TITLE: "Benazir Bhutto - Daughter of Power .... A Film by Philip Selkirk"
00:00 Philip Selkirk, Dubai
„How much time have we got?"
Benazir Bhutto, Dubai
„An hour.
Am I right?
00:05 Philip Selkirk, Dubai
„Possibly more?"
00:07 Benazir Bhutto, Dubai
„If you need. We'll see."
Philip Selkirk, Dubai
„Are we rolling?"
00:07 Benazir Bhutto, Dubai
„But you'll find you won't need it.
Anyway shall we start?"
00.27 Larkana - a town in the province of Sind in the south of Pakistan.
Here lie the roots of Benazir Bhutto. For many generations her family has lived here.
But for several years Benazir's home has been somewhere very different.
00.48 Forced to leave Pakistan, she finds exile in Dubai.
00.59 At the family seat of the Bhuttos in Pakistan, people for many years awaited the return of the lady of the manor, and hoped that through her and her family, life would return to its proper course.
01:32 Benazir Bhutto, Dubai 2005
„I grew up with the firm belief that a woman could have everything. A woman could have a career. A woman could have a home and a woman could have her children. So had this firm belief. And I aimed to reach it. And by the grace of God I did. But I do know that if you want to be successful in your career you really have to go the extra mile."
01.58 The Bhuttos belong to the country's feudal ruling class.
The family is one of the largest and most powerful in the Province of Sind.
02:12 Benazir Bhutto, Dubai
„In Pakistan wealth and poverty exist side by side. So, one always sees it. I would see it all the time and the people who came to our homes and there was enormous poverty in Larkana. We had to track to Larkana every winter and spend time there and to get to know our people. And when we went with my father the people would be barefoot and their feet would be caked with mud. Their hair would be matted. They were shirtless. They were shoeless. These were my father's words. He would say to me: ‘Look out of the window. Look at the people who are shoeless. These are the people whom you have to help.' And he used to say: It's wrong that such enormous wealth should coexist with such enormous poverty.
And he would always say: ‘We have to eliminate poverty, bridge the gap and he used to say: ‘create a middle-class.'"
03.11 When British India was partitioned in 1947 the province fell to the newly created country of Pakistan-today the second largest Moslem country in the world with over 150 million inhabitants.
03.25 In those days the Bhuttos presided over lands the size of Luxemburg. A significant part of that land still belongs to them.
03.35 For centuries the Bhuttos, as the feudal masters, dominated the politics of the region.
03.44 Benazir's grandfather, Sir Shahnawaz Bhutto, was one of the first to break with the feudal system, a system that holds back the development of the country.
04:01 Benazir Bhutto, Dubai
"My grandfather was one of the largest landowners of Sindh province and my family traced its roots back to the Arab conquest of Sindh in 712 AD."
04.18 For decades, the Bhuttos only married Bhuttos. That was the best way to keep the family's lands intact.
They took care first to marry a cousin, and with her they produced the legitimate children.
Then the woman was cut off from the outside world and the men took additional wives.
Even in this upper class, the sons were not always sent to school, let alone the daughters.
But the Bhuttos did not conform to this practice.
04.47 Benazir's father, Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, studies in the USA and at Oxford.
In Pakistan he becomes a lawyer, then a minister in the cabinet of the military ruler of the time.
Benazir's mother Nusrat is Iranian and comes from a wealthy industrial family which was always internationally minded.
05.10 Benazir was born on 21st June 1953 in Karachi. The eldest of four children.
05.20 In Pakistani society sons are significantly more highly valued than daughters.
Benazir's father has different values. The influence of the West is strong.
05:27 Abdul Razak Soomro, former ambassador under Benazir Bhutto
"He lived like a lord!
I remember there was a rating among the well-dressed people and he was rated as one of the best-dressed people in the world.
He enjoyed clubs, he lived life, he enjoyed people and functions in his own house. He wanted to see people living a really good life."
05.59 Her father becomes foreign minister. He is regarded as arrogant.
06:06 Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, Benazir's father
"It was Pakistan that was a victim of aggression. And I'm not referring here to some of these remarks made by countries which have no right to be here. There are not even countries.
But I am referring to the great powers. I am referring to all peace-loving countries. I'm referring to those who believe in the cause of justice, in the cause of righteousness."
06.31 After six years serving the military regime, Zulfikar Ali Bhutto resigns.
He founds the "Pakistan Peoples Party", the PPP, which he leads to power.
He gives the appearance of being the champion of the peasantry and the vulnerable in society.
The Party is very populist in its approach and addresses the broad mass of the population.
In 1971 Bhutto becomes President and two years later also Prime Minister. However his policies do not benefit only the people
Because he has nationalised much of industry and the banks, Ministers can help themselves to large slices of credit. The people see nothing of all the money that is in circulation.
Benazir does not hear much about all this. She is receiving a somewhat protected upbringing.
07.16 Narmeen Hasan Khan, friend from schooldays
"She was a good student but, like I said, the anecdotes were that she was always trying to do something funny in class. I mean, I will always remember her having the stink bombs, squeaky cushions and things like that, you know. And another thing which we all remember was that she was the first to come in a paper dress. It was something new! She walked in and I said ‘What are you wearing?' It was a paper dress. So?"
07.44 Like the daughters of other prominent families, Benazir is sent to boarding school and later she attends a convent in Karachi.
07:58 Narmeen Hasan Khan, friend from schooldays
"It was a good and enlightened school and the nuns were very good. They were strict, they brought us discipline.
This way we know the Christian faith, too. Like if you tell me, I still know all the prayers."
08:17 Benazir Bhutto, Dubai
"I come from a Muslim family and obviously we had teachings. My mother taught me my prayers. We had a tutor who taught us the Holy Book of the Muslims and we used to read it. But it was very ritualistic."
08.29 Through their international connections the Bhuttos are much more open to the world than most members of their social class.
08:36 Benazir Bhutto, Dubai "We grew up in a particular tradition. And then we are exposed to ideas of modernity. We tried to combine both together to fashion our own identities."
08:49 Even her mother was a member of the National Assembly.
08:56 Benazir Bhutto, Dubai "She was the first person in Karachi who was a lady to drive a car. And this was very shocking to most people that a lady should be driving a car. And yet my mother was brought up to believe that the goal of a woman was to get married, to have a good husband, to get a good home, and rear good children. So my mother was simply horrified at the prospect that my father wanted to send me to university and I'd be an old maid by the time I returned in my mid-twenties and nobody would want to marry me."
09.28 Benazir is 16 when her father sends her to Harvard University in the USA. She studies politics and history.
09:38 Benazir Bhutto, Oxford
"It is interesting that the person who insured that I would break loose of the constraints of my culture and gender was not a woman but a man.
09.51 She exchanges traditional Pakistani dress for jeans and t-shirts and goes to pop concerts and parties - something unthinkable for most young women from Pakistan.
10:03 Benazir Bhutto, Dubai
"It was very much a sort of laid back atmosphere and we were there to develop as people rather than there just to get academic excellence."
10.13 Like many other young women she takes up the cause of gender equality.
She becomes increasingly self confident and she overcomes her shyness.
10:22 Benazir Bhutto, Oxford
"It was the first time in my life that I was in an environment where women were treated as full participants in society."
10.34 Benazir also demonstrates against the war in Vietnam and against American interference in the internal affairs of other countries.
10:43 Benazir Bhutto, Oxford
"I saw the power of people. I saw the power of people changing policies, changing leaders and changing history.
It was that early experience that perhaps more than anything else that shaped my political being."
11.04 Periodically she leaves Harvard.
Her father likes to have her with him on his official visits abroad.
In assisting him she acquires her first experience of world affairs.
11.17 She even accompanies her father to his meeting with India's prime minister, Indira Ghandi
11:22 Benazir Bhutto, Oxford
"I met Mrs. Gandhi in 1972 when I accompanied my father to Simla. And I remember then I was a teenager. I was 18 or 19 years old and I was wearing my first sari and I was very concerned that I might trip over the sari and I would come undone in front of all the international photographers. But I saw Mrs. Gandhi looking at me from under her eye. And I think, in a way, she was reminded of her own relationship with her father."
11.54 After graduating from Harvard, Benazir goes to the University of Oxford.
She attends the women's college of Lady Margaret Hall and studies philosophy, politics and economics.
Here she has care free years- ‘the best time of my life' - as she says later.
12.14 She learns quickly how to win people over. Her lavish parties in Oxford are great social events.
12.26 But in spite of all the parties, tennis tournaments, picnics and rowing regattas, Benazir drives herself hard academically.
12:38 Benazir Bhutto, Dubai
"In England I learnt to work under stress. And I learnt to cope with stress. And I learnt to be able to succeed under stress."
12.47 There are many societies and clubs at Oxford. The Oxford Union, a debating society, is immensely important for her.
12:55 Benazir Bhutto, Oxford
"I became the first foreign woman to be elected as President of the Oxford Union. It was my first election, my first victory. I had been told that as a foreigner I could not win and should not run. I had been told that as a woman I could not win and should not run. But I did run and I did win and I learnt a valuable lesson: Never acquiesce to obstacles especially those that are constructed of bigotry, intolerance and inflexible tradition. I also learnt another critical lesson in life - to follow my own political instincts."
13.43 In Oxford she strongly develops her public speaking skills. These will be a great asset to her later.
Scotland Yard has to provide security for Benazir as her father's enemies have supporters even at Oxford.
13:57 Benazir Bhutto, Dubai
"I learnt to take risks and not be frightened of defeat."
14.03 After her studies Benazir returns to Pakistan. She prepares herself for a career and works at first for her father.
14:14 Benazir Bhutto, Oxford
"I was going to come back to London as ambassador and give the best parties that anyone in London had ever given."
14.22 A suitable position for her is sought in her father's party, one that would enable her to quickly learn the essentials of political life.
14:29 Raja Anwar, former adviser to her father
"Mr. Bhutto told me that Benazir is back and ‘What do you think?'. I said: ‘Sir, I think she is a young lady and she has done politics in Oxford, too, and she should then take over as advisor for youth affairs.' He said: ‘OK. The idea is not bad. But you'll have to work with her till she knows the people - who's who in the party, in the students' wing of the party.'"
15.04 Benazir's father is meanwhile right in the middle of an election campaign.
15.10 He himself had ordered fresh elections. He wants to settle the issue of his mandate and achieve an absolute majority.
He could have easily achieved this objective, but because he wants to be absolutely sure he rigs the elections.
He is accused of wanting to set up a civil dictatorship.
15:22 Syed Tirmazi, former secret service officer
"At the crisis situation that he took over the country in 1971 I think he really lifted the country up. There's absolutely no doubt about it. Anyone with lesser stature would not have been able to do that. But then he couldn't take it forward. He couldn't take it forward. He very soon, he lost that grip over the public."
15.49 Riots break out. They are so violent that Bhutto declares a state of emergency in some cities.
Religious groups and former political allies form a powerful front against Benazir's father. They pave the way for a coup for the military to seize power.
16.06 The leader of this putsch is General Zia ul-Haq - Bhutto's own chief of staff.
16:11 Syed Tirmazi, former secret service officer
"He as an intelligent person that Mr. Bhutto was - and a genius, he should have appreciated what were the forces that were moving against him."
16.24 The general declares a state of emergency throughout the country.
In July 1977 Benazir's father is removed from office for election rigging and soon afterwards he's arrested.
16.36 Zia ul-Haq promises fresh elections, but very few believe that this will happen.
16.42 Benazir fights for the release of her father and organises rallies which are soon banned.
The prospects are not good.
16:49 Raja Anwar, former adviser to her father
"The party was over.
She was the only source of inspiration, along with her mother, to bring the party cadres against General Zia's dictatorship."
17.03 Benazir's mother meanwhile takes over the running of the PPP while her husband remains in prison.
Benazir is still too young for such responsibility but she learns from her mother.
Has General Zia really only acted in order to restore calm to the country?
Will he release Benazir's father?
17:20 Benazir Bhutto, Dubai
"Fear leads to hate and he feared my father's popularity. He overthrew my father's government. He arrested my father. When he freed my father he thought that the charges that he had concocted against my father would make him unpopular amongst the people. It didn't happen. My father visited Lahore. And all of Lahore came out to greet him. And when General Zia saw the huge tide of people he ordered his arrest on a murder charge. And my father was bailed out immediately by an honest judge. So, General Zia then sacked that judge and rearrested my father on a murder charge."
18.00 The trial of her father on charges of alleged incitement to murder opens.
Although still only 24, Benazir wants to show herself the political equal of her mother.
18.09 The judges hearing the Bhutto case are unbiased. But the situation becomes increasingly critical.
18.15 Benazir's brothers are studying abroad.
From there they try to mobilise the international community against General Zia.
He however remains unyielding.
18.24 Will the father ever have his whole family around him again?
18.33 The prisoner is not surprised by the turn of events in Pakistan. He long ago anticipated this would happen.
18:39 Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, Benazir's father
"I make a pledge to you. I make a solemn pledge to you that I'll serve you with all my heart and soul. I'll serve you even if it kills me."
18.50 Up to now the Pakistani people have abandoned every leader who has fallen from power.
Will it be different this time? Or will Benazir's father also be cast aside?
His daughter provides the international press with news and information.
She calls for strikes, demonstrations and prayers.
19.10 She is, as a consequence, imprisoned with increasing frequency. The purpose is to wear her out and extinguish her protest activity.
19.19 Meanwhile her father is condemned to death in the High Court in Lahore.
19.25 The military ruler receives appeals for clemency from all over the world, including from the President of the United States.
19.34 But what does the USA really think about events in Pakistan?
19:37 Syed Tirmazi, former secret service officer
"His policies like Pakistan getting the nuclear technology, his slogan of the Third World, his efforts to bring the Islamic countries together - these were the three force areas in which Bhutto was working. And the Americans felt threatened."
20.02 Bhutto had once declared that the Pakistani people would if it was necessary "eat grass" in order to acquire the atomic bomb. The Americans didn't like this at all.
20:13 Benazir Bhutto, Dubai
"Dr. Kissinger actually was a friend of my father's and respected him greatly and he tried to warn him as a friend that it would be unacceptable if Pakistan developed a nuclear device or nuclear technology.
So he said: ‘You are my friend. I don't want you to be made a horrible example of. And so you should not develop a nuclear device.
20:35 Syed Tirmazi, former secret service officer
"I think that the Americans were determined to get rid of Mr. Bhutto. That's it. As simple as that. One sentence. They were determined that Bhutto should not be there.
20.54 Benazir's father knows that he has no chance of escaping execution.
21.00 And both Benazir and her mother are back in detention.
21.09 On 3rd April 1979 the daughter is allowed to visit her father for the last time.
21.18 Benazir travels from cell to cell to her father.
21.27 The two would like to embrace for a last time.
But the prison guards will not permit it.
21.40 That night Zulfikar Ali Bhutto is hanged in the District Prison of Rawalpindi.
Benazir is at that moment in her cell.
21:55 Benazir Bhutto, Dubai
"We just said goodbye and we left. But my father told me to give his love to my brothers and my sister who were away. My father told me I could go abroad and I could live abroad; that I'd suffered, I'd been in prison; that I was a young girl. He didn't want my life to be marred.
And, ultimately, he said to me: ‘Don't be bitter.' He said ‘I don't want life to make you bitter.
22.27 Her father's body is brought to the family seat of the Bhuttos for burial.
22.38 Three days after the execution Benazir is allowed to leave prison and pay her last respects to her father.
21:55 Benazir Bhutto, Dubai
"We just said goodbye and we left. But my father told me to give his love to my brothers and my sister who were away. My father told me I could go abroad and I could live abroad; that I'd suffered, I'd been in prison; that I was a young girl. He didn't want my life to be marred.
And, ultimately, he said to me: ‘Don't be bitter.' He said ‘I don't want life to make you bitter.
22.28 Her father's body is brought to the family seat of the Bhuttos for burial.
22.39 Three days after the execution Benazir is allowed to leave prison and pay her last respects to her father.
22:47 Benazir Bhutto, Dubai
"I used to dream of my father. I would have so many dreams that would recur that I would say ‘Oh, but I thought they had killed you. I am so happy to see that it was wrong and that you're alive. And it was really a huge recurrence and then I would wake up in the mornings and I would be much sadder because I had realized that it had only been a dream.
When he first was killed I could smell his perfume, the scent. It would just come and go and it was, you know, I feel a little bit dotty repeating these things because they are not very rational but I had a very strong connection with my father. He was only 50 when he was murdered and when I turned 50 I realized how young that really is."
23:41 Abdul Razak Soomro, ex-ambassador under Benazir Bhutto
"After the execution they were not permitted to come out from the jail. They remained for long time in detention. So nobody knew whether they were weeping by themselves or all by themselves or... We first saw them after a long time when they came out for some time only. Then again they were being taken into custody. It was a long time detention for years. It was not days or months or a year or two."
24.17 Seven weeks after the death of her father Benazir is allowed for the first time to leave prison together with her mother.
24.22 They return home but are not left in peace.
23.26 Over a period of five years she is alternately placed under house arrest and imprisoned.
24:32 Benazir Bhutto, Dubai
"In solitary confinement the regime took everything away from me. They took things away like - I couldn't get pens, writing paper, magazines, radio, TV, nothing! People. I was just there alone. But what they couldn't take away from me was my communication with God. So in that sense, I was spiritually enriched during that period and it was my faith in God that gave me the strength and fortitude to face the vicissitudes of life."
25.06 December 1979: Benazir and her mother are still in detention when Soviet troops march into neighbouring Afghanistan.
Pakistan supports the Americans in the campaign against the invaders.
25.18 Overnight General Zia is transformed from despised dictator to freedom loving ally of the USA.
In the West the execution of Benazir's father falls gradually into oblivion.
25.31 Benazir's mother contracts cancer.
In 1982 she is permitted to travel to Europe for treatment.
25.42 Benazir is now entirely alone in prison.
On her brief periods of release, she resumes the leadership of the party.
It is far from easy, as she is almost totally isolated from the regime.
She is accused of working against Pakistan's traditions and culture.
26:01 Benazir Bhutto, Dubai
"My father always thought that I should go into politics. My father always said ‘My daughter will make me more proud than Indira made her father Nehru in neighbouring India. So, my father always had the idea that I was a chip of the block and that I would follow in his footsteps. But I never wanted to go into politics."
26.23 But her ambitions are about to change.
Her brothers are still abroad.
Will they assume the mantle of their father, or will they leave the field to their sister?
26:33 Jehangir Bader, Secretary General of „Pakistan People's Party"
"Shaheed (martyr) Zulfikar Ali Bhutto had got the ability and the vision to judge that she will be the leader in the coming political scenario of Pakistan. He had appreciated more his daughter than his sons. And that was the God gifted quality which she has got and look at the vision of Shaheed Zulfikar Ali Bhutto: that she proved it afterwards also. She proved it. And she is still proving it. Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto had wider and very strong acceptability by the Pakistan People Party workers and by the masses."
27:17 Raja Anwar, former adviser to her father
"If you find a drum beater in the street who is beating the drum, he has been beating this drum for the last 5 0 0 0 years. If you see a shoemaker: he has been doing this job for the last 5 0 0 0 years. I mean, there is not a big change in the society. Politics run in the family, drumbeaters run in the family, shoemakers run in the family. So these traditions are - the Subcontinent is still ridden with these past traditions.
Ms. Bhutto is accepted in those traditions as the heir to Mr. Bhutto."
28.00 Benazir wishes to become one of the great women of the Subcontinent, in the manner of India's Indira Ghandi. She wishes to lead Pakistan.
But as long as she stays in the country she lacks the means to work for the downfall of the regime's leader. She has to go abroad.
Furthermore she has suffered for years from an inner ear condition. She has always feared the possibility of being operated on in Pakistan by military doctors.
She submits a request to leave the country on health grounds.
28.32 Her brothers also wish to avenge the death of their father.
28.35 The elder brother, Murtaza, tries using terrorist methods to topple the military regime. But this is a failure.
28.43 Benazir proceeds with more subtlety.
In early 1984 she is permitted to travel to London.
After 5 years in prison she is at last free!
28.53 Many Pakistanis in exile support the daughter of the martyr Bhutto.
At that time 400.000 Pakistanis live in Britain.
29.05 Party supporters rally round their young leader and ensure she has everything she needs.
29.11 Benazir sets up her base in the Barbican Centre, a block of luxury apartments.
Her she can recover from the rigours of the past five years.
29:24 Benazir Bhutto, Oxford
"I'm a daughter of the East who was educated and spent significant parts of her life in the West. In a sense, I'm a bridge of two cultures, two worlds and two pasts."
29.48 Benazir prepares her return to Pakistan, in order to expel the dictator from power.
She makes the journey rather earlier than she expected.
29.58. In July 1985 Benazir's younger brother Shahnawaz is found dead from poisoning in France. His death remains a mystery to this day.
30.08 Benazir suspects it is the work of the Pakistan secret service.
She is permitted to return to Pakistan for the burial.
Benazir wishes to remain in the country but the regime compels her to return immediately to London.
30:31 Benazir Bhutto, Dubai
"We had very powerful enemies. And our enemies tried to eliminate us. They tried to destroy us. I remember once being told by somebody that they were sitting with an intelligence officer who said after my brother's death that it's not enough. ‘You have to eliminate each and everyone of them.'"
30.55 But she doesn't give up. She is determined to become prime minister.
Opponents of the regime help her to prepare her return.
And her "Pakistan People's Party" mobilises the masses to give her a rousing welcome.
31.10 In April 1986 the moment is right.
Benazir is given a triumphant reception.
Her return takes place because General Zia has been put under pressure by the USA. The end of the war in Afghanistan is in sight and the dictator is now not so useful.
More than one million people welcome Benazir in Lahore. There are great expectations of her.
(31:37 "Karachi, 1987")
31:37 Raja Anwar, former adviser to her father
"Her mother suggested her a Sindhi, big feudal lord's son as a match for her."
31:48 Benazir Bhutto, Dubai
"Every time I came back for the summer my mother would try to arrange my marriage."
31:52 Raja Anwar, former adviser to her father
"She did not take her mother's suggestions very well."
31:57 Narmeen Hasan Khan, friend from schooldays
"She had insisted that ‘When you leave London this time you have to choose someone."
32:02 Asif Ali Zardari, husband
"Actually we didn't really meet. We were made to meet."
32:05 Narmeen Hasan Khan, friend from schooldays
"She said: ‘Come to London. I think something's happening."
32:09 Asif Ali Zardari, husband
"We met at a dinner which was hosted for her by a family member. That's the first time we ever met."
32:15 Narmeen Hasan Khan, friend from schooldays
"She came to me and said, very excited, that ‘I'm engaged, I'm engaged.' So, I said ‘Aha'..."
32:23 Benazir Bhutto, Dubai
"And then we had a six months engagement in which both of us had the opportunity not to marry if we felt that we were unsuitable."
32:37 Asif Ali Zardari, husband
"Why does she choose me but rather somebody else?"
32:39 Narmeen Hasan Khan, friend from schooldays
"Why did you pick up Asif Ali Zardari compared to all the other suitors?"
32:49 Narmeen Hasan Khan, friend from schooldays
"She says: ‘Because of his humour. I liked his humour. He had a sense of humour. That's why I picked him up.'"
33:01 Asif Ali Zardari, husband
"We had similar backgrounds. We came from the same province. We were indirectly related also.
33:12 Benazir Bhutto, Dubai
"In love marriages love comes first and then goes. But in an arranged marriage respect comes first and then love grows."
33:30 Benazir Bhutto, Dubai
"I was always puzzled when people said as a modern woman ‘How could you have an arranged marriage' but then I realized that for most people in the West arranged meant forced. But mine was not a forced marriage."
33:48 Asif Ali Zardari, husband
"I knew exactly who she was, what she was and how it would be. Of course nobody can always imagine the future."
34:00 After nine years of dictatorship, General Zia finally announces new elections for November 1988.
He thinks that the pregnant Benazir is due to give birth in December and so will not be able to campaign.
But Benazir's doctor has falsified the data. In reality the birth is due for September. There is in fact enough time for her to campaign.
34:19 Abdul Razak Soomro, former ambassador under Benazir Bhutto
"One could see with open eyes that Zia Ul-Haq was threatened and obviously she had come as a great challenge."
34.33 The General is losing increasingly the support of the USA- and of the population.
34.39 Benazir's campaign machine is running at high speed. The electorate is getting excited.
35.01 It all boils down to one simple question: the General or Benazir?
Other opposition groups barely make any impact.
35:06 Imran Khan, Opposition politician
"The way of ruling Pakistan was through the own personality. And that's really been the problem of Pakistani politics throughout her inception that we haven't strengthened institutions but we have strengthened individuals."
35.24 The people want a fresh start. They are sick of the tyranny under the General.
35.30 In Pakistan insulting the Koran can be punished with life imprisonment and blasphemy carries the death sentence.
The General's objective is to make Pakistan into an Islamic state.
35.42 He leads a barbarous regime which uses torture and killing.
35:55 Benazir Bhutto, Dubai
"I believe what you give you get. So if you give good you get good, if you give bad you get bad."
36.03 In August 1988 General Zia is killed in a mysterious air crash.
36.11 The moment of destiny has come for Benazir.
36:16 Benazir Bhutto, Dubai
"It could have only been one of Zia's own men who did it to him which was ironic because Zia was one of my father's men. He was a very junior officer who had been handpicked to lead the Pakistani army so in a way it was natural justice."
36.34 Shortly after the death of her opponent, Benazir gives birth to her son Bilawal.
This determined woman takes on the dual challenge of family life and an election campaign.
36.47 In the election campaign she has to compete with a protégé of the dead General. The past will never leave her alone.
She strives for an absolute majority. She does not wish to share power with anybody.
37:00 Narmeen Hasan Khan, friend from schooldays
"She has a lot of people who advise her, the whole party people. But they all look up to her and they ask her for advice. So I think she had to have a process of self-learning herself."
37.14 In the first free elections for over 10 years, Benazir is elected Prime Minister on 16 November 1988.
She is in the Islamic world the first woman to head a government. She is 35 years old.
The military regard this development with suspicion.
37.41 Benazir takes the oath on the constitution which her father had introduced.
37.47 And meanwhile her mother has returned to the country.
37.58 The young prime minister has the best of intentions.
But will she be able to prevail against the vested interests in the system, against the corruption and the nepotism?
38:11 Benazir Bhutto, Dubai
"When I first became prime minister I wanted to assure that a woman could be as good as man. You know, I believe we proved ourselves by saying: ‚Oh, she's an iron lady or she's the only man in her cabinet about Mrs. Thatcher. So that was the way. I mean Mrs. Golda Meir and Mrs Thatcher and Mrs Indira Gandhi were all known for being strong as men. We were competing with men. But I think it's important to be a woman because a woman brings nurturing aspects. A woman is a mother. A woman cares. She cares about children. She cares about the youth. She cares about the future of the country. And I think maybe that's something I should have concentrated on."
38.54 Although Benazir herself belongs to the ruling class, she wants to break the power of the major landowners, the industrialists, the top civil servants and the military.
39.04 She does manage to abolish the death penalty and bring in an amnesty for political prisoners. But she gets nowhere with land reform. She is indebted to many friends in the party who have helped her to power.
39:20 Benazir Bhutto, Dubai
"The international community has enormous leverage within Pakistan. The international community has a political voice and influence and it also has a moral voice and influence. It has a financial voice and influence."
39.32 She has to accept she is also dependent on the USA. The Americans look critically at her policies.
On the whole the West is well disposed to her's. Her courage and her commitment to democracy are admired.
39.45 However her power is based on only a small majority. Her party governs in only two out of four provinces.
39.54 Benazir looks after her husband's interests. Critics say that he has profited massively from her time in office and obtained too many official positions.
40:05 Asif Ali Zardari, husband
"Not really, I was only in negotiations with the opposition. In fact, my major job was to look after the alliance partners in our government."
40.16 He is one of seventy official advisers to his wife.
There had never been a cabinet in Pakistan with so many members.
Many are without any experience in government and are primarily interested in personal gain.
40:26 Raja Anwar, former adviser under her father
"I wish there were some forces in the party. I think there is only one force in the party and that is the force of sycophants. I don't think that anyone of them has the courage to get up in front of Ms. Bhutto and tell her anything. I don't think. What ever she says is ok."
40.47 In the Province of Sind "government by Kalashnikov" takes over. Violence and mob rule are the order of the day.
The military men wait to see if Benazir can get the crisis under control.
This heightens the tensions between Benazir and the Army.
41:02 Benazir Bhutto, Dubai
"I don't think it's right for the army to be in confrontation everywhere. I believe the army should only be brought in extreme circumstances and there should be a strong civil writ that works through the institution of the police force which is investigative and which can actually mingle with the people, convince the people. A political government which convinces the people what is good for them."
41.25 But a decision on military intervention is a matter for the military and the President.
The latter also has the power to dissolve the government, a legacy of the Zia regime.
On 6th August 1990 he dismisses the Prime Minister on the grounds of alleged corruption and misuse of office.
Benazir loses the new elections and Nawaz Sharif, a protégé of General Zia, replaces Benazir.
And he orders the immediate arrest of her husband.
41.53 From her fortress like residence Benazir fights to save her reputation and for her political survival.
She sees herself as a betrayed martyr. She had never believed she would be just cast aside.
She would never let her husband down.
She does not give up. She wants to be in office again.
42:12 Benazir Bhutto, Dubai
"I don't get a kick out of power. Please remember, I was born in power. And I was always a little inhibited by power."
42:46 Benazir Bhutto, Dubai
"It's a lot of conspiracy. It's quite brutal."
42:31 Benazir Bhutto, Dubai
"A lot of public scrutiny and a lot of comments which sometimes can be quite unkind."
42:40 Benazir Bhutto, Dubai
"So, you know. Power does have its own ugly side, too. And so, this is the reason why I never wanted to go into politics.
42:51 Benazir Bhutto, Dubai ("Off")
"But there's a lot you can do with power. You can totally change the social contours of a country."
42.51 In the elections of October 1993 the people vote again for Benazir Bhutto.
And she becomes Prime Minister of Pakistan for a second time.
43.10 However under Benazir's