10:00:07:00 Scientific and informational centre "Memorial"
10:00:12:00 presents a film
10:00:16:00 With much love and kisses
10:00:23:18 Dedicated to the memory of Veniamin Iofe
10:00:33:07 Solovki. 1937
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10:01:19:02 - 10:01:54:21
At the end of October all the convicts were suddenly called for the general check up inspection. A long list including hundreds of surnames of those deported was read out. Two hours to get ready.
Panic began. Some would rush to pack things, the others – to part with acquaintances.
More than a thousand of convicts were deported from Solovki on this gloomy October evening.
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10:03:44:11
Leonid Yurievich Grabar’-Shpoliansky (the inscription on the cross).
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10:04:38:01 - 10:05:25:08
These are the Solovetskiye islands. You went there the first year, didn’t you?
No, I didn’t. Only to this place, to Sandormoh.
The first year we managed to go to the island of Anzer. This event of our life produced such an impression upon us. We followed this route, with roads so bumpy….
10:05:03:06
Klara Pavlova (title).
The boat took us over there. We have been to the Golgotha. Golgotha and the Golgotha hermitage. The mount Golgotha.
I understand.
We also climbed the Golgotha…
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10:05:25:22
Yuri Grabar-Shpolyansky (title).
10:05:27:16 - 10:06:03:23
I have been looking for the place, where my father found peace, for half a century. At some point I found out that he had died, that he had been shot. But I haven’t managed to find – where and when. There have been a number of versions. – One version stated that he had been deported to Norilsk from the Solovetskiye islands, and that he had got on the barge which sank and that he was still alive somewhere.
10:06:03:23 - 10:06:34:03
This was an optimistic guess, yet a hope…..
And in 1997 I found out that in Sandormoh all the prisoners that had been deported from the Solovetskiye islands had been shot and buried. 1116 people.
My father was 36, and I am 77 years old now… Well….
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10:06:45:21
All my thoughts are about how terrible it was then. How they were cruelly executed, in the Gestapo fashion. I am suffering as if I had gone through it myself.
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10:07:13:15
Elizaveta Delibash (title).
10:07:15:15 - 10:07:41:12
«I was seven years old when I was forced to get separated from my parents. And now I have found the place where my mother was buried. She is lying there with thousands of other victims. She was deported there from the Solovetskiye islands . And I haven’t made a mistake in saying «she is lying». Here, they were not buried, but cruelly killed and dumped.
10:07:41:12 -10:07:58:07
My mother is a Georgian. It seems the horrible Soviet Union united all the nations here to put them on their knees…»
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10:08:05:16
Victor Volynez (title).
10:08:07:15 - 10:08:28:02
I think that they were transported in goods vans. He might have seen all the details through small holes. Difficult to think, it is difficult to make up what my father would have thought in such a state.
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10:09:01:00
And the train….
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10:09:15:06 - 10:09:27:06
Craw fish, hot buns….
Beer...
So many pies.
With apples…
So much craw fish.
10:09:32:23 - 10:09:40:18
I have got some cabbage.
Hot potato….
10:09:49:12 - 10:10:02:07
I will get off here, thank you very much….
Mama!.
I didn’t let you. Why did you leave without my permission?
10:10:10:03
Did you get any orders to move?
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10:13:06:13
Vasil Ovseenko (title).
10:13:04:20 - 10:13:28:02
That night I was thinking about people that had gone through Solovki. 100 thousand people. And 50 thousand that perished here. Here and in other places, everywhere on this Holy Land… These were middle-aged people, generally around 30-40 years old. Some of them had just turned 20…
10:13:28:02 - 10:13:47:04
I was trying to imagine how they were taking it. Behind each individual his own suffering, destiny and pain are standing. Everyone was dying on his own.
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10:14:19:24
From the letter of Vladimir Zotov (title).
10:14:12:23 - 10:14:30:04
The bank already faded into the distance. Deep waters, enormous waves. The glorious view added to the overall feeling of the world’s eternity.
10:14:30:04 - 10:15:06:02
I remember one prisoner, a peasant. He was sitting still with a blank look. He might not have seen the sea before and didn’t have any idea that so much water could exist in one place. The wind touched his beard while he was looking in front of himself, suppressed by a vast expanse of deep waters and a grave thought about the fate that was ahead of him in the profound sea of life.
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10:16:18:05
From the diary of General Snesarev (title).
10:16:16:22 - 10:16:40:18
16 November, Wednesday.
Yesterday passed as all the other days… I think of my relatives… How would they take my transportation to the North? My wife, I am sure, will remain a character. Her tranquility, though disturbed by rumours, will become even stronger…
10:16:40:18 - 10:17:01:13
I feel strangely that the hardships don’t upset me. Is it really important where to end one’s life? I don’t agree with Pushkin and think that it is all the same for a lifeless body where to rot.
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10:17:28:19
From the letter of Alexei Vangengeim (title).
10:17:15:11 -10:17:38:10 - 10:18:06:09
Nansen in his «In the world of ice and night» cites the words of a certain wise man: «If there is anything more wonderful than nature and science, it is a man who doesn’t collapse in suffering». And then he adds: «But better than anything else is one’s home».
10:17:38:10 - 10:18:06:09
Wherever I look, whatever I think about, everything seems to me gloomy and disturbing and only my home with my beloved and dear family seem to be a bright star shining clearly and showing me the way. And I don’t give up against all the morbid facts of gruesome reality. This gives me hope that there is some light at the end of the tunnel.
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10:21:55:11 - 10:22:16:04
17 November. Thursday.
I am eating with a huge appetite, enormous, I would say. I have never eaten with such an appetite before, and so quickly… This is because I am always hungry, always undernourished.
10:22:18:03 - 10:22:34:01
I have never lived through anything like it, not mentioning those cases when during journeys I would lose my way. But these were only moments: youth, freedom, my own mistakes.
10:22:34:01 - 10:23:05:02
To be constantly hungry is such a factor that hides a lot behind it. It is enough just to mention – «he is constantly hungry» without adding anything to it.
I am disappointed that I eat everything up so quickly that I am constantly looking for something to eat, that I am permanently thinking about food…
10:23:05:02 - 10:23:32:06
I am ashamed because my life is driven by my hungry stomach stressed by circumstances, and my mind and heart are silent. It is not my fault but I am ashamed of a mere physiological weakness of my heart and power of my stomach. I am turning into a real Marxist…
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10:24:36:22 - 10:25:08:06
All the excursions somehow are forgotten. Even at night when awaking all my thoughts are about my father. All the time I am thinking about him and imagine how it was. Difficult to understand – but I am trying to imagine if he could see this or that, if he enjoyed the scenery or was constantly hungry. He was hungry – I know for sure, as he mentioned it in the letter.
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10:25:17:23
Irina Flige (title).
10:25:12:00 - 10:26:07:12
When we were in Kremlin and passed the place where the monastery cemetery was and where the memorial stone was placed, the guide told you about those who had been shot there in 1929 and mentioned the names – Sivers, Osorgin. This is the only execution that took place near the Kremlin, in a village. The majority of shootings were carried out here, at the bottom of the Sekire mountain. Therefore, when you walk up and down the slopes, remember that you walk on the graves, as the whole of Sekire mountain is a burial mound, an enormous grave.
10:26:08:00 - 10:26:45:18
From the very beginning there was a penalty cell situated in a church. It consisted of two areas – the bottom floor – the lower penalty cell, and the upper penalty cell. If you remember the church is also divided into two areas. The lower is heated, the upper – is not. Therefore, the penalty cell was divided into a simple penalty cell and a special penalty cell. In the latter one the prisoners wouldn’t survive
10:26:45:18 - 10:27:32:22
during winter as there was no heating there and at night everyone was deprived of clothes.
The penalty cell was described as follows. People were hardly fed, and were given just water and bread, once a day. They were deprived of warm clothing and often slept in piles to keep warm. They talk about very cruel measures that were taken against prisoners, some of the captives were tied up to logs and thrown down the stairs. But these are Solovetskiye myths, we don’t have any written record of the events, and none of the witnesses survived.
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10:28:58:23 - 10:29:22:11
My dear dear Sonika,
You would so much like me to write to you that all the troubles will finish one day, that we shall be together and everything will be fine again. Of course, Sonika, I am sure that this will be the case if we summon up our strength to face all the hardships and troubles, which we can’t avoid.
10:29:22:11 - 10:29:51:21
Do you remember a fable about two frogs, that got into the cream? One of them got into despair and drowned, and the other one was trying so hard to get out, that whipped up the cream and saved herself. Both of us should follow the example of the second frog, we should not succumb to despondency and low spirits. Please, don’t think that if I am imprisoned in a concentration camp and I have tuberculosis, it is an end to everything. It is not!
10:29:51:21 - 10:30:33:22
If I were with you I would take all the gloomy thoughts out of your mind. Now I could support you only in my letter. A big request to you Sonika – never hide from me when in despair, always write to me when it is hard. You won’t deprive me of the right to support you. You won’t forget about it, will you?
Don’t worry about me. Be more attentive to yourself. It is important for both of us and our future. Never give up. See you soon, my dear Sonika. With much love and kisses, yours, V.
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10:31:15:09
To the convicts, who perished before 1939 (The inscription on the cross.)
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10:32:25:09
Veniamin Jofe (title).
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10:32:10:23 - 10:32:50:23
Monuments are thoughts made real, that speak about how people in their times think of themselves and their era. At this cemetery, in this camp people of different confessions perished – the Orthodox, Muslims, Baptists, atheists. This stone was erected 10 years ago, at a time when they started speaking widely about the GULAG in the society. They started reflecting about it, trying to understand what it was all about.
10:32:50:23 - 10:33:25:10
The knowledge about the GULAG was fragmented and there was no real understanding about why so many people had been killed and how they had been killed, and why. This stone, which doesn’t have any plaque on it, is not really a monument, it is posed as a question. The question of what it was, and what the reason behind it all was. The most important thing – what were these victims sacrificed for?
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10:34:02:00 - 10:34:40:19
Dear Sonika,
… Every day I admire the sunset and the Nothern lights. The sunset here is not like the one in Central Russia. The East is bright red later turning into light lemon yellow. The clouds are painted beautifully as well as the sea – lilac, purple, bright red, orange, yellow, lead-coloured and blue. A strange sense of disharmony suddenly appears – bright colours in no way match the austere and gloomy North.
10:34:40:19 - 10:35:12:01
At night you see the North lights. Blue stripes of light appear in the sky. They flash up in one place and then dim down in the other, they turn into different shapes, more often the shape of fans and semi-circles, which are situated vertically one next to another. The light blue gleam of billions of stars against the dark blue sky make me sad… One starts thinking about something distant…
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10:35:20:13 - 10:35:44:20
Life consists of episodes, minor problems, concerns, fears, and also of happy moments and blessings of fate. All of that is soon forgotten, drowned in the past as a disappearing traveler in the fog, and what you have left in your soul is something ordinary, the average line of life or fate.
10:35:44:20 - 10:36:09:15
Sad episodes, as well as cheerful, where are they? Everything is thrown into the vast abyss of the past… What remains? Something bearable, tolerable, what you don’t want to complain about… If fact, one can only say, have lived, haven’t been ill, have eaten enough….
10:36:09:15 - 10:36:22:16
That is why it is important perhaps to fix every day with its details to remember better what you have indeed lived through….
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10:37:01:23
To the convicts of the Solovetsky concentration camp (the inscription on the slab.)
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10:37:51:13
Alexander Bobvrishchev – Pushkin (title.)
10:37:41:22 - 10:38:22:06
Dear Olya!
Perhaps I will have a chance to come back home by 1938. My mental as well as physical capacity remain untouched, and I in no way will be a trouble for you. All my life I have been living independently, this is the way I will finish it.
They treat me as if I am not a character. I don’t have any ways of fighting this battle, I understand it perfectly well.
10:38:22:06 - 10:38:37:14
I am asking you to write to me in more detail about yourself, how do you live, my darling? With much love and kisses,
Yours with love
Alexander Bobrishev-Pushkin.
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10:38:39:13 - 10:39:05:20
My dear Varyusha,
In 8 days – 3 full years of my imprisonment. The first year – having confidence that everything will be clarified and meaningless unreasonable troubles will be put an end to. The second year – a hope that came in place of confidence. And the third year, in which we had neither confidence nor hope.
10:39:05:20 - 10:39:18:00
It is hard from the moral point of view because of complete solitude. No one to talk to, to share thoughts with, everything on one’s own…
10:39:18:00 -10:39:48:05
How your felt boots, your valenki, help me! To give excursions around the cold museum, around sells and reserves in these valenki is wonderful. The legs are not frozen. Visitors change and I have to work every weekend from 11 up to 5 o’clock. Time at work passes very quickly, it gets closer to the end of the term, but to death as well. No choice though.
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10:40:36:16
May be you will stay?
10:40:39:01
Yes, sure, sure, but we have something to do there, that is a problem….
10:40:46:05
We have a lot to do back at home.
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10:42:21:23 - 10:42:44:20
My dear Sonika!
Your departure is still in my mind. Three loud whistles, the ship is maneuvering and leaving the harbour, rain of cooled steam getting out, and the very moment of departure – lots of white shawls on the deck, getting smaller, as the faces get out of sight.
10:42:44:20 - 10:43:07:15
I didn’t stay at the harbor till the ship disappeared out of sight. I ran along the shore towards the hangar and climbed a big rock in the hope that you might see me. I was against the background of the sun going up. I don’t know whether you could see me from such a distance, but I was standing there till the ship got out of the sight.
10:43:07:15 - 10:43:20:02
Then I left. Good bye, my dear Sonechka, Sonyushka, Sonika! With much love and kisses, Yours V.
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10:43:36:17 - 10:43:56:05
I put down that everyone remained on a one to one basis with those, who… They called them one by one…
So, that was not the way how they executed in the old times?
No, no. Here it was one by one. Bureaucracy.
10:43:56:05 - 10:44:13:08
They had to check biographical details. They had to check whether it was the right one or not. The last time… And then to tie his hands together...
«The case is that on the 27th of October there was an attempt to escape.
10:44:13:08 - 10:44:51:08
That is why there was a 4-day pause. On the 27th of October one prisoner hid a knife and cut the ropes that were tying him, trying to escape. Failure». «Do you know who had the knife?». – «No, yet I know there was an attempt and that is why they changed the execution procedure after that. And that is why the date was the 27th of October, and then the 1st, the 2nd, the 3d, the 4th» of November.
10:44:35:20 - 10:44:51:08
«The lists of the convicts were ascribed to different dates, weren’t they?». – «No, they were attached to different protocols. The trial presided over by three magistrates took place in Leningrad in September. It signed a number of protocols. About 300 people in each of them. And then the people would be transported
10:44:51:08 - 10:45:18:10
and Matveev would carry out the execution following the protocols. This is a certain protocol, he met the people, brought them here….» « And the 27th is the date of the shooting?». «Yes.» «And one protocol for everyone?». – «This is an execution protocol. He would report how he followed it. 243 people convicted. He shot 243 people. A sentence was successfully carried out».
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(The execution lists:)
10:45:25:10 Leonid Grabar’-Shpoliansky – death penalty
10:45:27:12 Michail Javorsky – death penalty
Vladimir Chekhovsky – death penalty
Alexey Vangengeim – death penalty
Sergei Grushevsky – death penalty
10:45:35:16 Alexey Zimnej – death penalty
Ivan Kirnadsky – death penalty
Valentin Kostrov – death penalty
Vladimir Koshlakov – death penalty
Max Levshin – death penalty
10:45:47:13 Alexander Bobrishchev-Pushkin – death penalty…
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10:46:41:17 - 10:46:51:00
They shot us at the very beginning of winter. In Samdormoh, that is 16 km from Medvezhyegorsk.
10:46:51:00 - 10:47:09:03 - 10:47:21:17
The first day one of us managed to get hold a knife, cut the ropes that entangled the hands and attempted to run away. The guards started to shoot. No one would ever find out if the instigators were taken to the place of execution alive, and who attempted to escape.
10:47:09:03 - 10:47:21:17
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For 4 days nothing happened. We waited tired with exhaustion. The expectation and uncertainty would drive us insane and it seemed that the time stopped.
10:47:21:17 - 10:47:46:23
Those days captain Matveev, having stopped the shooting, tried to invent a different procedure of transportation to make escape impossible.
Everything was decided. Now each of us had to go through three rooms, in the first one our boots and clothes were taken off, in the second – the hands and legs were tied together, in the third we would be hit and lose conscience.
10:47:46:23 - 10:48:15:00
After that we would be transported by trucks, hidden under the tarpaulin so that no one would guess that the vehicles were full of people. The guards would sit on top of the tarpaulin.
When we came closer to the woods, the pits were already dug up. We would be thrown onto the snow and then – one by one – into the pit, where Matveev was waiting for us to shoot each one in the head.
10:48:15:00 - 10:48:51:17
More than 200 people a night, gradually raising the heap of corpses.
In the morning the pit would be full and covered with earth.
Even now, in the wood, if you give it a thorough look, one can see these strange outlines. In the place of the pits the soil has sunk, and in the spring the grass there grows slightly lower that the general level of the earth.
For 60 years none of our children and family knew where our bodies were lying.
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10:50:04:00 - 10:50:24:07
To my daughter Elya.
A fur coat warms a human. But why? Because there is lots of air around the hairs, and the air keeps the warmth, or the cold.
Some plants also have fur coats.
10:50:25:17 - 10:50:51:00
What happens with it when a strong wind blows? The hairs don’t let the wind come through, it is warm among the hairs.
The plants use the warmth.
If you come into the wood when it is windy, you will see that the trees are swinging but it is very quiet at the bottom of the trees. It is the same among the fur hairs.
10:50:51:06 - 10:51:16:16
To be protected from cold and withering on their leaves or stems some plants have got lots of hairs, which serve as fur.
Every silver colored poplar has got young leaves that from both sides are protected by hairs, that keep it warm.
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10:51:47:20 - 10:52:16:09
My dear star, Elechka,
Finally the spring is coming to us as well. However, there is no real southern heat that you get sometimes in Moscow, but the trees are coming into bloom. I have already cooked myself some nettle. The seagulls have already come. May be I shall soon walk outside without a fur coat. Where are you? I think you have forgotten about the fur coat already.
10:52:16:09 - 10:52:29:00
Last year I sent to you the drawings of berries. I am sending you some ash berry now. Up to March I have eaten these northern berries fresh. They were hanging behind the window during frosts and wouldn’t get spoilt.
10:52:31:20 - 10:53:00:15
I got your letter where you wrote about the holiday decorations in Moscow. I am so sorry I could not be with you in Moscow and see all that.
Do send me your new drawings. Write more often about your mother and yourself. Remember that your father is alone now and misses you. Do kiss your mother. With much love and kisses…
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10:53:07:12 - 10:53:30:05
Today is the time of a communication break through. But there are rumours that very soon the ship will call in port. The sea is close, though the harbour is covered with ice. While walking I talk with the Moon and ask her to send my love to my family. At this very moment she is shining to you and to me.
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10:54:31:00
Get into the train quickly, Klara Mikhailovna!
10:54:49:20
And where is Veniamin Iofe?...
All the best… Good-buy…
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10:55:15:04
When I will be backDon’t you laugh when I will be back.When I’ll flee, not touching the earth, through the winter snow, follow the hardly visible track back to refuge and warmth. And shuddering with joy I will turn to your quiet bird’s cry. When I will be back? Oh, when I will be back. <!--[if !supportEmptyParas]--> <!--[endif]-->Listen, listen to me, don’t laugh when I will be back.Straight from the station, bill settled with customs,Straight from the station I will come running to townThis town, so infernal, so paltry, so cheapWhich is my curse and on whose name I swearWhen I will be back? Oh, when I will be back. <!--[if !supportEmptyParas]--> <!--[endif]-->When I will be back I will go to the only house which has a dome more blue than the skywhere the scent of incense will overcome me hitting my heart like the smell of orphanage bread
When I will be back? Oh, when I will be back. <!--[if !supportEmptyParas]--> <!--[endif]-->When I will be back
will the nightingale then start to sing
That same old tune
The one that’s ancient, forgotten, well-worn?
My own victory will bring me to fall,
And with my head on your knees
I’ll find refuge and peace.
When I will be back… But when will I be back? <!--[if !supportEmptyParas]--> <!--[endif]-->
10:55:54:10
In the film letters, diaries and reminiscences by Y. Chirkov, V. Zotov, A. Snesarev, A. Vangengeim, A. Bobrishev-Pushkin were used.
10:56:01:02
Aleksey Vangengeim.
The Organizer and the first leader of the Unified hydrometeorological service of the country. The first flight to the North Pole and the first northern exhibitions were possible due to his work. Given the death penalty in Sandormokh.
10:56:12:14
Vladimir Zotov.
Convicted for the participation in the scouts’ movement. After being released from the Solovki he got married to Sofia Dobrova, Sonika. Collectected and published a unique story of the scout’s movement. Participated in the creation of the first Museum of Tziolkovsky in Russia.
10:56:25:17
Andrey Snesarev.
The veteran of the First World War, general, oriented studies lecturer, the creator and director of the Moscow Institute of Oriental Studies. Was released from the camp due to a severe illness.
10:56:36:13
Alexander Bobrishev–Pushkin.
Renowned lawyer, relative of the poet Pushkin and the descendant of the Decembrists. He returned from the emigration to Soviet Russia, possessed by a notion of saving his Motherland. Given the death penalty in Sandormokh.
10:56:54:17
Veniamin Iofe
This film is dedicated to a philosopher, historian and human rights campaigner, who sought and found the place where more than a thousand prisoners of the Solovetskii concentration camp lost their lives. Every year