU NEGA T15TC0316 THIS IS AN ANTI-MALARIAL RUG. WE PRODUCE IT AT AROUND ONE THIRD THE COST OF IMPORTS AND WE CREATE JOBS WHILE WERE DOING IT.
DR BEREHANU NEGA IN HIS FACTORY
BEREHANU NEGA LEFT ETHIOPIA AS A TEENAGER 25 YEARS AGO, DURING ONE OF THE MOST REPRESSIVE PERIODS IN HIS COUNTRYS HISTORY.
SINCE HE RETURNED IN THE MID-NINETIES HES BECOME CONVINCED OF TWO THINGS THAT THE ECONOMY MUST STOP RELYING ON AGRICULTURE AND THAT ETHIOPIANS MUST STOP RELYING ON AID.
CLIP BEREHANU NEGA T12TC4817
CLIP BEREHANU NEGA (ENG) T12TC4817 THERE ARE SOME PARTS OF ETHIOPIAN PEASANT COMMUNITIES WHICH HAVE BEEN GETTING AID FOR THE LAST 15 YEARS-20 YEARS. I MEAN THE ONLY WAY THEY KNOW HOW TO SURVIVE IS FOOD AID DEPENDANCE.
NORTHERN LANDSCAPES T8TC0054(END) & T9TC0030 - 2256
V/O: NORTHERN ETHIOPIA SAW THE WORST OF THE FAMINE NEARLY 20 YEARS AGO.
MORE LANDSCAPES
PEOPLE WITH DONKEYS WALKING UP ROAD T7TC1255
ITS GREEN NOW BUT MUCH OF THIS IS MARGINAL FARMING LAND.
INTERNATIONAL AID AGENCIES ARE WELL ESTABLISHED HERE SAVE THE CHILDREN UK IS RUNNING A PILOT PROJECT TO HELP FARMERS NEAR SEKOTA SET-UP A GRAIN BANK.
GROUP OF PEOPLE SITTING AROUND T7TC2020-5242
DISTRIBUTING SACKS OF GRAIN T8TC0030-0620
MANY OF THESE PEOPLE HAVE BEEN GETTING FOOD AID FOR YEARS AND SOME SEE LITTLE REASON NOW TO CHANGE.
CLIP: ENDY THE AID WORKER T7TC1640-1650 DID YOU DO ALL THAT WORK FOR NOTHING, DID YOU. DID YOU WORK FOR NOTHING?
V/O: EACH MEMBER OF THE CO-OPERATIVE GETS A MONTHLY RATION BUT THEYRE AGREED THAT BORROWERS WILL BE CHARGED INTEREST TO MAKE THE GRAIN BANK SUSTAINABLE.
MAN WALKING DOWN ROAD T8TC0031 (NOTE: END OF TAPE)
TAREKE ASEFA KNOWS TOUGH TIMES HE SURVIVED THE EIGHTIES FAMINE BY WALKING OUT OF IT, AS THEY DID REGUALRLY WHEN THE RAINS FAILED.
CLIP OF MAN CARRYING SACK AS HE SITS IN HIS VILLAGE (OLAY FIRST PART OF HIM WALKING WITH SACK OF GRAIN)
CLIP TAREKE ASEFA T8TC2009-2030 WED WORK AS CASUAL LABOURERS FOR OTHER PEOPLE AND WED SHARE A PLACE TO SLEEP WITH OTHERS WHO WERE MIGRATING, JUST BEG SHELTER FROM SOMEONE. AND WHEN THE RAINY SEASON STARTED HERE WED COME BACK. DURING 1984 WE WERE AWAY FOR A LONG TIME BUT WE CAME BACK.
SHOT T8TC5031 VIEW TO HILLS
GVS AROUND VILLAGE T9TC 4425
V/O: BUT HE DOESNT HAVE TO LEAVE HIS LITTLE VILLAGE ANYMORE BECAUSE FOR THE LAST 15 YEARS HES BEEN GETTING JUST ENOUGH FOOD AID TO SURVIVE.
CLIP TAREKE ASEFA - FARMER
CLIP TAREKE ASEFA T8TC1803 FOR THE LAST 15 YEARS IVE BEEN RELYING ON FOOD AID. WE CANT GROW ENOUGH FOOD TO MEET ALL THE NEEDS OF THE FAMILY. SO EVERY YEAR IVE GOT A SMALL AMOUNT OF RELIEF.
V/O: EVEN IN A GOOD SEASON 4 MILLION ETHIOPIANS RELY ON FOOD AID.
ITS THIS INSTITUIONALISED DEPENDANCY WHICH WORRIES BEREHANU NEGA.
CLI DR BEREHANU NEGA
CLIP BEREHANU NEGA T12TC5100 WHEN YOU DEPEND ON FOREIGN AID FOR THE LAST 15-20 YEARS CONTINUOUSLY. (EDIT: NOD) T9TC4250 ITS MUCH MORE IMPORTANT TO LISTEN TO DONORS, TO LISTEN TO FOREIGNERS THAN TO LSITEN TO THE DEBATE TAKING PLACE IN YOUR OWN SOCIETY AND THE DEBATE WITHIN YOUR OWN SOCIETY ALSO STOPS BECAUSE IT DOESNT MAKE ANY DIFFERENCE ANYWAY.
CC AUDIO QUESTION
CLIP PM MELES ZENAWI
CC QUESTION T3TC 4848 WHO DOES THE GOVERNMENT LISTEN TO. THE DONORS WHO TELL YOU WHAT THEY WANT TO SPEND THEIR MONEY ON OR THE PEOPLE WHO ARE OUT THERE STRUGGLING TO MAKE ENDS MEET?
CLIP PM MELES ZENAWI (ENG) T3TC1816 WE TRY TO LISTEN TO EVERYBODY.
OUR FARMER PUTS BEEJKEEPERS HAT ON T8TC659
CHECKS HIS BEEHIVE T8TC 3739
V/O: TAREKE ASEFA HAS A NEW BEEHIVE, COURTESY OF THE AID AGENCY.
THAT SHOULD MEAN A LITTLE MORE HONEY AND A LITTLE MORE CASH.
THE GOVERNMENT WOULD LIKE TO MOVE HIM OFF HIS LAND TO SOMEWHERE MORE FERTILE BUT HE DOESNT WANT TO GO.
AND THE GOVERNMENTS NOT ABOUT TO FORCE HIM.
CLIP OF HILLTOP FARMER TAREKE ASEFA
CLIP TAREKE ASEFA T8TC2306 I DONT WANT TO BE RESETTLED ANYWHERE. I WANT TO DIE IN THE VILLAGE WHERE I WAS BORN. IF THE GOVERNMENT KEEPS GIVING JUST A SMALL AMOUNT OF AID THEN ID PREFER TO STAY HERE THAN RESETTLE SOMEWHERE ELSE,WHETHER ITS A GOOD HARVEST OR NOT. IM ATTACHED TO THIS PLACE. ITS WHERE I WANT TO DIE. 2325
GVS OF LANSCAPE. WHEAT IN SUNLIGHT ETC T9TC0250 - 2256
CLIP JOHN GRAHAM, SAVE THE CHILDREN UK
CLIP PM MELES ZENAWI
MAN PLOUGHING HIS FIELD
CLIP PM MELES ZENAWI
MAN PLOUGHING
MAN PLOUGHING FIELD VISION
JOHN GRAHAM, SAVE THE CHILDREN UK CLIP
CLIP BEREHANU NEGA
LALIBELA CHURCH PICTURES
PEOPLE WORSHIPPING AT CHURCH
VARIOUS OTHER SHOTS IN AND AROUND CHURCH
PRIESTS CHANTING ETC
V/O: BUT EVEN IF PEOPLE WANT TO MOVE THEY OFTEN WONT BECAUSE THEYRE AFRAID THEYLL BE LEFT DESTITUTE.
THATS BECAUSE LAND IN ETHIOPIA IS OWNED BY THE STATE THE COUNTRYS PEASANT FARMERS RENT IT.
IF THEY LEAVE IT THEY LOSE IT.
CLIP JOHN GRAHAM T14TC1208 IF THEY COULD SELL IT AND USE THAT MONEY THEY GOT FROM SELLING IT TO GO TO TOWN AND START UP SOMETHING OR SUSTAIN THEMSELVES WHILE THEY LOOKED FOR A JOB THEN I THINK PEOPLE WOULD BE MOVING MUCH MORE.
V/O: BUT THE GOVERNMENT REFUSES TO CONSIDER LAND PRIVATISATION FOR FEAR OF FLOODING THE CITIES.
CLIP MELES ZENAWI T4TC1224 (END) NOW WHAT WOULD HAPPEN IF WE DRIVE, SAY 4 MILLION PEOPLE OFF THE LAND. WOULD THEY GET EMPLOYMENT IN THE URBAN AREAS. COULD WE CREATE SAY 4 MILLION JOBS IN 3 TO 5 YEARS. THATS SIMPLY OUT OF THE QUESTION.
V/O: SO PEOPLE ARE STUCK IN A KIND OF STATE RUN FEUDALISM TOPPED UP BY THE WRONG SORT OF FOREIGN AID.
ACCORDING TO THE PRIME MINISTER, ETHIOPIA NEEDS MORE MONEY FOR DEVELOPMENT AND FEWER SACKS OF FOREIGN GRAIN.
CLIP PM MELES ZENAWI T3TC2500 (ENG) THE US, FOR EXAMPLE, PROVIDED SOMETHING CLOSE TO 500 MILLION DOLLARS IN FOOD AID DURING THE CURRENT YEAR AND AVE US SOMETHING LIKE 4 MILLION DOLLARS FOR AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT. NOW I THINK USAID HAS COME TO THE VIEW THAT THIS IS COMPLETLEY IRRATIONAL.
V/O: NO-ONE IN THIS DEBATE SUGGESTS ETHIOPIANS ARE LAZY JUST TRY PLOUGHING A FIELD LIKE THIS.
V/O: BUT IT WOULD BE BETTER IF THOSE WHO WANTED TO LEAVE THE LAND COULD AT THE MOMENT THERES NOTHING TO ENCOURAGE THEM.
T14TC0907 NOBODY IS OUT THERE, SITTING AROUND SAYING, GEE, IT DOESNT MATTER IF I PRODUCE ANYTHING OR NOT BECAUSE THE KIND PEOPLE OF AUSTRALIA WILL SEND ME SOMETHING TO EAT. EVERYBODY WORKS AS HARD AS THEY CAN AND DESPITE THAT HARD WORK AND DESPITE MAXIMISING THEIR PRODUCTION THEY STILL FIND THEMSELVES SHORT.
V/O: AND EVERYONE AGREES THAT AID DEPENDANCY IS ALSO AN ISSUE.
CLIP BEREHANU NEGA T12TC4857 I WOULD ARGUE THAT ONE OF THE REASONS WHY WE ARE NOT GOING ANYWHERE IS PRECSIELY BECAUSE PEOPLE HAVE LOST, SIGNIFICANTLY, THE CONFIDENCE IN THEMSELVES AND IN THEIR ABILITY TO IMPROVE THEIR OWN CONDITIONS. (EDIT: NOD) TC4923 AND THAT DAMAGE IS NOT ENTIELY CAUSED BY FOREIGN AID BUT I WOULD ARGUE THAT IT HAS CONTRIBUTED TO A CERTAIN DEGREE TO THIS.
(UPSOT PEOPLE SINGING AND PRAYING AT CHURCH IN LALIBELA)
V/O: THE EXTRORDIANRY STONE CHURCHES OF LALIBELA, CARVED FROM THE SOLID ROCK REFLECT AN EARLIER AGE OF HIGH ACHIEVEMENT IN ETHIOPIA.
FOR CENTURIES PEOPLE HERE HAVE ENDURED DROUGHT AND FAMINE WITH LITTLE MORE THAN FAITH AND STOICISM.
WITH THE RIGHT SORT OF HELP, ETHIOPIANS SHOULD NOW FEEL ITS WITHIN THEIR POWER TO BRING THIS MISERY TO END.