Blood Ties

 

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Fade up from Black screen

Opening sequence with flag and pictures of murdered girls

Night Shots Buenos  Aires Traffic

Plaza De Mayo , Mothers office with Carousel in foreground

Various of Mother and Child Statue/Fountains

Buenos Aires

 

(Opening Music - Argentine Nursery Ryhme- Trad)

Gerrard Williams, Narrator

"For almost three decades it was swept under the carpet, the mass murder of a whole generation. The first democrats who followed the Military dictatorship felt it was best forgotten, gave amnesties to all those involved, and passed Laws to make sure they could never be prosecuted.

But in democracies Laws can be changed, more confident politicians no longer frightened of a strong military are repealing the amnesties. Finally, the people who made thousands of their countrymen disappear are having to face their past.They didn't just disappear - they were erased. 

Some were just children - teenagers. Others, grown-up and parents themselves, but always someone's son, someone's daughter.....

 

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Interview (Spanish Sot)

Estella De Carlotta, President, Grandmothers of the Plaza De Mayo

Mother with young Baby, Various Children playing in park, Buenos Aires

 

TITLE: BLOOD TIES

Mothers/Grandmothers weekly demonstration, Plaza De Mayo, Buenos Aires

Estella de Carlotta:

They put into practice what we now know as the doctrine of National Security an ideology, which was born in the pentagon of the United States and was implemented in all of Latin American Dictatorships and in Argentina of course.

So in Argentina, the armed forces aided and abetted by civilian accomplices who took power on the 24th of march 1976 put in place a very well organised plan of massacre, murder, kidnapping.

Gerrard Williams, Narrator

They murdered their sons and daughters and then they stole their grandchildren. Even in the history of civil war their actions were unconscionable.

But in their evil equation they hadn't included the maternal instinct, the power of motherhood.

 

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Pan up from Presidential Palace to Argentine Flag

 

Victoria Donda, Stolen at Birth .

Interview Spanish SOT

Still sequence (All rights cleared) Dirty War

The tenacity of women whose children and grandchildren vanished before their eyes. They tried killing some of them, beat and persecuted many others, but the men in charge knew nothing of women, nothing of love, nothing of family ties. They had no idea that the blood they spilled would one day return in living form.

Victoria Donda

What happened to me wasn't personal. They didn't do it, because they didn't like me when I was born, it was a systematic plan to rob the babies . And this systematic plan as well as many other things was taught to them in the school of the Americas, it wasn't just Argentina's military, there were many militaries from Latin America and there was a school that had been created by the US to control all the people of Latin America, because the military took power all over the continent.

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Victoria Donda

Interview (Spanish Sot)

Graphics and Library 

Sequence (all Rights cleared)

I think the problem with this was the minds of the people who planned it, Videla, Massera, Astiz. And out of their minds came a new idea, unique in world history, that the children of their enemies can be raised better, and differently. And the best place to raise them in their view was in the homes of collaborators and supporters.

Gerrard Williams, Narrator:

This was the perverse strategy of a brutal and corrupt military hell-bent on building a new Argentina, supported by the United States, trained and armed by the Pentagon. At the begining of March 1976 the men in uniform had had enough of what was degenerating into a fullscale civil war. For years both sides had committed atrocities, but President Isabella Peron was unable to control it and the political and economic situation in Argentina worsened.

 

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TV Set Graphic with File Material Inset

Graphic Sequence 

Kissinger and Ambassador, Rostrum of un-classified documents

On March 24 the commanders of the Armed forces deposed President Peron and instituted one of the bloodiest regimes in South American History 

(Up sound Radio announcement of Coup) .

In October 1976 Secretary of State Henry Kissinger and high-ranking US officials gave their full support to the Argentine military junta and urged them to hurry up and finish the "dirty war" before the U.S. Congress cut military aid. Secret documents, now unclassified, detail a meeting between Argentine foreign minister, Guzzetti - and Kissinger himself on October 7. Secretary of State Kissinger interrupted the Foreign Minister's report on the situation in Argentina and said:

Artist V/O: 

"Look, our basic attitude is that we would like you to succeed. I have an old-fashioned view that friends ought to be supported. What is not understood in the United States is that you have a civil war. We read about human rights problems but not the context. The quicker you succeed the better...

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File B/w Photo

Gen.Jorge Videla

Mothers marching in Plaza De mayo

Cleared File Material

Videla addressing crowds

Reconstruction Sequence, Ford Falcon

 

Narrator Gerrard Williams:

For almost three decades these child stealing monsters got away with it..... but now the children of the disappeared and their grandmothers , finally backed by a government willing at last to confront the awful truths of Argentina's bloody recent past, are closing in.Among the estimated thirty three thousand civilians murdered in Argentina's dirty war, more than 500 pregnant women and girls simply disappeared. 

The military's calling card - locally made green unmarked Ford Falcon cars - sent terror into the hearts of Argentina's opposition...

The mothers to be were tortured, kept alive, blindfolded while giving birth, and then killed.

Many other mothers were murdered in front of their children, the youngsters  were then either taken by the military or dumped in orphanages.

Not all of the children of the disappeared were raised by the guilty.

 

 

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Manuel Concalves, Son of the disappeared

Various of Manuel at Forensic Anthropology Conference, Buenos Aires, Being greeted by Estella De Carlotta

 

Manuel Goncalves,

Interview Spanish Sot

Manuel Goncalves mother  was murdered at her home, the police handed his elder brother to his grandparents but in the maelstrom that was the Argentine dictatorship he ended up in an orphanage and was later adopted by loving parents

Manuel:

Yes, I always knew I was an adopted kid, what I didn't know is why. I never thought I could be a son of a disappeared, recently I have been speaking to people who made statements and also to people who are parts of the team and they think many children that have doubts about their identity want to be children of the disappeared, mainly because of the massive publicity around it.

This is logical because when you are adopted, even though you have a perfectly loving family raising you,there's always a place inside of you that wants to find out if you were loved, why you were abandoned, and if you are a child of the disappeared all these doubts, not only fade away, but you realise the opposite was true. You were loved.

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Interview Estella De Carlotta (Spanish SOT)

Still Laura

Estella in Vision

Estella:

In 1976 I was the headmistress of a school in La Plata which is the capital of the province of Buenos Aires where I live now. My family was made up of my husband and I. He was a chemist and small businessman; I had four children two daughters, Laura the eldest Claudia, Guido and Remo. In 1976 both Laura and Claudia were married and lived independent lives.

Laura was very independent, self-confident, very strongwilled, I can say she was a girl who lived in a rush. She lived fast she had her first boyfriend by the time she was thirteen, with a boy that was a little bit older than her, and even though we as parents were against it because she was really young, she told me there are two options mum, you can accept that I am in love and that I love this guy and that you know where I am and what I do, or I can lie to you because if you don't accept it, I will carry on anyway because I love him and I will have to lie to you. You are the one to decide.

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Stills - Laura and Partner

Estella in Vision

Still StudentDemonstration

Estella in Vision

End Of Part One:

 

Of course we had to accept the relationship - they never got married, but stayed as partners, this shows you how firm she was in her decisions. I remember one of our last talks; I told her "Laura why don't you leave the country they are looking for you, they will kill you "

She told me, " Look Mum, I'm not doing anything that important but nobody wants to die we have a project of life all of us, my friends and myself, but we know thousands of us will die but our death will not be in vain".

Seeing such strong and sincere words and commitment in a twentyyear old girl, really made me deeply emotional and proud of these young people.

END OF PART ONE :

 

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Part Two:

(INTERIORS Church Buenos Aires) SOT

Interview Estella De Carlotta

Estella in Vision

Ford Falcon Reconstruction

Estella in Vision

"Aged" Footage of Flag

Changing ceremony at the Presidential Palace

 

PART TWO:

 

Estella:

I can say that on January the 13th 1977 we were mourning my mother who had died that morning, and watching through the window of the funeral home we saw a Ford Falcon car with no plates stop and open the door and three young people were pushed violently into the car and Laura was next to me and she said look mum, look mum, I'm going to save them, and I forbade her to leave because I told her they would take her too.

That was Laura for you, very impulsive, very generous, very committed, very brave, typical of her generation, because she was not the only one like this.

When the military dictatorship started political persecution and the time of state terrorism began student's political activities became very dangerous.

The kidnapped, because the

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0:16:47:08

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Estella in Vision

Still: Guido Carlotta

Estella in Vision

"Aged" Buenos Aires

Street Scenes

Still- Laura

 

word disappeared came about a lot later. In my personal case, the first person who was kidnapped by the dictatorship was my husband Guido, for being Laura and Claudia's father. They wanted to know where they were and that's why they kidnapped him for 25 days. They put him through savage torture; he was a diabetic and refused medicine. I paid a ransom fee, which was a lot of money at that time of 40,000 pesos; it was a lot of money to save his life. He came back in an absolute state, horribly tortured, he had lost 15 kilos but he was alive.

It was then that Laura, the eldest of my daughters, realised they were looking for her and she went into hiding. She took refuge in Buenos Aires where Claudia was living with her husband. We were always hoping that nothing would happen to them, we were always scared, but we were surprised by the lack of phone calls or letters from Laura, from the 16th of November 1976.

And indeed she and her partner had been kidnapped

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Estella in Vision

Still Laura

Estella In Vision

Night Time-lapse with Moon

Interview Victoria Donda: Sot Spanish

Speech

Still Victoria's Parents

 

in Buenos Aires and that's when my search for a second disappearance began, Laura and her partner. And my life changed terribly. I began to knock on doors and ask around where I thought they might be able to give me answers. Military officials a Bishop, prominent politicians and trade unionists, and always closed doors, blackmail, death and silence.

I decided to give up teaching and dedicate myself to finding Laura. She was 2 and half months pregnant at that time, so my search becomes two generational, my daughter, my son-in law and my grandchild. I did it alone, the same as I did for my husband. I did for Laura alone.

Victoria: At the end of 2003

I was approached by the grandmothers and the disappeared child's research team and they told me they were carrying out an investigation, and this investigation showed that there was a high possibility that I might be the daughter of a disappeared couple.

This meeting made me curious. I made my decision

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Victoria in Vision

Exteriors ESMA

Buenos Aires

Reconstruction sequence

 

the day the president took the ESMA away from the military and gave it to the human rights organisations so they can open a memory museum.

Gerrard Williams, Narrator:

Esma - The School for Naval Engineers - was just one of the 340 secret concentration camps in Argentina - but probably the most foul. Set amongst parkland, just 40 or so metres from a busy main road, The unassuming three-story building was home to the Naval task force 332. Run by professional career Military men, it was in these offices the security operations were planned, the victims tortured, and processed. 

Over five thousand of the 30,000 disappeared came through this building and were murdered. Dragged from the streets, usually into the military's favored Ford Falcons, the soon to be disappeared were hooded, handcuffed and shackled.

Once Inside ESMA's

 

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Esma Torture Area

 

Mix Sequence photos of tortured murder victims against shadows/Various of

Torture area

landscaped grounds the car parked at the back of a nondescript building that looks like a university dormitory. Still handcuffed, their legs in chains, the victim would have been taken into the west wing - down one flight of stairs into the center of the basement.

Now cleared while the building transforms into a memory museum, in this small space, there was a rest room for the guards, a bathroom and a room where documents of all kinds were forged: Phony birth certificates and Passports for more clandestine operations - forged ownership papers helped them steal property from their victims.

The men who worked in this basement lived in the same building as the victims, would sleep and eat and take care of the paperwork, then go about their task torturing the detainees.

All part of a day's work in 1970's Argentina.

The testimonies of the few

 

01:23:46:19

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Prisoner Art Work - La Cupacha

Various of Cupacha

Birthing Room - Esma

survivors of this 20th century dungeon show that a typical experience meant they would have been left hooded the whole time, never able to get their bearings, and subject to vicious attacks.They had electric shocks applied with a cattle prod, were burned, beaten, battered and abused.Many of the tortures were sexual in nature ... As they screamed, they heard cries of others being tortured nearby. They were fed almost nothing. 

When not being tortured they would be chained up in the roof of the building -La Cupacha, or in the very top of the roof known to the guards as the Cupachita.

It was here that Victoria Donda was born, given a new birth certificate, and a new name. And as "Analia" would leave this place of horror to be brought up at the home of Esma's second in command.He and his wife would raise her as their own for 25 years.

Victoria:

My Mum was in Esma the last time she was

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01:25:39:23

01:25:54:03

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Interview Victoria Donda (Spanish Speech)

Stills Victoria Reunited with her grandmother and real family

Victoria in Vision

Still: Adolfo Donda

Exteriors Esma

 

seen. When I was born, in order to recognise me, she put blue string braids in my hair because she thought they would take me to the nursery so she asked a fellow prisoner to help her put the braids in. So she did. My Grandmother told me she was going to call me Dolores, but that can mean sadness and is not a really pretty name, so I'm glad that this woman told me my mum had changed my name to Victoria. And to be named Dolores and to be born in the Esma would have been too much.

Gerrard Williams, Narrator

V/O: Victoria was to find out that her uncle, Adolfo Miguel Donda - also known as Geronimo - was one of the men in charge of Esma at the time. A documented murderer and torturer. 

He had been involved in the arrest of his own brother, Victoria's father and his

 

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Still Victoria's Father

Still Victoria's Mother

Newspaper Still of Adolfo Donda

Victoria in Vision

Exteriors Esma

Exteriors Art Works on Fence at Esma

Stills Victoria as baby with Raising Mother

Victoria at home with "family"photos

subsequent murder, and of that of his sister in law. He even adopted her older sister Danielle - fighting his own mother through the courts for custody.

 

Victoria:

He was working for the navy, I can't remember exactly his rank, but he was pretty senior, he was one of the Task force 332, working out of ESMA. He was working with Astiz. So when they took my mum to ESMA to give birth he was there.

He had an important role at ESMA. That's what I know, now what I think is that noone of such a high rank in the hierarchy can ignore that in that place his niece is being born .....

Gerrard Williams, Narrator

He was there as Victoria was handed over to the people she now calls her raising parents. Despite the horror of her

 

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Stills of Raising Parents with Victoria as Child (faces obscured)

Victoria as a child in swimming Pool

Victoria in Vision

News Magazine article about Victoria

Victoria Looking at 

Family Photos

birth, Victoria loves the people she still calls mum and dad. She asked for us not to identify them in this film.

She tells of a happy childhood, and how when she told them she knew about her past, they said it had taken a huge burden from them.

Victoria:

My feelings didn't change. I think that the love one feels doesn't change that easily, I don't know people who have many children and love one more than the others...I consider both of them my mothers and both of them my fathers.

Gerrard Williams, Narrator:

She admits there were rows, but describes them as like any in a normal family. Now training to be a lawyer she is helping defend her raising mother as she faces charges of child stealing...

Victoria:

I knew I wasn't her child, she never told me I was her child, it's not like I was mistaken all the time, if I asked where I was born she wouldn‘t say that she had given me birth.

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Victoria in Vision

Still of Victoria as a 

child with raising 

father

End of Part 2

 

She never told me she was my biological mother. She never told me I was adopted, but she never said I was her biological daughter either, I'm not sure if I'm making it clear...the truth is she's having a much harder time than I am be cause I was lucky to find my background being the politically aware person that I am, I was able to analyse what happened, my mum couldn't do this, that's why she's having a hard time. My Dad is in a psychiatric hospital, when I found out the truth, he shot himself, he was wounded and was sent to a psychiatric hospital so it's impossible to interview him even though I would be okay about it. As far as my father is concerned, he made a choice.

But in my mum's case, she didn't make a choice, because she didn't know. She didn't know. If you don't know how to read and if somebody tells you that he adopted a baby, you accept it.

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01:30:48:17

 

Part three

Exteriors Esma

Graphic Sequence:

Argentine Naval Plane

B/W Atlantic Ocean

Cross at Boca Harbour

 

Gerrard Williams, Narrator:

The grounds of the Esma concentration camp soon filled with the bodies of the disappeared. A new plan was needed to get rid of them. They called it Transportation. In the basement, their victims were injected with enough drugs to make them semiconscious, then dragged outside and thrown in a truck with up to 20 others. Driven to a nearby airport, pushed into a small plane, stripped naked. Then, when the plane was at several thousand feet over the Atlantic Ocean, they were thrown out.

Bodies were regularly washed ashore and lie buried in unnamed graves. 

One convicted torturer claimed that a Naval chaplain based at ESMA told him that this was "a Christian death, because the victims didn't suffer, because it wasn't traumatic."

A senior officer at ESMA, Adolfo Scilingo testified that 4800 people were disposed of by what became known as doorless

 

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Still Scilongo in Uniform

Exterior ESMA FenceArtwork

Still Scilongo in Court/Graphic

Exterior Esma FenceArt Work

Time lapse street sequence with people disappearing

Manuel Goncalves at Forensic Conference

Manuel in Vision

Still Manuel with Brother and Child/CU 

as above

flights. He is currently serving 30 years, the legally applied limit, although he was sentenced to 640, in a Spanish prison after being convicted of crimes against humanity. 

But some victims did survive, the children taken by the regime, born in the most inhuman conditions, stolen at Birth, and either orphaned or given to junta supporters to bring up.

Of the 500 such cases - at the time of writing only 85 babies - now in their late 20's have been found. 

For Manuel Goncalves it happened one day just after his nineteenth birthday. A stranger appeared at his home, a forensic anthropologist.

Manuel:

He told me things that were very hard to take in at that time. He gave me the most important facts; he didn't go into detail, as that was impossible.

From then on I started to get to know my biological family and to bond with them.

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Manuel in Vision

Stil Manuel and Brother

Manuel in Vision

Pan to Estella in Audience listening

Manuel in Vision

 

The thing is we didn't do the DNA test right away so I will always remember that the day before I had the test I was talking to my newly discovered brother, because we are supposed to go together to the Duran hospital for the blood test and I told him what if I'm not?

Because we had already gotten to know each other, we were already acting almost as a family even though we didn't have the scientific proof, and he was very sure and he told me you are, you are, you are but I was very scared at not being the one, because at that moment I had accepted it.

There were many things that I could still not understand, that I still can't, but I accepted that I was that person.

Plus we had created a link between us and I didn't want to lose it, so I decided I would be that person. The problem would be if I weren't the person who had been through many places, which I was not aware of. So I was asking who am I?

My grandmother was also certain that I was him. So we went to the hospital and there, as always joking with my brother, we left our blood.

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Split Screen DNA

Testing Lab/Manuel and Graphics sequence

Manuel in Vision

Estella in Vision

 

We waited quite some time before getting out of the hospital because we were supposed not to eat before the test so after they took the blood we stopped to grab a bite to eat and ate it on the pavement outside. We didn't wait that long before getting the result but for me it seemed ages. I remember I went to the grandmother's office and Claudia Carlotto sat me down and read me a very long document with the results of the blood tests. At the end of it she said, it was 99.9999 per cent positive that .... And she stopped and I said this is not one hundred percent .... It's impossible to get a 100% match, so I calm down and that is the moment I realize I was the one.

Estella:

My grandson, Laura's child was born on June 16th 1978, I can tell this because there was a witness with Laura in the concentration camp and there were other eyewitness such as a soldier who was asked to look after this "subversive" who was about to have a child and if she tried to escape he was ordered to kill her.

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Film Clip "Cautiva"

Birth Sequence- rights cleared

Estella in Vision

Stills – Witch Cachabacha - all rights cleared

Estella in Vision

 

This story was told to me by the soldier many years after that. He was born on the 16th of June 1978 in the central military hospital in Buenos Aires. So they took her from La Plata to have the child here in Buenos Aires in hospital. This soldier has to watch over her, he saw her and he recognised her later. He tells me that she had a little boy and she only stayed with her son for a few hours. After his birth they took her out of the hospital while she was asleep and took her back to La Cacha (the stadium, a clandestine prison).

 

This concentration camp where Laura was held for nine months was called La Cacha (the cage) that was very cynical because back then there was a cartoon about a witch with a magic wand who would make people disappear and this witch was called the Witch Cachabacha.

This place was named La Cacha after this witch, because there they were making people disappear

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Reconstruction

Sequence

Estella in Vision

 

In the early hours of August 25th 1978 they took her way from the camp with another prisoner and they tell her they will free her and she is about to meet her family.

But she realises that she is going to be killed because she's with another prisoner and doesn't think they'll free both of them. She says goodbye to the prisoners left in the camp and as a matter of fact at 1.40 am on August 25th 1978 they kill her. In a road in the suburbs of Buenos Aires. On the very same day the police call us and ask us to come over, my husband and myself, without telling us the reason why.

It was to give us Laura's body. The body was in a hearse and the other prisoner's body was there as well. Laura's face was all bruised, I couldn't see because my husband and my brother wouldn't let me.

They had to sign a few papers and take the body away with them. When I asked, I was very upset because of course when the commissioner told me my daughter was dead, because I called them murderers that she was being held as a prisoner with my grandson.

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End of Part Three

 

Part Four

Military Statue Buenos Aires

Various of Memorial Park, Buenos Aires

 

The commissioner didn't say anything, he just said the army told me to give you the body so just sign the papers and take it away. So I had "the privilege" that I was given back the body of my daughter, but I still haven't lost my determination to go on fighting. So my daughter was killed and my grandson was missing.

Gerrard Williams, Narrator

Detentions, torture and summary execution are common practices of state terrorism everywhere and continue today in Iraq and other places. 

But in 1970's Latin America a new phenomenon began - a mechanism of spreading terror throughout society: the "disappearances"."Disappearances" were designed to terrorize "subversives" by making them fear the worst, the unknown, but they also served to keep the families in constant anguish and terror.

A "disappearance" has two stages:

 

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Artwork on Fence outside Esma

Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo Marching

Heart Artwork outsideMilitary Building, Buenos Aires

Mothers office with carousel in foreground

First you kidnap someone, or a whole family, and take them to a secret detention center to be interrogated, tortured, and eventually and most likely killed. Then when surviving family members begin searching for them and asking questions, you deny they were ever taken. The reign of terror falls not only on the now "disappeared", but also on the people looking for them.

They're made to feel shame and threatened, and told not to go looking for them, because if they have been taken, it was probably for a reason....

The practice of "disappearing" people was carried out by all the military dictatorships throughout South and Central America. Across the continent many groups were formed to try to find the "disappeared. The majority of these organizations were formed by women who had never been involved in politics and simply demanded to know where their missing loved ones were.

 

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Mothers weekly march

Memorial Park Buenos Aires

The Mothers and Grandmothers of Plaza de Mayo still march 30 years after the start of the dictatorship and 23 years after the transition to democracy.For these brave women, the "disappeared" were taken alive and have to be returned alive - although that can never be.It is described like living with a ghost; they are not dead, but they are not alive either. The idea that some day they might return does not allow for them to be dead.

They are referred to by their state of being, by using a verb that didn't exist until the 1970's , when someone was first "disappeared" by someone else.More than Thirty thousand people - a whole generation - were "disappeared" in seven years of military rule. 

But some of the disappeared are still alive and still missing... the children stolen at birth.It's the dictatorships most cruel and lasting legacy.

 

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Statue in Plaza De Mayo

Wide Plaza de mayo

Still Estella circa 1977

Still: Grandmothers protest circa 1977

Still: Grandmothers protest circa 1978

Estella in Vision

Mothers Marching

Interiors Law Faculty

Hall of Justice, Buenos 

Aires

 

Estella:

Someon