Julia Guest: For years I have been travelling to Iraq to report on the situation and to satisfy my own curiosity. This was a country without an identity in the West; you had to search for the history and culture, hidden from books and television, yet as old as writing itself. I came to love the Iraqi people, with their stoic ability to rebuild and repair everything that was being destroyed by war and sanctions. They never lost my respect or admiration, surviving all this with great dignity. When it was clear that America and Britian intended to attack them yet again, I was determined not to be a spectator, watching the green flashes on the TV screen and only imagining the reality of war. For a month before the war, I got to know a group of Iraqi students in Baghdad. As ‘Shock and Awe’ – so called by the US military – began, I saw the same stoicism and dignity, mixed with the inconsolable grief and anger in the hospitals and homes around Baghdad.

Hospital Patient (translation): Give me one reason, one convincing reason, for all this.

Julia Guest: By April 1st I had seen enough and I had the choice to leave. Back in Britain I learned from the media that this was a liberation. I wanted to know what this liberation would mean for Iraqis. How would they express this new freedom?

Crowd of Iraqis (translation): We will sacrifice all our souls for the sake of Sakr and Moqtada.

Julia Guest: Six weeks later, I heard the group of students I knew were starting their own newspaper. I needed to know how they would cope in this new Iraq and what freedom they would have as reporters, so I headed back.

US soldier 1: Can you turn that off, please? Nothing from that machine-gun over there and nothing from over there.

Julia Guest: Is there a real reason?

US soldier 1: Yes there is. I can take this from you if you want me to.

Julia Guest: When we arrived, I found the first issue of the paper being sold on Baghdad’s now empty streets.

Iraqi boys (translation): Newspaper, Newspaper!

Julia Guest: Salam was busy laying out the next issue.

Journalist 1: He wants me to say that Iraqis not responsible for these children

Iraqi 1: I’m not saying ‘Iraqis’, I’m saying ‘a lot of Iraqis’

Journalist 1: Every Iraqi is responsible for that, every one. Even the people that have nothing to do; they are responsible for that. Every one. OK, don’t say anything to Ahmed Chalabi because he is powerful. And after that you will say, OK Rumsfeld is a great guy but a little bit he looks like he maybe sometimes he tried to occupy us.

Iraqi 1: I not argue with you. If I want to make it that. Just reverse my article but I want to go just truth. OK.

Journalist 1: No. We don’t want to sell a newspaper, we want to make a newspaper.

We really, we have to spend maybe many many years, just to remove Saddam from work he has, because his fear going to come through for them. He entered X, really, he entered. How can we remove this guy from our life?

Julia Guest: Salam wanted to write a story about the mosques organising garbage collection. I went with him to the Shia district, once known as ‘Saddam City’, now renamed ‘Sada City’.

Journalist 1: Two million living, too much, garbage, garbage, garbage, everywhere. We’re trying to get an opinion piece from the mosque towards working with garbage collectors. That route, that’s the main route in this city and the sewage is full up. It’s all overflow, you can see it. You can smell the air is very bad. The sewage is very overflow and many people move in it.

There is a list of guys who were executed by Saddam’s time. These guys, all these guys executed before the war. These are from X party executed too, this list. That’s just the place of this one route, one street. Many of them are executed because have relationships with this guy, he’s called Mohammed X. He was killed in the streets by Saddam’s forces in 1998. All Iraqis loved him too much because he is a very great guy.

(translating for Iraqi 2) They are trying to collect in the garbage by they making a new association, it’s called Al-wollah (?) and they are making 14 workers for every street. They are paying for these workers 5,000 Denarii every day and he says it’s the same paying as in the Saddam palaces.

All these workers, volunteers, they not feel that city belongs to them because Saddam always treat them badly. So now they feel it belongs to them, they trying to clean it. Everything here belongs to the government. You can see it, it’s the chair, maybe it’s the chair for chief manager of some department of some place. You can see everything new.

We got an opinion piece from the religious guy there. He’s talking about what Islam says. It’s a very bad thing to steal things from the government. It’s the first time I saw something like this when somebody speaks about this thing. It’s very good.

Julia Guest: Hamsa was interviewing a nine-year-old girl

Child: He hit me with a gun on my head

Hamsa: Did he climb the stairs?

Child: Yes he did, he got me on the 1st floor. I shouted Alawi, Alawi. He put his hand on my mouth and dragged me downstairs to the street

Hamsa: Wasn’t there anyone in the street?

Child: Yes, they had automatic weapons but couldn’t do anything, he was armed.

Hamsa: Do you believe that?

Ramsey: You can write something up and we can put it on the web right away. If you want something here then bring it to the group. We could do a broad sheet within a very short time, a single sheet. English-Arabic, or just Arabic if you want.

Hamsa: English-Arabic, I don’t want it just Arabic I want everybody to know about this.

Ramsey: Alright, my question to you is, what would this story be? Would it be about this girl?

Hamsa : No. It’s going to be about no police stations, no security. That’s the result. No hospitals would accept any of those patients because there are no police stations, there’s no paper given to the patient so nobody will accept her. She’s just a kid. She has no future now. No love and…

Ramsey: Why doesn’t she have any futurein her life?

Hamsa: I’ll tell you why. Because the nurses say that when a girl is raped, that’s it. She’s dead. Nobody will take her any more.

Ramsey: Doesn’t she have parents?

Hamsa : Yes she does. That was her sister, Her brother is beating her every day.

Ramsey: Her brother is beating her?

Hamsa: Yeah. She’s just a kid. It’s not her fault.

Ramsey: They think she asked for it?

Hamsa: She didn’t ask for it.

Ramsey: Her family thinks that she asked for it?

Hamsa: That’s the thing. They don’t understand this. They don’t have that knowledge. They don’t get it. It’s not her fault. I need people to go to the hospital and get photos while they’re talking to them that they don’t accept any patients. They have seen them, I’ve got names.

Ramsey: They don’t accept…?

Hamsa: They don’t accept any patients. I have names, I have the names of the hospital…

Ramsey: Why?

Hamsa: They don’t because they say that there is no police stations. You need to get the paper, then we can start treating you. We don’t…

Ramsey: They can’t treat you?

Hamsa: No, they won’t even see the girl. I talked to the manager down there, I had a big fight with him because it’s not our responsibility, there’s no police station. I said, ‘alright there’s no police stations, there’s no government, what about human rights?’, just like that because, I mean, somebody has to keep their rights. Later on it has to be in the XX, they have to do that, they have to take samples to make sure it did happen at that time. He didn’t accept, it was like, ‘It’s not my problem – there’s no government – tell them that’, he goes, ‘Tell them, tell the forces that, tell the forces that’. I want to make an interview with them, see what he says. We can put that as well.

Julia Guest: Hamsa asked the newspaper team to work with her to cover the issue of rape in more depth.

Hamsa (translation): All these rapes are happening and women can’t get police authorisation for treatment in hospital. There was a similar incident with two nuns who were dragged out of a car

Iraqi 2(translation): Dr Abdel Aziz Moussewi. He is a close friend of mine, I will see him about the full story.

Hamsa (translation): That’s a good one, follow that up.

Julia Guest: I went with Salam Al Jabouri to the Al Kindy hospital to investigate how many rape cases they had seen. As we arrived, five ambulances pulled in.

Salam: Americans collected weapons and bombs in a house in a neighbourhood, they were carrying the weapons out when one of them threw a cigarette away. A severe explosion happened. So now I will interview the nurse here. She is angry.

Where is the doctor?

They said there are no places, no room for them so they will transfer them to another hospital. The nurse came from their town. It’s a long way from here, about 600km west. Americans attacked the hospital there and it’s destroyed so they bring them here and no one will receive them

So how many cases do you see like this each day?

Doctor: Bullet injuries? Twenty to twenty-five cases, daily. We get more accidents, bombs explosions, benzene burns.

Salam: And burn cases?

Doctor: Burns? Between ten to fifteen cases.

Salam: So they will transfer them to another hospital, the Karama hospital refused them also, so there is no place. There is no room in the Al Kindy or in the Karama hospital. The Ambulance driver says what should I do now?

Julia Guest: We followed the ambulances to the next hospital

Salam: American soldiers are surrounding the ambulance and asking the two young men to sit down.

Julia Guest: We carried on to the hospital

Salam: They will also transfer them to another hospital, he said there is no place here (talking to a doctor)

Julia Guest: US and British bombing had targeted all the telephone exchanges. There was no way for the hospitals to communicate with each other. Back at the newspaper, people were beginning to wonder where Saddam had gone. (Salam is drawing a cartoon of Saddam leaning out of a taxi window).

Ramsey: Saddam just drives the taxis? This is what he’s doing after the war. He’s driving taxis?

Iraqi 2: T – A – X – I Saddam is my relative so I feel proud that I am a relative of Saddam, my cousin!

Ramsey, Salam: Yeah, I’m sure

Julia Guest: Waleed, a nineteen-year-old student and journalist for the newspaper, was approached by a British businessman to act as his agent.

Waleed: This guy is trying to do, what he’s trying to do , I told you, he’s trying to bring a kind of lethal weapon here in Iraq. He said that he tried to help the Iraqi police by giving them these guns and it’s called stag guns. Stag guns, it’s a kind of electric guns giving electric shocks and he said it won’t cause the people any harm and even if it causes them harm it won’t kill them. But now, after reading the research, a patent report of a guy working with the government, in that report it says they used these guns in Seattle and 68% of the people that they used these guns on got injured but they didn’t mention anything about the 32 % that left.

Julia Guest: At the new office, Waleed needed to speak to Ramsey, an Arab American who helped establish the newspaper.

Ramsey: Money’s good, I know. And why did he ask you to do it? He’s looking for a Fall Guy.

Waleed: For what?

Ramsey: He’s looking for somebody to blame

Waleed: Yeah, he’s putting me at the front

Ramsey: Otherwise he wouldn’t have gone to you, you’re too young

Waleed: And I think this is the worst thing that a person can ever do

Ramsey: He’s an idiot, though. He knows you work for the paper, he knows you work for X

Waleed: It’s true, he’s stupid, at one point he said, you can use this copy and make an article, and I said, yeah of course, I’m going to do an article

Ramsey: So, this stuff yellow?

Waleed: Yeah

Ramsey: Or this stuff blue and the walls yellow?

Waleed: Yeah, really it’s going to be good

Ramsey: Like a dark blue?

It’s nice, we could do pink and yellow.

Waleed: Oh, we’ve got to sit in a house just like an ice cream, yeah, pink and yellow

Ramsey: Nice curtains with flowers on the, it’ll be pretty…

Julia Guest: Salam was still trying to find out why people could not get treatment for burns.

Salam: Salam Al Jabouri, X Newspaper, we have to talk with some doctors here.

US Soldier 2: What is it, Iraqi newspaper?

Salam: Yeah, Iraqi newspaper

US Soldier 2: OK

Salam: What’s the organisation, others come here?

US Soldier 3: You know Mr Bremer?

Salam: Yes

US Soldier 3: Bremer came here

Salam: Bremer himself?

US Soldier 3: Yes

Salam: And?

US Soldier 3: Mostly the Ministry of Medicine, they come.

Salam: Iraqis?

US Soldier 3: It’s the American Administrator for now.

Salam: What’s his name?

US Soldier 3: Er, what’s his name? I forget his name right off. I have it written down somewhere. Don’t you know?

Salam: No, I don’t know

I think we go to beds now. The beds of patients? We can go alone? You can wait for me here.

US Soldier 4: Well, I’ve got to go in here anyway

Salam: Why? They ought to have the patients there.

US Soldier 4: They’re used to seeing me here. I’ve been here for a month already

Salam: Inside the rooms? Troops?

US Soldier 4: I’ve been everywhere. You name it, I’ve been in there.

Salam: It’s difficult to see soldiers and military inside the rooms of the hospital

Julia Guest: Salam was looking for a burns specialist

Iraqi 3: They come just for show business, they ask us do you want, we will support you, we will do somrthing. They write my address, my phone, my occupation address. They went; ‘Tomorrow we’ll come or the day after tomorrow. Even the United Stated hospital, those responsible for burns, they come. Their plastic surgeon, he was very sad to see our situation and he said, ‘Yes this instrument, I have one extra one I will give you tomorrow’. And no one comes and no one helps us buy anything.

Salam: (of woman patient) She says, ‘To whom should I complain? No one answers me. I complain only to God’. It’s just the United States that is the reason. We have to complain because of US. She said we were a quiet country. We accept, we agree with our president. We need nothing. They destroyed us.

Iraqi 3: In Saddam’s time we had full control of everything. We run out of something in the stores, we can go and bring. Whatever, things were bad, you can order someone, no one can shoot you. This is the worst burns ward in the world.

Julia Guest: A package arrived for Waleed from the British arms dealer. A promotional CD for the Tayser guns.

Waleed: I don’t get it, really I don’t get it. How come that he wants me to write an article about it and given me this hard evidence that I can nail him down?

Julia Guest: A month later a man was killed in a demonstration in Kabulah when he was hit between the eyes by a Tayser gun.

Commentary from CD: …that sound of electricity temporarily disrupts the body’s central nervous system … a $400 device… worth its weight in gold…

Julia Guest: On 17th July, the anniversary of the foundation of the Ba’ath party, rumours were flying around Baghdad that Saddam had been captured. We decided to head to Adamir, the place he had last been seen.

Waleed: This is one of the oldest streets in Baghdad. This afternoon the people now started to shut their shops and go back home because first of all this district is really dangerous at night, in the evening, something like that. This place is the Adamir district. The people living here are from the best people in Iraq, because they are the eldest, I mean the real Baghdadians, I mean the real people of Baghdad are staying here. This café, which is X Café, is kind of X?

(interview with café owner) Fifty-seven years for this café since it first started. They opened this café in 1947. First of all he was mentioning the names of all the people who were coming to this café. Most of them are, let’s say, the most famous people he mentioned were the presidents of Iraq just like Abdul Konef Asam, Abdul Kalim, Abdul Salam Alef, Abdul Aqman Alef, Ahmed Hassan Beqel and also Saddam Hussein was one of the people who was coming to this casino. He named it as a casino not as a café.

I ask him about, is that right, have our socialist party been established from here and he say yes, most of the resistance movement and operation started from here. Even Abdul Kassam operation when they wanted to assassinate Abdul X it started from here. Because he said that most of the people were coming here were from Ba’athist, the real Ba’athist, but he said unfortunately most of them are now dead because all the good people, let’s say, the God took their souls, but what’s left is all those people who pretend that they are Ba’athist, but they are not. Ba’athist in names, but not in morals and manners.

He said that; ‘I saw Saddam Hussein by my own eye’, and after that he said ‘but I wasn’t sure if it was Saddam Hussein or his double. I asked him if there was any possibility that Saddam Hussein was having a double and he said, ‘Yes, Saddam Hussein has a double and I’m not quite sure if it was his double or not’.

Radio broadcast: Instructions from Washington, Tel Aviv and London to carry out this operation revealed the face of their intentions, that is an ugly division of Iraq. By giving the instructions to the parties mentioned, the occupiers revealed their true intention. That leads to the future division of all Arab countries.

Waleed: Well, in fact we’re going for Haifa Street in order to do a follow-up for a story of an explosion of a humvee for the uniform. Because of this explosion lots of casualties for the Americans and for Iraqi kids. We’re trying to know what happened for the children who got injured, first of all, what happened for the family of the dead children and just we try to know more details about what happened after these horrible events. And what do they think? What was their situation before the war? Was it worse or better? And what do they think? And if we had the chance to ask one of the children who was there and got injured, to ask him, what did he exactly see and what he felt. This is what we’re trying to do. Let’s hope we get one of the sources we are seeking for.

Still there are some remains of the accident.

Iraqi 5: Damn Bush and damn America, this is what is happening to people. Damn Bush and damn America, how are we benefiting?

Waleed: This is a picture of his son. You see the damages in the bone? The Iraqi doctors tried to cut his son’s leg but he went to the Americans near to the Ministry of Planning in the Republican quarters and he went and talked to the Americans there and he explained his situations and said ‘The Iraqi doctors want to cut my son’s leg’ and the Americans ask him for the picture of the bone and they take a look at the picture and they said ‘We can fix it up, we can give him medical treatment’ and now he’s staying at the US hospital in the X and they’re planning to send him to the US in order to make the operation from there. He has two more children. They’re making a check everyday over this section of the Republican palace in order to know when they are going to make this operation for her because the wound is too close to her skeleton and so dangerous.

A girl lost her eye, completely lost her eye. There was another boy who got serious damage also. The whole casualties of this were 17 children. Five of them killed, twelve of them were injured.

(questioning a girl – translation) What do you remember from the incident?

Girl (translation): I was coming home with Ahmed. Suddenly I heard this loud explosion and fell down. I didn’t feel anything. When I regained consciousness I couldn’t see anything, I was groping the walls and the stairs. I couldn’t reach far enough to get in the building, one of my neighbours came, he helped me. Then they took me to the hospital. Could you stop crying, Mother?

Waleed: The mother is saying that they heard a lot of stories from people. Some of them were saying that there is a guy who seems to be real heavy (?) and he threw out an explosion, a bomb, onto the humvee. Other people are saying that a car stopped and they shot at the humvee with a bazouka. Other people were saying that they shot at the humvee from this building across the street because it has to be targeted from a very high place, high position.

One of the guys was trying to save the kids and collect them up from the ground because the Americans just plugged the hallway. They surrounded the area and they didn’t allow anyone to enter the area in order to rescue the kids and he’s been shot by the Americans; two bullets in his leg, on the top of his leg.

And there is another woman, there is a very big gap in her stomach. She didn’t die, she’s not dead yet but they say it happened by the Americans. Especially this guy, he’s a young man, he’s not one of the kids, he’s trying to rescue the kids and he got two bullets from the Americans.

Julia Guest: Faisal heard an explosion in the Al Mansour district

Faisal: I think there is a little bit of fighting. This is the man that he was shooting.

There is a lot of American troops investigating and co-operating with Iraqi police and they are trying to find out what happened exactly beside the Jordan embassy.

About fifteen person has been dead.

Iraqi 6: We rushed to help the injured people. The Americans were forcing us back with guns, telling us you are thieves and looters, what looting? What theft? They are the thieves. People were dying and we were trying to help them. They allowed a Jordanian to escape – he had shot at us.

Faisal: We are going to ask the American soldier if he knows anything about what happened.

American soldier 5: It’s the fifth time I told you, buddy, will you get back by the side?

Faisal: This time, no! No way.

American soldier 5: Please, come on, I’m trying to be nice here.

Julia Guest: All Western journalists present were allowed a good view and access to a US spokesman. Faisal, an Iraqi journalist, found this access and information had been blocked.

Faisal: Could we make a small interview with you guys? Yes, I know, it’s too complicated, but at least you try to give us some small solution for what’s happened over here. You can at least just explain what are the reasons for that explosion.

American soldier 6: I’ll say again. It’s not my area. If you try to talk to one of the commanders, they can explain it to you, but me talking to you is taking me away from what I’m supposed to be doing right now

Faisal: Yeah, I know, I know.

American soldier 7: We really don’t know right now

Faisal: But do you know somebody over here…?

American soldier 6: There’s a man, er, where did he go? He was just standing right there

Faisal: Who, that one?

American soldier 6: Er… He’s walking away from us right now.

Faisal: That one? Thanks very much, soldier

Faisal: Erm, excuse me, can you just call for that sergeant I just need to take a small solution from him?

American soldier 5: I can’t, I can’t.

Faisal: Please?

American soldier 5: I need you back by the sidewalk, ok? I’m sorry but I’ve got to do a job just like you do.

Faisal (translation): What do you think the reason for the bombing is?

Iraqi 7: It’s obvious. The news got around this morning that Jordan is prepared to accept Saddam’s daughter and her family, to grant them asyluum, and some party members who were close to Saddam. And this bombing is the reaction.

Julia Guest: Later the same day there was a second attack

Faisal: He said he was nearby to the shooting and there was also an explosion and it seems to him, he said ‘I heard the shooting from American guns because I can recognise that it was American bullets’.

You can see there are some soldiers standing by to shoot anybody who is close to him. It seems that someone has been shot and you can see all this blood over here.

There has been a removal in some car over here – they took him already.

American (journalist?) talking into radio: Yeah, Sammy, we can’t say whether it was an RPG or not, but it was an attack, they came under fire, three people were wounded in a humvee, over.

Exactly, attributed to an army officer on condition of anonymity, reliable source, over.

Yeah, one Iraqi severely wounded to the back of the head, pool of blood out in front of a shop…

Faisal: We’re just passing by, they don’t know who he is, they just removed him to the nearest hospital they could get him and they said unfortunately he died on the way.

American soldier 8: Ok, I want all civilians out of here

Iraqis: Arabic?

American soldier 8: I said I could speak English. Arabic? No.

They tell me a bomb has been exploded and when they arrived here the American soldiers they start shooting for nothing. They start shooting in this shop and they make a wall from the X units, so they covered themselves with these things so they can protect themselves. For two hours with his two brothers and his father. And there’s also customers.

Julia Guest: Faisal learned from several witnesses there was no armed attack. The humvee had been parked on a land mine. Three Iraqis have been shot dead as American troops panicked.

Faisal: Where’s the commander of the group?

American soldier 9: The captain ? He’s down there

Faisal: That one walking there? That one?

American soldier 9: Eddie!

Faisal: Thanks. - Captain?

Eddie: How are you doing?

Faisal: Can we ask you a few questions about what happened in that building?

Eddie: I’m sorry?

Faisal: Can we ask you a few questions about what happened in that building?

Eddie: Er, no I’m not from Baghdad, I’m just…

Faisal: Yeah I know, but there is some record about the American troops have been attacked some trailer or something like that.

Eddie: Not thatI’m aware of. As I said, I’m from Tekrit. I’m down here shopping.

Julia Guest: Majid is responsible for working with the printers

Majid: Salam, they’re going to shut the printers next Tuesday. I want to make a broadsheet about the strike, just one sheet.

Salam: So what do you want us to do the broadsheet on?

Majid: I said they are going to shut down all the printers

Salam: Why are they closing the printers?

Majid: UNICEF was going to sign a contract this Saturday with Abiachi and two other printers. A contract to print the Educational Curriculum. They were supposed to be making a deal for $300,000 to be signed this Saturday but UNICEF just cancelled it and gave the contract to Jordan.

Salam: Why did they give the contract to Jordan?

Other Journalist: Who wants to close the printers?

Majid: The Iraqis! Abiachi and nine other printers went to see 88 printers all over Iraq. They told them from this Tuesday that if anyone prints anything they will set light to their businesses. They say they will not print anything unti the contract is signed back to them. In Saddam’s time they offered 50% of the contract to Jordan because Jordan owed money to Iraq. Jordan agreed, leaving 50% of the work to Iraqi printers. Abiachi and the other printers went to the Iraqi ministry to object. The Iraqi ministry changed the agreement and gave the whole contract to the Iraqi printers. The printers went to object to UNICEF and they hit a brick wall.
Cut to chanting crowds in Najaf holding pictures of Sheikh Hakim

Julia Guest: One of the most powerful Shia Muslim leaders was killed after Friday prayers, along with more than 80 people. The bombing happened outside one of the most sacred Shia mosques.

Faisal: Yesterday as we know happened a big explosion, a car bomb, for the Sheikh Mohammed Hakr Hakim. He was completing the Friday prayers and at 2 o’ clock exactly happened a very bad explosion. Some people are trying to say that ‘we will avenge you, Mohammed’ that we are going to avenge for the criminals that explode that damn car. And they are very very sad so they are beating themselves, feeling sorry about him.i

The people say there are some bodies still under that ground and the barber guy, he was not alone, there were too many guys with him to want to shave his hair or to work with him. Too many people.

‘Hisbullah’ means ‘The God’s Party’; this is where they take formations about Islam and the Immams and all these good persons. He makes as questions like what we need they repeat after him and what we want…

Until now they didn’t find out where Mohammed Hakim was. They didn’t find any missing pieces of him. Not his clothes, not his body, nothing. There will be no funeral for three days because they do not know if he’s alive or dead. So they are going to quit buying or selling or moving on the street for three days.

Julia Guest: Faisal asked directions to the hospital. By chance, Haida, a local from Najaf, was a key witness.

Faisal: He said that…

Iraqi 8(translation): I caught them, the two Wahabine. I caught two Wahabine. I caught them with my own hands and we handed them to the Americans
Faisal (translation): What brought the Wahabine here?
Iraqi 8 (translation): The ones who caused the explosion, they were Saudi Nationals
Faisal: A couple of Wahabian guys, and their ideas are Saudian ideas…
Iraqi 8 (translation): There were four. We caught two and the others escaped. One was carrying a bag containing remote control detonators.

Faisal: He said he was inside that square, he was just praying to God until they finished, so when he got up, until he crossed the street, that bomb had exploded and he never felt anything, he went into a coma.

Julia Guest: People were coming until days after, looking for their relatives.

Journalist 1: We don’t have any experience with making a newspaper, how it should be or what it should look like and before incident time there were no real journalists there is just advertisement for the government. The news came from up to down, not from down to up. I thought a newspaper should be a middle level between the government and the people and it should be coming from the people, the newspaper, to government, not the reverse. To keep sure, all the people involved in the newspaper are new, they have no experience of this and they are really honest. They have to write the things they are relating, whatever it is. Just relating. And sometimes the relate is that we like Americans, sometimes the relate is we are anti-Americans, many times we are just X?. The newspaper is the newspaper – my idea. So, the idea was we will start working and we will change all the time. For me that is a healthy thing for a newspaper because it is voluntary work. There is no voluntary work in the world and we continuously work with the same people.

Maybe some time this newspaper will be the New York Times or something, or like Le Monde. So when this newspaper is like this I think many people in the world will write for this newspaper and it will be great. Some day this newspaper will be something. That’s for history.