Pat Greyling It was intolerable, it was unacceptable the violence was rampant - out of control. 00.02.36 Sharon Diamond I used to lie at the pool, the wall was out the back and I would lie, you know obviously with my head facing the wall, with a panic button, a mobile phone and a gun. 00.02.40 Sabrina Joseph I felt like a burning sensation on the right side of my neck, I grabbed my neck and I threw myself over to Tanya to try and protect her. 00.02.42 Tanya Joseph I heard a bang and then I just felt like it was, a burning numbness. It wasn't rally sore at all. Where did the bullet hit you? Um, it came in over here and it left over here. 00.02.56 Fights on streets, wall of remembrance Violence from SA's past is threatening its future. More white South Africans are making the long trek out, mostly to Australia. 00.03.20 Sono Now when apartheid is dead, the truth of their racist core has emerged and they have been exposed to be showing that, they were really basically conservative at heart. So, you think that the chicken run so to speak, actually exposes a kind of hidden racism? Yes. 00.03.30 Subtitle 2 flags "The new homeland" Alexandra/ youths/ music Tonight Four Corners takes two journeys. The first is in to the new homeland of South Africa to see what freedom has delivered. 00.03.52 Airport / people hugging each other The second is to Australia, the most popular destination for an increasing number of exiles who leave through too much fear and too little faith. 00.04.28 Eddie Khoury Its time that the government actually does something about this violence. Its really the violence. We can deal with everything else. 00.04.39 driving into J'burg signs / Wealthy suburbs It is three years since the miracle election. These wealthy suburbs in the north of Johannesburg are no longer the exclusive domain of whites. 00.04.45 Pat Greyling There's really only two types of people left right now in South Africa that are staying there,, and those are the two extremes between those that are too rich to leave, and those that are too poor to leave. 00.05.01 Through intersection The fact that South Africa is still waiting for its economic miracle is obvious...at every corner. The struggle for life glares through the window. A third of the population out of work, no social security, murder and rape commonplace. 00.05.18 Chris/ driving a car Before you even arrive here you hear the warnings. Be very careful walking. Don't walk alone, particularly at night. Whenever possible drive your vehicle, even for shortest distance. But there be careful too, particularly approaching intersections, or parking the vehicle, because these are favourite haunts of carjackers. When you do approach an intersection like this one make sure the windows are wind up and the doors are locked. And if you are menaced by someone at the intersection take no notice of the red light, just drive on straight through. It's very unlikely you see a police officer, and that indeed is part of the problem. Probably the most common warning I've heard of all is ‘For God's sake don't get lost and stray into a township like Alexandra'. 00.05.45 Alexandra township The Alexandra township is 5 minutes from Johannesburg's wealthy northern suburbs. 00.06.35 Busi Mavoso I think the whole society is really sick. I remember the times when we couldn't sleep in this place...there would be gunfire right through the night...right through the day...you know that kind of life. It has really effected our lives. 00.06.52 Alexandra/music In the old day's Alex was Johannesburg's servants quarters. Now it is a hole in the wall. A favourite hiding place for organised gangs 00.07.09 helicopter hovers/music Somewhere here are the so called "chop shops", where stolen cars are converted and resold. Drivers are commonly and callously murdered in the course of these thefts. 00.07.20 Biyela It will never be safe. I don't think it will be safe for a policeman here in Alex in particular, considering the fact that we have lost quite a number of policemen in the space of five years. When I last counted I think we had lost about 18. Those who died. 00.07.40 Biyela at the desk/ noisy It may not seem like it, but as it turned out, it was a quiet week in Alex. For the first time in his 17 years here Captain Johnson Biyela reported there were no murders. 00.08.00 Prisoners in cells Most of the rest of the work has been arresting and deporting illegal immigrants, for whom, believe it or not, Alexandra is a paradise of opportunity. This is despite living conditions that worsen by the day. 00.08.27 Biyela For the last 17 years there has been enormous changes I've seen. Alex was not in a squalid condition like it is now. 00.08.43 Busi Mavoso I think, it might look like there has been a great change from the top, but really here, on the ground and with us people living in the squatter areas, there is very little change. 00.08.53 walk with Busi into shack Like many South Africans, Busi Mavoso is still waiting for the economic freedom she thought would flow from political liberation. 00.09.10 Busi and Chris chats in the hack Busi: This is my house. Chris: How many people live here? Busi: It's my son, my sister, her grand-daughter, and sometimes my grandchildren come and my children and all... 00.09.21 Busi I think, the reason for crime going up.. it's.. lack of employment - number one. Lack of housing and also the immigration into South Africa. It's very high, and people who come here into South Africa. Some of them, to me are, you know, experienced criminals. 00.09.40 kid with top/music washing at the taps Alexandra like South Africa is a complicated story. It has not come quickly enough for Busi and many others but amidst the jumble of corrugated iron and human life there is progress. Water and electricity is arriving. Throughout South Africa a million people who did not have it two years ago have now been delivered fresh water. One point three million electricity connections have been made. 00.10.04 school on the hill In Alex a new school is being built up on the hill. There is compulsory education and a free school nutrition programme for all the country. 00.10.54 new houses being built And although well in areas of the waiting list, a housing programme is underway. 00.11.05 gate opens at high commission Some of these development programmes have been assisted by Australian aid money. Australia's High Commissioner is Ian Porter 00.11.16 Porter Obviously, you don't get over the long years of apartheid overnight. There are enormous problems with the delivery of basic services to the bulk of the population. There are enormous problems of inequality. 00.11.29 Judge Richard Goldstone Well, it's a whole new ball game really and it's going to take time. You can't remove 300 years of racial oppression and expect to have a country at peace with itself, healthy and all of a sudden having a human rights culture. 00.11.43 Huge crowd on the streets Lib. Mandela "Apartheid is over" It does take time not just to find the strength to go forward, but to find the courage to look back. 00.11.58 Coetzee The burning of a body to ashes takes about seven hours and while that was happening we were drinking and even having a braai nest to the fire. 00.12.22 Trc A former security policeman Captain Dirk Coezsee is one of many witnesses before South Africa's Truth and Reconciliation Commission. 00.12.40 ws slow mo officers Coetzee blew the whistle on Apartheid Government Death Squads in return for the prospect of amnesty. 00.12.51 De Kock Under the command of Colonel Eugene De Kock the squads operated right up to one year before the election. 00.12.58 Blood It does takes time to bring to light apartheid's dirty secrets. 00.13.06 Security Policeman Is there a kind way to kill someone. Normally killings are, you know, it happens quickly. You don't have time to go and find a lethal injection and lie the boy down on the bed and give him an injection. 00.13.20 Daniel Maponya ...the gun jammed. They changed the gun, they take another gun. It didn't work. They felt that they must take a spade. That's how they tell Japie that he must die. 00.13.36 Security Policeman If there's a spade handy and you want to kill someone, you better go for it with a spade, y'know. 00.13.50 farm The police death squad was named after the farm near Pretoria where it was hidden, "Vlakplaas.". 00.13.56 Security Policeman Drive to work at 9 o'clock, park the car, sit around, do nothing really constructive. Lunch time buy meat, braai, drink and go home. This is the typical day at Vlakplaas. 00.14.03 beach scenes There is an echo of the NSW and Old Police Royal Commission revelations of debauchery now coming forward. 00.14.25 security policeman What we did there I don't think any sober or normal person could perform those duties. That's impossible. You must be intoxicated. 00.14.33 Murder / Van But corruption turned to pure evil when it came to their main mission, state sponsored murder and political terrorism. In the 10 years before they were disbanded there were 65 known victims. In this case a minibus was ambushed. 220 bullets fired into it, weapons planted, the van set alight...and later a bonus claimed. 00.14.45 Mrs. Milangeni He took off his jacket and took the earphones which were already provided. 00.15.20 stills of executed lawyer and tape player This ANC lawyer was another victim ...of booby trapped headphones sent as a Vlakplaas letterbomb. 00.15.28 Mrs. Milangeni (cont.) He put them on his ears and he switched on (cries) all that I saw. I just heard a big bang. 00.15.37 stills of executed lawyer 00.16.02 Major Craig Williamson Most of white population of this country have to take responsibility for what people like Gene De Kock and others did in their name and for which they for 40 years showed their approval by ever increasing votes for the National Party. 00.16.10 Truth and reconciliation commission hearing Every week, like an ongoing counselling session for all South Africa the Truth and Reconciliation Commission digs up the burnt bones of a grim past. For the families of the victims of apartheid, its value is far more direct. 00.16.33 Woman (orange dress) We don't want them to say sorry, we are not interested in that. We just want them to tell as what happened... And that's basically all we have. 00.16.54 Women at fish river The wives and families of five slain activists, after ten years of waiting and wondering, have learned that security police disposed of the bodies here. 00.17.07 Woman in orange They died as heroes. We salute them 00.17.18 Grey haired woman at fish river We love this country. We want peace in this country. That is very important to us. Because our husbands were fighting for peace for everybody, black and white. 00.17.22 Porter You know, it's not all that long ago that people were talking or the international media, was asking a question when South Africa would break up. They.. they were linking it with former Yugoslavia and it was a question of when, not whether. And now we've come a long way. 00.17.36 Hearing Could you describe some of that torture. What actually did they do to you. We were suffocated... (cries) 00.17.52 The hearings have delivered a prospect of reconciliation rather than a promise of revenge. Even so its hard going for many, including those whites afflicted by a kind of apartheid amnesia. 00.18.24 Judge Richard Goldstone I discount pretty much some of the criticism and complaints have come from white South Africans. I hear them complaining to my amusement about re-opening wounds. My own contact with.. with many victims tells me that the wounds have never healed, that they need, that they need cleansing and that truth and acknowledgment is a very effective way of doing it. 00.18.40 Lib Potgietersrus school Confronting and purging ingrained notions of privilege also requires intensive therapy. 00.19.05 The government insisted on police protection to ensure black people could assert their right to a legal education. 00.19.13 Last year white families boycotted this primary school when it was open to black students. 00.19.20 White father The government is forcing people here of another culture group. So we see it's undemocratic. And my child personally is not in school today as a form of protest. 00.19.26 Sono In a society that has a policy of affirmative action, affirmative action means racial discrimination according to them, therefore they fear that their children have no future and this is why the chicken run is taking off. But these people have very short memory. They forgot that South Africa was built upon affirmative action. Job reservations when apartheid came in was exclusively for white privilege. 00.19.38 Anne I have a huge guilt and on the other hand a huge anger because I never felt part of the mess we are in and I haven't got a chance now. That's how it feels. 00.20.07 First National Bank In workplaces like here at the First National Bank a national policy of affirmative action is being implemented. 00.20.25 Peter Maybe I can share some of my perceptions. I personally have been discriminated against because a black person got the job I had been aspiring to and I was more competent for that job but because of political power within the organisation it was deemed fitting to do it the other way... 00.20.33 Affirmative action A common complaint to emerge from the re-balancing process is that it no longer pays to be pale and male. 00.20.51 David There are going to be those who perceive themselves to be casualties. 00.21.01 Anne It's hard to come to terms with that but I think I have. Sometimes the dead of night I am really miserable about that but other times in the day I can come with it. But David, you guys have had the opportunity to do something. Why are you not doing it? 00.21.04 Affirmative action These affirmative action sessions are a microcosm of a national angst, bringing uncertainty and guilt into the open. David Mayepe is one of the new bosses. 00.21.21 David I think it goes for a lot of black people the biggest regret is that the revolution took so long to change things. Otherwise we would be far off down the line of being humans in this country if we didn't waste so much time. That would be the regret I would have. It took too long. 00.21.32 Anne Y'know this has gone on my whole life, my whole bloody life. And I feel it's the time for another generation to take it over. But they don't. It's as if we carried it for years and years. I want to put it down. It's just so hard to always be, what is it, since I was 16 involved politically. I'm sure black people feel that as well. But no one allows us to feel it. 00.21.54 Lib World Cup 1993 Euphoria But it wasn't always so painful. In the 1995 Rugby World Cup the euphoria was shared. 00.22.29 Reporter at the stadium 65 thousand South Africans are here today. Tremendous support. David we didn't have 60 thousand South Africans, but we have 43 million South Africans. Piennar /World cup But sharing allegiance to a national team, or a national ideal is different to the hard work and trauma associated with sharing power, privilege and pain. 00.23.01 Sono White people, they were like the three monkey, see no evil, hear no evil, talk no evil when it came to crime in the black townships. But now that the townships are also moving into the white suburbs, because now blacks too are even running away from the crime in the.. in the townships, now that crime is following them too, so that's number one. Number two, you know people in the white suburbs don't like the idea that now blacks are also coming to live close to them, so they too have to keep running away. 00.23.14 Transition Piennar holding up the cup A very good example of how much has changed emerges from this one golden moment. 00.23.53 Francois Piennar then the hero of all South Africa has the moment frozen here in his study. This is Piennar's home in Midrand. It is empty. Piennar and his career have moved to England. 00.24.01 Inside house through rapecage into bedroom His maximum security house with its four separate perimeters including the so called "rape cage"; inside is the story of life after the honeymoon in the new South Africa. 00.24.25 Prinsloo Chris this is the basic electronic alarm installation in any of the homes in South Africa. This control panel in the bedroom as we have it enables the resident to control the alarm and put the control into his own hand. This becomes the inner sanctum or the final retreat. 00.24.39 sign "Who is putting who behind bars in this town?" / other shots of armed response signs and roadblock More than 20,000 murders a year are reported in South Africa. The great majority still occur within the majority black population. But now in the wealthy suburbs the families have their horror stories too. While crime has escalated, convictions have declined. The inability of the police to make these streets safe has meant people taking security into their own hands, carrying guns, even blocking off their own streets. 00.24.57 Sharon Diamond I used to lie at the pool, um... the wall was out back and I would lie, you know, obviously with my head facing the wall, with a panic button, a mobile phone and a gun so that the children could play in. I could swim in the pool, and I'd never let them swim in the pool if I wasn't there. 00.25.44 Chris to camera on block street While I was here in the space of just two and a half hours, in this same area, there were three carjackings. One man was killed in the driveway for his Mercedes which turned up in Alexandra 45 minutes later. He was due to take his family to Australia in February next year. 00.26.00 Roadblock In the second incident two of the carjackers were killed when the victim fought back. 00.26.17 Joseph family The third involved the long suffering Joseph family. George Joseph To start with my mother, she's 79 years old. She's been attacked 3 times. She lives with my brother now. He's also been hijacked. The same thing happened to me two weeks after that. My sister, about three months ago. In January... In January, she pulled up to her home with another sister of mine and two kids in their car, they put a gun to her head, they stole her car, they didn't harm her. Six weeks ago, my son, 22 year old, driving in Yeoville same thing, put a gun, pulled him out of his car, beat him up. 00.26.29 Joseph family at lunch The Joseph family are now recuperating behind the high walls of their home after yet another attack - the most traumatic of all. 00.27.17 Mrs. Sabrina Joseph And I just turned the corner slowly and Tanya said to me "Are your doors locked?" because she says that ten times a day, I said "Tanya, all the doors are locked" and as I came around the corner, there were these three Africans and the two walked slowly across the road so I had to even drive slower, otherwise I would have bumped them and then the two went onto the left hand side and then the one in front of me just pointed.. put his hands up and pointed the gun to me. All I remember is that I felt like a burning sensation on the right side of my neck. I grabbed my neck and I threw myself over to Tanya to try to protect her and then the car moved, or I drove it, I don't know and I either stalled the car or I stopped a few metres away and then um.. and I was screaming and Tanya she was just shouting "mummy, mummy" that's all I can remember but then I either looked in the rear view mirror or I turned around and I saw the African, we both looked at each other. 00.27.27 Reporter Tanya, what do you remember from the moment that happened? 00.28.20 Tanya Well, I saw them walking across the street and then my mum started screaming and I just felt this burning numbness. And that's all. Sabrina I was finished, I was just like crying, and then when I got out the car I was screaming, I was saying "Please, please people don't leave us alone" I was begging them praying for them not to leave us alone. 00.28.34 Sentry security control room The shooting of young Tanya Joseph attracted only a passing mention in the press. In Johannesburg shootings and panic calls, are routine. Many whites have come to see the violence as an informal means of eviction. They talk of the crime as "affirmative shopping". But the motivation can't be purely racial. Among this private security company's 11,000 clients are both blacks and whites. 00.28.48 Tokyo Sexwale We want to see imprisonment and we want to see people serving that imprisonment when they are supposed to. We can't support light bails and we can't support unexplained escapes from prison. I was held for many years and so was the President. We never got a chance to escape. 00.29.33 Woman demonstrator But everybody knows somebody whose been murdered or robbed or something. 00.29.50 Traffic demo Anti crime demonstrations now blocking the streets are by blacks and whites. 00.29.57 Demonstrator All the South Africans who left should have been there doing this and maybe we would have changed this country. 00.30.08. TV reporter And still within yards of the mass rally the police continued shooting directly at the crowd. 00.30.14 white policeman wielding stick The origin of the violence belongs also among blacks and whites. 00.30.22 blacks necklacing woman The brutal lessons that apartheid and ANC and Inthkata taught are not rapidly forgotten. 00.30.34 Captain Biyela You see, by the time of civil disobedience and political violence you see most people try to obtain guns for themselves and those I think are the very guns that are used in the commission of crimes. 00.30.42 Judge Richard Goldstone I've no doubt there's a connection. Violence was resorted to as a political weapon during the 80's, particularly and into he 90's and it's become accepted, an accepted way of life. 00.30.57 Sono Apartheid was a violent criminal system, so it taught the black person nothing else, that white people and the white system they can only react to you know violence. Violence breeds counter violence. 00.31.13 Armed reaction signs to real estate agent signs "sold" Crime and violence have a strong connection also to the latest wave of departing South Africans. 00.31.33 large home, swimming pool With their servants and large homes South Africans have had access to comforts of life that few corners of the planet provide. 00.31.40 Banfiels I sell houses in quite a small area of Sandton and I think we've had about 10 clients moving out to Australia. 00.31.49 Tilt up from home to sky Australia, it's often said, shares the same big blue sky. The comforts come with a larger price tag. Even so for most of the last 20 years Australia is the favourite destination for succeeding waves of South Africans. 00.32.02 St Ives rugby match St Ives, in Sydney's north, like Stirling in Perth and Templestowe in Melbourne are some of the many corners where up to 120,000 South Africans have settled. 00.32.22 BBQ The 3000 plus new arrivals in the last year is the largest wave since the mid eighties. 00.32.40 Kitchen ribs and rumps restaurant / cook When one had to cook a braai in South Africa it was for pleasure, here it is for work... 00.32.48 Sharon serves dinner The Diamond family left after surviving an attack in their own home. Their new restaurant business in Sydney has become a magnet for other South Africans. 00.32.56 Pat Greyling I think the biggest difference for me is that its peaceful here and you know, there's... there's no anxiety about violence and about crime. That's the real difference for me. 00.33.12 Sharon Diamond Back home in my big lovely home, I had full-time domestic help, um... I did teach dancing, I'm a dancing teacher, but um... I had a very luxurious life-style. I was able to see my friends on a regular basis, and have coffees and then teach my dancing in the afternoon, and I knew at night when I came home, the meal would be done, the washing, the ironing, hence all that would be done. 00.33.21 Anne Greyling I do miss domestic help. I'd lie if I said I didn't, but on the other hand, it's been refreshing for me to have my home to myself. It's a new experience for me. I've never been the only woman in the house, and now I am, and I'm enjoying that. 00.33.51 Paul Greenberg Our standard of living has definitely dropped, and substantially but my quality of life has improved dramatically. 00.34.05 Paul Greenberg comes in with a guitar Paul Greenberg's new occupation is his old hobby, buying and selling vintage guitars. He gave up a multi million dollar car auction business for safer streets and peace of mind. 00.34.13 Greenberg I think that living in South Africa um... you're just surrounded by a lot of... a lot of tragedy.. it's a harsh continent with a lot poverty.. I think you've got to..to have a cold heart in South Africa often, to enjoy the material success that you've..that you've earned by fair means and by hard work. 00.34.37 Hitchcock immigration consultancy The new wave has meant bouyant business and at last count 52 trips to South Africa for immigration consultant Neil Hitchcock. 00.34.55 Hitchcock If we look back over 12 years, Chris, initially the motivations were almost entirely political. 00.35.04 Lib Sharpeville Soweto It's often said the migration has come in four separate waves. People left after the massacre at Sharpeville and the riots of Soweto to escape apartheid, conscription the sanctions and now with much greater urgency...the crime. 00.35.15 Hitchcock Virtually every second client we talk to nowadays either has a close family member that's been hijacked or mugged or know of somebody or have been hijacked or mugged themselves. 00.35.34 Pat Greyling It was intolerable, it was unacceptable, the violence was rampant - out of control, ah..the Government and the police and the judicial system couldn't or wouldn't ah..resolve the problem. 00.35.47 Lib Beckett's trek titles Beckett Ptc The first thing I realise why the South Africans are here. They ran away from the blacks... 00.34.02 Last year Dennis Beckett's South Africans television show travelled to Australia to take on the so called "chicken runners". 00.35.24 Beckett You ran to a place where you're going to find a cosy comfortable easy white lifestyle. And you told us you were doing it for moral reasons.. 00.36.33 Josie Brouard I think that's fair enough for you to fell that way. I mean I get mad at you because I think the people that walk away from a place that is depressing to something that is better is the wise and clever thing to do. I mean if I'm in a shit relationship I get out. 00.36.43 Redfern Two segments were devoted to the trekkers and Australia. 00.37.02 Beckett Ptcs Compared to these guys black South Africans are in pound seats. But Australia manages to come out smelling squeaky clean. It's a con. 00.37.10 Beckett The big thing for me, the good life, the lucky country, lacks a dimension. We might have problems babe but we have three dimensions. 00.37.26 Beckett Many of the people..those people fall into this category..who shouted the odds in the old days and who said: Look, you've got to change the system..it's got to be different, and fair land square, and so forth. To then turn around and says: Well, thanks very much for changing the system, now we're gonna wave at you across the ocean. I don't appreciate it. I acknowledge the legitimacy. I recognise the right and so forth but I do feel a sense of personally a resentment. I can't say it is necessarily a national phenomenon. 00.37.35 Swiss Deli Australia's selective demand for skills and capital has a discriminatory effect on both sides of the ocean. We end up with an almost exclusive white tribe, and an often wealthy one at that. 00.38.04 Hitchcock I've been involved in it for a heck of a long time now and I think we've succeeded in attracting some excellent migrants out of South Africa from all walks of life, it could be somebody that's a skilled floor and wall tiller from Capetown right trough to the captains of industry and everybody in-between. 00.38.18 Sherman Well, I think a lot of South Africans who have managed to get into Australia have done so because they have qualified either at university or had been successful in a certain field. People who were unsuccessful, unqualified, no job skills weren't able to get into Australia so you have a select group of South Africans here, it's not representative of South Africans generally. 00.38.36 Walk in Equitilink Equitilink, Brian Sherman's company, has since he and his partner arrived twenty years ago, attracted some 4 billion dollars of investment to Australia. 00.39.03 Reporter So, what's your attitude to investing in South Africa? 00.39.15 Brian Sherman Well, we took a view, amoral view not to invest in South Africa prior to the change, so over the last 20 years we haven' ever invested in South Africa. Post the change, we have a negative view on the South African rand and on the economy and thus we haven't invested in South Africa. Business montage South Africa has achieved quite significant territorial advances on the Australian commercial landscape. These are companies with equity and or human capital drawn from South Africa. Clearly our gain is their loss. For every 10,000 brains that go an estimated 100,000 jobs go with them. 00.39.48 Greenberg The concept that you've introduced of white people leaving South Africa...I mean, that's an emotive issue. I have...I have feelings that I need to deal with on that topic, but I do believe very sincerely that..that..freedom of mobility was a basic human right denied to..to black South Africans in the old regime if you like..and I don't think it should be put on the table today. I think people are free to go wherever they like in the world. 00.40.16 Pat Greyling I don't have any problems with the subject of resentment. To the people that I left behind, I can understand to the ones who do feel resentful, ah..that it's always a lousy position to be the one left on the sidelines, or to be the one left behind. 00.40.40 Sono single at computer But as Themba Sono points out, South Africa is also experiencing a brain gain. 00.40.56 Sono And so I could say that the government on its first strategy of delivery succeeded tremendously because we can see right now, there are so many black middle classes and you can see my home here, you know, I have a large home which I could not have achieved at that time. 00.41.02 Sono and son at computer actuality Sono, an exiled activist of the 70's, and his U.S. educated family, are some of the many to come back... and some of the many to say good riddance to the new exiles. 00.40.24 Sono Now, when apartheid is dead, the truth of their racist core has emerged and they have been exposed to be showing that no, they were rally basically conservative at heart. So, you think that the chicken run so to speak, actually exposes a kind of hidden racism? Yes. 00.41.37 Fortress architecture / Building in the suburbs In South Africa business is emigrating too...to safer territory behind screens of razor wire and security guards. Crime and corruption is intimidating not just local business but foreign investment. An economic growth rate of 3% and an unemployment rate ten times that figure leaves little room for immediate confidence. 00.42.00 Business centre Jo'burg For even the recently departed, the city centre of Johannesburg, the former capital of South African capitalism is now unrecognisable. 00.42.28 Pat Greyling Johannesburg was definitely the jewel of Africa, ah...certainly the jewel of South Africa. I was really a beautiful clean, efficient, affluent city. 00.42.39 David Diamond But if one looks at Johannesburg today, it reminds one of Nairobi or Dar'es-Salaam, ah...the stairs of the Supreme Court is a vegetable market. 00.42.47 Chris to camera Not so long ago, certainly in the days of influx control there were few black faces here. Now you can see the opposite is true. Many businesses including Qantas Australia have fled for fortress suburbia. This can be a scary place for white, not just because of the crime, but because it is in itself a conspicuous visible challenge to the rhetoric of the rainbow nation and it does in itself advance the suspicion that apartheid has some continuing power to mutate. 00.42.59 Police and army on the streets Apartheid is hard to kill. The agony of dealing with its aftermath should not have been difficult to predict. Just like the old days the Police and Army are now out on the streets together limiting the movement of South Africa's citizens. Members of the ANC, who helped eliminate the death penalty, are now calling for its return. A malaise has set in that may prove as difficult to evict as the old enemy. 00.43.36 David Diamond Unfortunately, I believe that South Africa will en up being just another country in Africa. 00.44.12 Anne Greyling It breaks my heart because I simply don't see a solution. 00.44.22 Pat Greyling I believe that ah.. the social and economic problems will continue to worsen. Violence, poverty and all of those things will continue to decline, and I think ultimately, South Africa will just join the rest of Africa holding out the beggar's cup to the West. 00.44.26 WS table / Sono They were living in a fool's paradise. 00.44.46 Sono They thought that they could cling to this fool's paradise you know, eternally, but when the reality hit home, that by the way we're in Africa and since we're in Africa you know, the forces of history and politics must bring them to reality and it is this reality that is ..you know, frighten them. 00.44.49 Alex an Sandton South Africa is coming to terms with a new reality, the recognition that many blacks won't forgive the past and many whites won't believe in the future. But it is not all pessimism. 00.45.18 Judge Richard Goldstone I think we've got a lot going for us. The people in this country generally speaking are hard working, are not pessimistic and I think one must..one must look at these things in the eyes of, if one can, of the majority of South Africans and I think it's the majority who are being deprived, that attention must be given and not to the rather pathetic cries of people who've had it all their own way and who are now being..being asked to give up really very little. 00.45.34 Mr. Joseph I was born and bred in this country, I love the country. I'd hate to leave the country. My wife and daughter aren't on the same opinion, they'd leave tomorrow. But I can't... I love this country . I feel all they've got to do is trying get to grips with their positions. Try and solve it. Make life liveable. Not like living behind walls and driving around and looking ............and scared to stop at the street. It's ridiculous way to live. 00.46.01 There is a postscript to the Joseph story. In that passage of panic after young Tanya was shot she kept what had happened from her mother. 00.46.31 Tanya and Chris talking Were you very frightened? Yes. When did you realise you had actually been shot? Did the bullet passed right through you, didn't it? Yes. Through here and came out here. And once we drove to school I felt wet under my schooltop so I felt wet under my top and I saw blood. But I never told my Mum. Why not? Cause she was like already crying... Didn't want to upset her? Yeah. You're a brave little girl. 00.46.41 Police carjackings In South Africa the honeymoon is over. The country will need all that bravery for the road ahead for the long walk beyond freedom. 00.47.14 ENDS Credits Reporter Chris Masters Researcher Tracey Pilimer Camera Richard Atkinson Neale Maude Sound Tony Wende Jerry Rickard Editor Momberg Assistant Editor Trudi Arter On Lining Gary Hibbert Sound Mixer Michol Hogan Voice Over Recording Allisa Willison Colour Grader John Galbraith Archival Research Megan Gundry Christine Shale Graphics Ann Connor Librarians Christine Frisina Adelaide Beavis Melissa Gavenlock Iris Polkinghorne Janet Heywood Unit Assistants Kerrie Christie Lorraine I'anson Barbara Beaton Liz Scott Special Thanks to Jacques Pauw Karien Van Den Merwe Marion Segal South African Broadcasting Corporation Ribs and Rumps Restaurant Production Manager Sharnelle Magee Production Secretary Rosemary Mears Post Production Editor David Garlick Producer's Assistant Julie Costello Associate Producer Deborah Richards Executive Producer John Budd Producer, Australia Jane Robindson Producer, South Africa Geoff Parish