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[Start]
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[SUPER] Prairie Grass Productions presents…
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[SUPER] in association with Dordt College…
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[SUPER] The Fourth World
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[NARRACTION] SOMETHING IMPORTANT HAPPENED IN 2007. THE NUMBER OF SLUM DWELLERS CROSSED THE ONE BILLION MARK.
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[NARRATION] IT’S NOT GETTING ANY BETTER.
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[NARRATION] EVERY YEAR CLOSE TO SEVENTY MILLION PEOPLE LEAVE THEIR HOMES AND HEAD FOR THE CITIES. THAT’S AROUND
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[SUPER] 1.4 Million People a Week
[NARRATION] 1.4 MILLION PEOPLE A WEEK.
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[SUPER] 200,000 Every Day
[NARRATION] 200,000 A DAY
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[SUPER] 8,000 Every Hour
[NARRATION] 8,000 AN HOUR
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[SUPER] 8,000 Every Hour 130 Every Minute
[NARRATION] 130 EVERY MINUTE
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[SUPER] 2 People Every Second
[NARRATION] 2 PEOPLE EVERY SECOND
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[NARRATION] AND THE MIGRATION ISNT SLOWING DOWN. RIGHT NOW THERE ARE ABOUT ONE BILLION PEOPLE LIVING IN SLUMS. MOSTLY IN THE DEVELOPING WORLD.
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[NARRATION] BY 2030 THERE WILL BE 2 BILLION SQUATTERS. 20 YEARS AFTER THAT, THE MIDPOINT OF THIS CENTURY, THERE WILL BE 3 BILLION SQUATTERS. MORE THAN A THIRD OF THE PEOPLE ON THE FACE OF THE EARTH.
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[NARRATION] THE UNITED NATIONS TELLS US THAT IF THE WORLD’S CITIES WANT TO KEEP PACE WITH THIS HUMAN TIDAL WAVE THEY MUST BUILD 35 MILLION HOMES A YEAR.
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[SUPER] 96,150 Homes Each Day
[NARRATION] THAT’S 96,150 HOMES A DAY
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[SUPER] 4,000 Homes Every Hour
[NARRATION] 4,000 HOMES AN HOUR
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[SUPER] 66 Homes Every Minute
[NARRATION] 66 HOMES A MINUTE
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[SUPER] 1 Every Second
[NARRATION] ONE EVERY SECOND
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[NARRATION] AND THIS WOULD ONLY MAINTAIN THE EQUILIBRIUM. IT WOULD NOT HOUSE THE BILLION PEOPLE WHO ARE LIVING AS SQUATTERS TODAY.
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[NARRATION] CITIES ARE GROWING FAST. REMEMBER HEARING ABOUT MEGACITIES?
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[SUPER] Megacities
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[NARRATION] THAT’S OLD NEWS. THE NEW WORD IS HYPER CITY.
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[SUPER] Hypercity
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[NARRATION] THOSE ARE CITIES WITH 20 MILLION OR MORE PEOPLE.
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[NARRATION] 20 MILLION WAS THE POPULATION OF THE WHOLE WORLD DURING THE FRENCH REVOLUTION. MOST OF THIS HYPER URBAN GROWTH IS
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[SUPER - map] First World Second World Developing World
[NARRATION] HAPPENING IN THE DEVELOPING WORLD. FOR EXAMPLE, THE POPULATION OF THE CITIES OF CHINA, INDIA AND BRAZIL EQUALS THE ENTIRE POPULATION OF EUROPE AND NORTH AMERICA
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[NARRATION] WHERE ARE ALL OF THESE PEOPLE GOING AND WHAT ARE THEY DOING? WHERE DO THEY SLEEP AT NIGHT? WHO’S COLLECTING ALL OF THEIR GARBAGE? WIRING THEIR HOMES? HELPING THEM PREPARE FOR RETIREMENT? WATCHING OVER THEM WHEN THEY GET SICK?
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[NARRATION] THE VAST MAJORITY OF THOSE CAUGHT UP IN THIS MIGRATION DO NOT END UP IN THE PLACES THE TOURISTS SEE. RATHER, DRAWN BY OPPORTUNITES THAT JUST DON’T EXIST IN THE RURAL AREAS MANY END UP IN CONDITIONS AS BAD AS OR WORSE THAN THOSE THEY TRIED TO ESCAPE.
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[NARRATION] THEY END UP IN SLUMS. NASTY PLACES THAT BY DEFINITION ARE WHERE NO ONE ELSE WANTS TO BE. ONE BILLION AND GROWING.
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[NARRATION] ONE IN SIX OF US LIVES IN A SLUM. WHO ARE THESE PEOPLE AND WHAT DO THEY DO? WE’RE GOING TO VISIT THREE SLUM COMMUNITIES ON THREE CONTINENTS AS WE STEP INTO THE LARGEST PEOPLE MIGRATION IN THE HISTORY OF THE WORLD.
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[SUPER] One Billion People at the Bottom of the Pile The Fourth World
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[SUPER] SLUM an informal settlement with
Inadequate access to safe water
Inadequate access to sanitation and other infrastructure
Poor structural quality of housing
Overcrowding
Insecure Residential status
United Nations
01:03:58:04
[SUPER] Kenya
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[NARRATION] THERE ARE TWO SIDES TO KENYA. FIRST, THE TOURIST SIDE. TOURISTS COME HERE FROM AROUND THE WORLD TO SEE THE BREATH TAKING SCENERY AND ENJOY KENYA’S LEGENDARY HOSPITALITY.
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[NARRATION] IT’S A SMALL COUNTRY. ABOUT THE SIZE OF FRANCE, BUT UNLIKE FRANCE, KENYA HAS SOME OF THE BEST BEACHES IN THE WORLD.
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[SUPER- photo] Beaches
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[SUPER-photo] Mt. Kenya
[NARRATION] GLACIAR CAPPED MOUNTAINS
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[SUPER-photo] Deserts
[NARRATION] DESERTS
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[SUPER-photo] Rainforests
[NARRATION] RAINFORESTS. AND OF COURSE, IT SHARES THE SERENGETI PLAINS WITH TANZANIA
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[SUPER] Serengeti
[NARRATION] NEXT DOOR.
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[NARRATION] THE OTHER SIDE OF KENYA, THE PART OF NAIROBI THAT THE LOWER MIDDLE CLASS AND THE POOR SEE, HAS ITS ORIGINS IN THE 1800S. IN THE SCRAMBLE FOR AFRICA, GREAT BRITAIN BECAME THE COLONIAL MASTER OF KENYA AND UGANDA
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[NARRATION] THEY BUILT A RAILROAD FROM MOMBASA TO KAMPALA, UGANDA.
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[SUPER] Mombasa Kampala
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[NARRATION] IN 1899 THEY ESTABLISHED THE RAILWAY HEADQUARTERS AT A PLACE CALLED NAIROBI.
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[SUPER] Nairobi
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[NARRATION] A MAASAI WORD FOR THE PLACE OF COOL WATERS
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[SUPER] “The Place of Cool Waters”
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[NARRATION] NAIROBI GREW AS A COMMERCIAL AND BUSINESS HUB FOR THE BRITISH EAT AFRICA PROTECTORATE. AND BY 1900 IT HAD RAIL WAY BUILDINGS AND SEPARATE AREAS FOR EUROPEANS AND INDIANS. THERE WAS NO AFRICAN SETTLEMENT TO SPEAK OF.
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[SUPER] 1927
[NARRATION] IN 1927 THE BOUNDARY OF NAIROBI WAS EXPANDED TO COVER 30 SQUARE MILES BECAUSE OF RAPID GROWTH.
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[SUPER] 1963
[NARRATION] IN 1963 IT EXPANDED AGAIN, THIS TIME COVERING 266 SQUARE MILES.
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[NARRATION] IN WORLD WAR 1, NUBIANS FROM SUDAN FOUGHT BRAVELY FOR THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT AS MEMBERS OF THE KINGS AFRICAN RIFLES.
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[NARRATION] AS A REWARD, THE BRITISH COLONIAL GOVERNMENT IN NAIROBI LET A GROUP OF NUBIAN SOLDIERS SETTLE ON A WOODED HILL SIDE OUTSIDE NAIROBI.
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[NARRATION] THEY CALLED THE PLACE KIBRA MEANING
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[SUPER] Kibra “Jungle”
[NARRATION] JUNGLE. UNFORTUNATELY THE NUBIANS NEVER RECEIVED THE TITLE DEEDS TO THEIR NEW LAND. THEY WERE SQUATTERS WITH NO LEGAL RIGHTS.
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[SUPER] Squatters
[NARRATION] OVER MANY YEARS OTHERS MOVED INTO KIBRA NOW CALLED KIBERA. AND MANY OF THE NUBIANS BECAME LANDLORDS. AS THEY RENTED OUT THEIR HUTS TO OTHERS.
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[SUPER] Kibera
[NARRATION] TODAY KIBERA IS ONE OF AFRICA’S LARGEST SLUMS. MATHARE VALLEY, JUST ACROSS TOWN
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[SUPER] Mathare
[NARRATION] IS ALSO HUGE. NAIROBI’S SLUMS REACH A STAGGERING POPULATION DENSITY OF ALMOST 518,000
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[SUPER] Nairobi 517,997 per square mile
[NARRARTION] PEOPLE PER SQUARE MILE.
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[SUPER] Chicago 5,075 per square mile Nairobi 514,997 per square mile
[NARRATION] BY COMPARISON CHICAGO HAS 5,075 PEOPLE PER SQUARE MILE.
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[SUPER] Mumbia 29,650 per square mile Nairobi 514,997 per square mile
[NARRATION] MUMBIA, INDIA AS 29,650
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[SUPER] Manila 10,550 per square mile Nairobi 514,997 per square mile
[NARRATION] AND MANILA HAS 10,550 PER SQUARE MILE.
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[NARRATION] MOST NAIROBIANS EARN THEIR INCOME IN THE INFORMAL SECTOR. THESE JOBS ARE NOT ON THE BOOKS, BUT ARE OUTSIDE THE FORMAL ECONOMIC STRUCTURES OF A GIVEN CULTURE.
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[NARRATION] MANY OF THE ONE BILLION PEOPLE WHO INHABIT THE FOURTH WORLD EARN THEIR INCOME THROUGH THESE INFORMAL ACTIVITIES.
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[NARRATION] NOT ALL OF THEM ARE LEGAL.
01:07:45:21
[SUPER] it was like my dad didn’t have enough money
to pay for the school fee.
So I decided to drop out of school.
And then when I dropped out of school…because life here in Mathare (Valley)
is that, when you are not in school.
Three things happen to a person.
Either you become a chang’aa brewer—number one.
Second, you become a thug, a thief.
And the third one, a drug baron, whereby
you are the one who sells the drugs and also
transports it to other estates.
So those three things do happen to the life of a young person here in Mathare.
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[SUPER] When I left school
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[SUPER] Pastor John Makwata Former Chang’aa Brewer Mathare Valley
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[SUPER] I directly joined the people who were brewing chang’aa.
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[SUPER] Chang’aa “Kill Me Quick”
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[NARRATION] CHANG’AA IS AN ILLEGAL DRINK WHICH IS POPULAR IN KENYA. DISTILLED FROM GRAINS LIKE MAIZE AND SORGHUM IT IS VERY POTENT. IT’S PRODUCTION AND DISTRIBUTION IS CONTROLLED IN MANY CASES BY CRIMINAL GANGS.
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[NARRATION] IN MATHARE VALLEY, ONE OF THE LARGER SLUMS IN AFRICA BREWERS, PLY THEIR TRADE ALONG THE MATHARE RIVER. THE FILMMAKERS HAD TO PAY THE BREWERS TO GET THESE SHOTS AS IT IS AN ILLEGAL TRADE.
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[NARRATION] THERE ARE TWO WAYS TO MAKE CHANG’AA. THE LONG WAY
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[SUPER] THE LONG WAY THE QUICK WAY
MILLET MILLET
MAIZE MAIZE
SORGHUM SORGHUM
MOLASSES MOLASSES
YEAST YEAST
Embalming Fluids
(BATTERY ACID)
(JET FUEL)
[NARRATION] AND THE QUICK WAY. THE LONG WAY TAKES ABOUT A WEEK FOR THE INGREDIENTS TO FERMENT PROPERLY. BREWERS HAVE DISCOVERED HOWEVER THAT THEY CAN MAKE A BATCH OF THE ILLEGAL SUBSTANCE IN ONE AFTERNOON WITH THE ADDITION OF EMBALMING FLUIDS THAT THEY GET FROM CITY MORTUARIES. THE ADDITION OF THIS SECRET INGREDIENT ALLOWS THE BREWERS TO MAXIMIZE PROFITS. UNFORTUNATELY, BAD BATCHES OF CHANG’AA CAN CAUSE BLINDNESS AND EVEN DEATH. THESE BATCHES REGULARLY MAKE THE NEWS IN KENYA.
01:10:03:28
[SUPER] …because many of them were my friends that we grew up together, that was the only option that I saw that I could do, after not continuing my education. So that is what made me join this way of brewing chang’aa.
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[SUPER] Pastor John Makwata Former Chang’aa Brewer Mathare Valley
01:10:32:00
[NARRATION] NOT FAR AWAY IN A DIFFERENT CORNER OF THE SLUM, FELIX OCHIENG OWINYO A 16 YEAR OLD BOY TRAVELS OUT OF MATHARE VALLEY TO BEGIN ANOTHER DAY OF SURVIVAL.
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FELIX GETS UP LONG BEFORE SUNRISE AND BEGINS THE FOUR MILE HIKE TO GIKOMBO MARKET. THE OPERATORS OF THE COMMON MAN’S PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION CALLED MATATUS
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[SUPER] MATATU
[NARRATOR] ARE ON STRIKE THIS WEEK TO PROTEST GOVERNMENT CORRUPTION. SO FELIX AND TENS OF THOUSANDS OF FELLOW CITIZENS OF NAIROBI MUST WALK TODAY.
[IMAGES] FELIZ WALKING TO GET MAIZE
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[NARRATOR] FELIX BUYS EARS OF MAIZE AT THE MARKET. HE CAREFULLY SELECTS EACH EAR FOR QUALITY IN HOPES OF MAKING A PROFIT ON EACH ONE.
[IMAGES] WALKING WITH THE MAIZE
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[NARRATOR] WHEN THE PURCHASE IS COMPLETE, HE LUGS THE HEAVY SACK BACK TO MATHARE VALLEY AND SPENDS THE NEXT FEW HOURS BOILING THE MAIZE TO CREATE AN EDIBLE TREAT WHICH HE THEN CARRIES THROUGH THE SLUM AND SELLS.
01:12:17:29
IT TOOK FELIX ALMOST THE ENTIRE DAY AND WHEN ITS ALL DONE, ASSUMING HE SOLD ALL THE MAIZE HE MAKES A PROFIT OF 105 SHILLINGS OR $1.40. HERE ARE THE NUMBERS.
01:12:30:29
[SUPER] Public Transportation: 40/-
Charcoal: 50/-
Water: 05/-
Maize: 400/-
Total: 495/-
01:12:31:22
[NARRATION] MATATU FARE TO GO AND BUY THE MAIZE 40 SHILLINGS, CHARCOAL TO BOIL THE MAIZE 50 SHILLINGS, WATER TO BOIL THE MAIZE 5 SHILLINGS, THE PURCHASE OF THE MAIZE ITSELF 400 SHILLINGS, FOR A TOTAL OF 495 SHILLINGS. IF FELIX SELLS ALL OF HIS MAIZE
01:12:51:21
[SUPER] Gross Income: 600/-
Expenses: 495/-
Profit: $1.40
Hours 8
01:12:49:22
[NARRATOR] INCOME FROM THE SALE OF HIS MAIZE IS A TOTAL OF 600 SHILLINGS, MINUS HIS EXPENSES LEAVES HIM A PROFIT OF A DOLLAR FORTY. 01:12:59:06
THAT $1.40 DIVIDED BY HIS 8 HOURS OF LABOR EARNS HIM A TOTAL OF 17.5 CENTS PER HOUR.
01:13:10:12
[SUPER] When there’s no electricity, even you can walk there and someone can beat you thoroughly. It’s not a very good place. Just look at this house first.
01:13:21:21
Even when it’s raining. You will see some…you will just move some of your properties there,
01:13:24:15
[SUPER] Felix Ochieng Owinyo
01:13:29:20
[SUPER] and you put somewhere because there
01:13:33:16
it does not have a roof.
01:13:37:27
So, about all of these houses are leaking.
01:13:43;15
Even if you come when they
01:13:49:11
the rain has stopped just now, you will see some people are moving water in their houses out.
01:13:57:17
[NARRATOR] MEANWHILE IN ANOTHER PART OF NAIROBI, MEMBERS OF PARLIAMENT HAVE VOTED THEMSELVES ANOTHER PAY INCREASE, MAKING THEM SOME OF THE HIGHEST PAID LEGISLATORS IN THE WORLD. IN 2010, ACCORDING TO THE GUARDIAN NEWSPAPER, EACH OF THE 222 KENYAN MINISTERS OF PARLIAMENT MADE $12,560 PER MONTH, PLUS MANY EXTRAS. 01:14:21:14
THE SPEAKERS SALARY WENT UP TO $14,507 EVERY MONTH, PLUS EXTRAS.
01:14:27:28
KENYA’S PRESIDENT EARNS A BASIC SALARY OF $26,000 A MONTH FOR AN ANNUAL SALARY OF $312,000 PER YEAR, HIGHER THAN THE GERMAN CHANCELLOR’S $303,000 A YEAR.
01:14:41:01
THE KENYAN PRESIDENT GETS ANOTHER $15,596 PER MONTH IN OTHER BONUSES AND ENTITLEMENTS, EARNING HIM AN ADDITIONAL $187,152 PER YEAR.
01:14:54:21
WITH EVERYTHING ADDED TOGETHER, THE PRESIDENT OF KENYA, ONE OF THE POORER NATIONS ON EARTH, TAKES HOME MORE THAN THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES, ONE OF THE RICHER NATIONS ON EARTH.
01:15:06:19
MEANWHILE, BACK IN MATHARE VALLEY, FELIX, JOHN, AND HUNDREDS OF THOUSANDS OF OTHERS JUST LIKE HIM WILL BEGIN ANOTHER DAY OF SURVIVAL IN THE SLUMS OF NAIROBI, MOST OF THEM SURVIVING ON ABOUT A DOLLAR A DAY.
1:14:15:04
[SUPER] Kenya: Ministers of Parliament
1:14:15:22
[SUPER] $12,560 each month
1:14:18:23
[SUPER] Plus Extras
1:14:21:06
[SUPER] Kenya: Speaker of the House
1:14:22:19
[SUPER] $14,507 each month
1:14:26:02
[SUPER] Plus Extras
1:14:27:29
[SUPER] Kenya: President
1:14:30:06
[SUPER] $26,000 each month
1:14:33:09
[SUPER] $312,000 per year
1:14:36:11
[SUPER] Germany: Chancellor
1:14:37:26
[SUPER] $303,000 per year
1:14:41:28
[SUPER] $5,596 each month-Extras
1:14:47:27
[SUPER] $187,152 per year
1:15:17:23
[SUPER] Kenya: Millions in Slums
1:15:18:04
[SUPER] $1 a day for most
1:15:47:27
[SUPER] You know what they earn, even for a month, and even for a day, it’s below one dollar.
1:15:57:15
[SUPER] So such things have contributed to the poverty of Mathare
1:16:04:04
[SUPER] sometimes also our politicians take advantage of us;
1:16:09:08
[SUPER] the way people live and the way they see us in a low standard.
1:16:15:08
[SUPER] So such things have contributed to the poverty of Mathare.
1:16:20:26
[SUPER] Lack of education also. People do not understand their rights,
1:16:25:28
[SUPER] they don’t know what they are supposed to be doing or what is theirs. They are just there.
1:16:33:28
[SUPER] I think the problem to solve that is that, the change must start with us.
1:16:40:24
[SUPER] And this is through people being educated,
1:16:45:07
[SUPER] people to know their rights,
1:16:48:19
[SUPER] people to know what they are supposed to be doing,
1:16:52:20
[SUPER] and people to take action and that will bring change.
1:16:56:02
[PAUL COLLIER] If ordinary people, ordinary citizens, are well informed, it makes a big difference. Because our own governments can get a lot smarter than they’ve been. There’s a lot that our governments can do to help, and if they face an uninformed citizenry, instead of doing the smart things, they tend to do the things that are photogenic. They fly into these cities with poor people, kiss a couple of babies, and announce some fatuous announcement and fly back. You know, and so it’s only with a critical mass of informed citizens in our own society that politicians are both disciplined and permitted to adopt more intelligent policies.
1:16:58:16
[SUPER]
Paul Collier
Professor of Economics, Oxford University
Director, Centre for the Study of African Economics
Author, The Bottom Billion
1:18:00:06
[SUPER] Guatemala
1:18:17:23
[NARRATOR] WORK BEGINS ON ANOTHER HOUSE IN LA LIMONADA SLUM IN GUATEMALA CITY.
01:18:26:08
A FEW MORE PEOPLE CRAMMED IN WITH THE SIXTY THOUSAND PEOPLE IN THIS NARROW RAVINE PROBABLY WON’T EVEN BE NOTICED. IT WASN’T ALWAYS SO DENSELY PACKED HERE.
01:18:37:14
FOUNDED BY SPANIARDS IN 1776, GUATEMALA CITY FOLLOWED A GRIDIRON PLAN WITH STREETS RUNNING NORTH TO SOUTH AND EAST TO WEST. THE CITY GREW AND AT THE BEGINNING OF THE 20TH CENTURY IT HAD ONE HUNDRED THOUSAND INHABITANTS.
01:18:52:12
GUATEMALA CITY WAS DESTROYED BY AN EARTHQUAKE IN 1917. RECONSTRUCTION AND MODERNIZATION ATTEMPTS BY THE STATE LED TO NEW EMPLOYMENT IN THE CITY, WHICH LED TO THE IMMIGRATION OF RURAL POPULATIONS.
01:19:05:00
IN 1954, AMERICA’S CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY INSTIGATED A COUP IN GUATEMALA, SETTING OFF DECADES OF INSTABILITY AND REPRESSIVE MILITARY REGIMES IN THE COUNTRY , CAUSING HUGE WAVES OF NEW IMMIGRANTS TO THE CITY.
01:19:19:11
IN FACT, THE POPULATION OF GUATEMALA CITY WENT FROM 285,000 IN 1950 TO 573,000 IN 1964.
01:19:29:29
MANY OF THESE NOW RESIDENTS MOVED INTO HOUSES ABANDONED BY FORMER, WEALTHIER CITIZENS. OTHERS TOOK OVER UNOCCUPIED LANDS, PRODUCING PRECARIOUS NEW SETTLEMENTS THAT HAVE GROWN RAPIDLY. IN 10:19:41:06
1959 FOR EXAMPLE, 600 FAMILIES INVADED THE SIDES OF A GULLY IN ZONE 5, NOT FAR FROM THE OLYMPIC STADIUM, THUS WAS BORN LA LIMONADA, ONE OF THE LARGEST SLUMS IN CENTRAL AMERICA.
01:19:55:29
THE STORY DOESN’T END THERE THOUGH, ANOTHER EARTHQUAKE IN 1976, AND AN ECONOMIC CRISIS, AN ARMED CONFLICT IN THE 1980’S RESULTED IN NEW WAVES OF RURAL IMMIGRANTS FLOODING INTO GUATEMALA CITY.
01:20:10:22
A NEW LIBERAL ORIENTATION OF THE GUATEMALAN ECONOMY IN THE 90’S MADE THINGS EVEN WORSE FOR THE POOR.
01:20:18:08
AND THAT 600 FAMILIES FROM 1959 IS NOW MORE THAN 60,000 PEOPLE CRAMMED INTO A ONE MILE LONG RAVINE.
1:18:47:26
[SUPER] 1900: Population- 100,000
1:19:06:25
[IMAGE]
United
Fruit Company
Bill of Fame
1:19:22:15
[SUPER] Guatemala City
1:19:23:06
[SUPER] 1950:285,000
1:19:26:23
[SUPER] 1964:573,000
1:20:43:04
[NARRATOR] ONE OF THOSE PEOPLE IS TANIA.
1:21:06:24
[TANIA] Well, when I was 15 I became part of a gang, I started to steal and I did many other things. Then I had trouble with the gang, they came here inside my house and shot me. I’ve been in this wheelchair for ten years, they shot me ten years ago and I’m still in this wheelchair. Two years ago I lost one of my legs because of a severe ulcer.
1:21:25:09
[SUPER] Tania Lopez Salas
La Limonada, Guatemala City
1:21:41:19
[TANIA] It has been hard these past ten years, I’ve been back and forth to the hospital. My ulcers are severe and never seem to heal, it just keeps getting worse. It’s hard, I wouldn’t wish this on anyone, people have been telling me that I must be very brave to stay in this wheelchair all the time. Really though, my dad is the only one who is brave, he says I’m strong because God is the one who gives me strength.
1:2:21:04
[NARRATOR] TANIA HAD FOUR BROTHERS, ALL OF THEM HAVE BEEN MURDERED.
1:22:32:15
[TANIA] It’s been very hard. Because when I found out that they killed my brother I said, I am by myself now, I don’t have any brothers anymore. In the mortuary I thought if I wasn’t a bad person, then my brothers wouldn’t have been killed like this. I was the one who should have died in that way, I was supposed to die. Because I did so many bad things, I think my brothers paid for all the bad that I have done.
1:23:17:11
[NARRATOR] TO MAKE ENDS MEET FOR HER AND HER AILING FATHER, TANIA HAS BEEN REDUCED TO BEGGING. EACH MORNING, TANIA’S FATHER PUSHES HER OUT OF THE LA LIMONADA SLUM AND ONTO THE STREETS OF GUATEMALA CITY.
1:24:17:01
[NARRATOR] TANIA SETTLED ON THIS TRAFFIC LIGHT BECAUSE SHE DISCOVERED THAT IT STAYS RED A FEW SECONDS LONGER THAN THE OTHER LIGHTS IN THE CITY, GIVING HER A LITTLE MORE TIME TO ASK FOR HELP AND THEN GET OUT OF THE WAY.
1:24:36:24
[TANIA] It’s hard, I go to work all day for only fifty quetzals. Sometimes I don’t even make that much. But people know me now, even though I was who I was, now I am a different person.
1:24:46:24
[SUPER]
50 Guatemalan Quetzal =
Approximately U.S. $6.50
1:24:55:08
[TANIA] Well, it is embarrassing to tell people what happened when they ask. Sometimes I lie, that it was a car accident. I don’t have the courage to tell them that I’ve been shot, that that’s what happened. I am embarrassed to tell the truth, because people always tell me that you are so young and pretty, it is embarrassing. If only they knew, I think to myself. Usually, people that know me say “here you go” and give me five quetzals. There are others that don’t even look at me. When I pass by them they roll up their windows, they think I’m going to steal something from them. They are probably right, it’s not their duty to give me money, but I need their money, because I don’t have any other source of income. Every day I go by the traffic lights, and there are days that people give me money, and days that I don’t get any. But I don’t have any other place to go, I depend on that.
1:26:09:02
[SOUKENYA] In the world today I think we produce enough food, we have enough water, enough resources, and it is not normal, if I can say it like that that billions of people live like with nothing, I mean one dollar a day, if you have to feed your children. It’s not fair, it’s for me it’s an unfair situation because some have a lot, some doesn’t have anything. Even if you look at some expert working, experts working around the globe on poverty alleviation they are paid more than one thousand euros or one thousand dollars a day so this is unfair situation, that’s what I can say about that.
1:26:14:16
[SUPER]
Soukenya Ndiaye Ba
Exec, Dir: International Network of
Alternative Financial Institutions
Dakar, Senegal
1:27:04:11
[NARRATOR] GUATEMALA IS ONE OF THE MOST BRUTAL PLACES IN THE WESTERN HEMISPHERE TO BE A WOMAN. IN 2008, THE GOVERNMENT OF GUATEMALA CONSERVATIVELY ESTIMATED THAT 10,000 WOMEN WERE RAPED THE PREVIOUS YEAR. THAT’S ABOUT 77 RAPES FOR EVERY 100,000 RESIDENTS.
01:27:23:04
THE LAW ISN’T MUCH OF A HELP HERE. THE DOMESTIC ABUSE LAW STATES THAT CHARGES CAN ONLY BE BROUGHT IF A WOMAN’S BRUISES ARE VISIBLE TEN DAYS AFTER THE INCIDENT. GUATEMALA’S BROKEN JUDICIAL SYSTEM ALLOWS GANGS TO RAPE AND KILL WITH IMPUNITY. ACCORDING TO THE UNITED NATIONS, ONLY TWO PERCENT OF CRIMES ARE BROUGHT TO TRIAL.
01:27:46:22
IN 2008, GUATEMALA PASSED A LAW TO STEM THE TIDE OF BRUTALITY AGAINST WOMEN, YET THAT WAS ALSO THE MOST VIOLENT YEAR TO DATE FOR WOMEN WITH 722 VIOLENT DEATHS REPORTED, PLUS A LOT OF ABUSE CASES.
1:27:49:12
[SUPER] Number of Women Killed
Source: Office of the Human Rights Ombudsman
1:28:09:14
[NARRATOR] SALMA, A GUATEMALAN WOMAN UNDERSTANDS WHAT IT’S LIKE TO LIVE IN A CULTURE OF IMPUNITY. LIKE TANIA, SHE LIVES IN LA LIMONADA, LITERALLY IN THE SHADOW OF GUATEMALA’S MINISTRY OF JUSTICE. THESE ARE THE PEOPLE RESPONSIBLE FOR INVESTIGATING MURDERS AND CRIMES THROUGHOUT THE LAND, YET FOR THEM THE POOR, THE SLUM DWELLERS OF LA LIMONADA DON’T OFFICIALLY EXIST. MURDERS AND CRIMES DOWN HERE IN THE BACKYARD OF THE MINISTRY OF JUSTICE DO NOT GET INVESTIGATED.
1:28:46:16
[SALMA] I was about eight years old. One day my mom came in, and she was very drunk. It was about eleven pm, my sister was with her, they came with some men to the house. One of those men is still living, but the other three have since died. Me and my siblings all slept in one room. When my mom came in, she came with those men, she had spoken with them earlier. My mom told my brothers to leave the room, my mom and my sister left me alone with those men. The men wanted to rape me, but my brother, the one who is still living, I think he realized what was happening. He called people, and he called the police, and one lady who is still living, her name is Candi, she came in with her daughters, and they tried to get me out.
01:29:53:10
The men already had me naked, they had already hurt me, they had done horrible things to me. When those people came to get me out, my mother started to yell at them and ask why they were trying to take care of me. She said I was of no use anymore, that I was worthless. What was God doing, I was only eight years old, I had dreams which she crushed, I dreamed to one day get married, to be somebody, to have a home where, I don’t know, where they would value me or something.
01:30:38:14
Those people were able to get me out of there that day, but my mother was furious, those men had already given her money for me, but she already drank the money, so the men beat her and my sister. My mom started looking for me with an iron, she wanted to put that iron in my private parts to punish me for not giving myself to those men, and because she could not pay them what she had drunk.
01:28:47:28
[SUPER]
Salma
Mother, Resident
of La Limonada
01:31:19:03
[SUPER] Salma’s mother sold her own daughter into the sex trade when she was 9 years old. When Salma escaped at age 13, her mother refused to take her in. In desperation, she went to find her father.
01:31:30:21
[SALMA] So I went to look for my dad, I said to myself, maybe I’ll work, I’ll help them. I didn’t want to live on the streets, I didn’t want to turn into what I had become, I did want that. When I got there, and saw my dad, he and my grandmother let me in. My grandmother took good care of me, but my dad had a lot of resentment towards my mom. And so one day he told me that if I wanted to stay there I would have to give him what my mother would not give him.
01:32:17:02
Well, I was no longer so naïve, I had already suffered so much in the sex trade. So I said to him, hey, in what sense do you want me to serve you, I can wash your clothes, I can cook for you, you’re my father, it’s my obligation. But he told me that as a woman, that as a woman I had to serve him. And I told him that as a woman, no, no, that I.
01:32:56:03
I had been at his home about eight days when he violated me at night. He threatened me, they would not let me go to the door, or communicate with anyone. One night passed, and a whole bunch of nights, then one day I was pregnant from my own father.
01:33:26:26
[SUPER] Salma lost the child. With no where to go, she moved to the streets of Guatemala City.
01:33:41:17
[SALMA] I was 13 years old, I started to sniff glue every day because, some days I had no food, and the glue calmed my hunger, the glue also helped me forget what was happening to me. On the streets I started to steal, to assault trucks and to mug people. I spent a lot of time doing that, just stealing, stealing, stealing. Until one day, a person in a truck got out with a gun pointed at me and my two friends who were also thieves with me. For the first time in my life I had to kill someone. It hurt me a lot. For months, I couldn’t forget how that person died. One day, I said to the Lord, why, why do you allow me to do so many things, why can’t I find someone who will love me, who will take care of me, who will teach me. I don’t want to do this again because now I’m never going to be forgiven, never. I already took someone’s life away, and only God can give it, and only he can take it away. What have I come to.
1:35:07:23
[NARRATOR] SALMA IS NOT ALONE, POVERTY IS A POWERFUL CONTRIBUTOR TO THE SEXUAL EXPLOITATION OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN. ACCORDING TO UNICEF, AN ESTIMATES 1.8 MILLION CHILDREN, MOSTLY GIRLS, ENTER THE MULTI-BILLION DOLLAR COMMERCIAL SEX TRADE EVERY YEAR. INCREASING POVERTY, REDUCED BUDGET FOR SOCIAL SERVICES, AND RESTRICTIVE IMMIGRATION LAWS IN DESTINATION COUNTRIES ARE AMONG THE FACTORS HEIGHTENING CHILDREN’S VULNERABILITY. THE ISSUE IS FURTHER COMPLICATED BY HOUSEHOLD LIVING CONDITIONS THAT FORCE CHILDREN TO EXTREME MEASURES TO HELP THE FAMILY SURVIVE. THE FOURTH WORLD IS EXPECTED TO DOUBLE IN THE COMING YEARS. HOW MANY STORIES LIKE SALMA’S WILL THIS CREATE?
1:35:28:02
[SUPER] “Increasing poverty, reduced budgets for social services, and restrictive immigration laws in ‘destination countries’ are among the factors heightening children’s vulnerability.” ECPAT
1:36:03:24
[SUPER] Philippines
1:36:12:12
[NARRATOR] YOU MIGHT NOT KNOW IT, BUT MANILA IS ACTUALLY ONE OF EAST ASIA’S OLDEST CITIES. PRE-DATING TOKYO, MANILA TRACES IT’S WRITTEN HISTORY TO 1571. THAT’S WHEN SPANISH CONQUISTADORS WRESTED CONTROL OF THE WALLED MUSLIM CITY FROM RAJA SULIMAN. IN THE CENTURIES TO FOLLOW, MANILA GREW INTO A THRIVING CITY. THE SPANISH BROUGHT ROMAN CATHOLICISM TO MANILA, FOUNDING MANY CHURCHES, CONVENTS, AND SCHOOLS. THIS INFLUENCE REMAINS TO THIS DAY, AS THE PHILIPPINES IS THE ONLY ASIAN COUNTRY IN WHICH CHRISTIANITY IS THE PRE-DOMINANT FAITH.
1:37:00:18
[NARRATOR] SPANISH RULE OF THE PHILIPPINES WAS NOT TO LAST. THE SPANISH AMERICAN WAR BEGUN IN CUBA, SPREAD TO MANILA IN 1898. WHEN THE WAR WAS OVER, THE UNITED STATES PAID SPAIN 20 MILLION DOLLARS FOR THEIR FORMER COLONY. FILIPINOS ONCE AGAIN FOUND THEMSELVES UNDER FOREIGN RULE AND THEY WENT TO WAR AGAINST THE AMERICANS IN 1899. THE PHILIPPINE-AMERICAN WAR CONTINUED THROUGH 1903. WORLD WAR 2 INTERRUPTED THE PROCESS OF INDEPENDENCE WHEN THE JAPANESE OCCUPIED MANILA FOR 3 YEARS. MANILA WAS SEVERELY DAMAGED BY THE BOMBINGS OF WORLD WAR 2. OF NATIONAL CAPITALS, ONLY WARSAW POLAND SUFFERED GREATER DESTRUCTION.
01:37:49:14
[SUPER] Philippine’s Independence Proclaimed -Ben Grauer-
1:37:54:08
[HISTORIC NARRATOR] AFTER FORTY-EIGHT YEARS OF AMERICAN SOVEREIGNTY THE PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES ASSUME THE STATUS OF AN INDEPENDENT NATION. THE TRANSFER IS MADE ON THE FOURTH OF JULY…
01:38:02:05
[NARRATOR] ON THE FOURTH OF JULY, 1946, THE PHILIPPINE FLAG WAS RAISED FOR THE FIRST TIME IN RIZAL PARK IN MANILA AND THE NATION CELEBRATED IT’S FIRST DAY OF INDEPENDENCE.
01:38:12:29
[HISTORICAL NARRATION FROM THE CLIP] THIS LAND, AND THIS PEOPLE …
01:38:20:01
BUT ANOTHER DARK CHAPTER CAME IN THE RULE OF THE DICTATOR, FERDINAND MARCOS. FOR MORE THAN 20 YEARS, MANILA LANGUISHED UNDER HIS AUTHORITARIAN RULE. BUT THE PEOPLE POWER REVOLUTION EXPLODED ON THE STREETS OF MANILA IN 1986. WHILE THE WHOLE WORLD WATCHED, MANILANS DEFIED THE MIGHT OF THE MARCOS DICTATORSHIP AND STAGED AN UNPRECEDENTED EVENT IN HISTORY, A REVOLUTION WITHOUT BLOODSHED.
01:38:45:12
[IMAGE] PEOPLE POWER!
01:38:57:14
[NARRATOR] TODAY, MANILA IS A FASCINATING MIX OF CULTURES. FILIPINO, AMERICAN, SPANISH, AND ABORIGINAL ALL COMBINE TO FORM A UNIQUE BLEND OF WORLDVIEW AND OUTLOOK.
01:39:16:19
[NARRATOR] ONE DESTINATION FOR TOURISTS TO EXPERIENCE SOME OF THAT CULTURE AND HISTORY IS INTRAMUROS, THE OLD SPANISH FORT THAT ORIGINALLY MADE UP WHAT WE NOW CALL MANILA. ON THE OPPOSITE END OF THE SPECTRUM, AND JUST A FEW MILES AWAY, IS MAKATI, ONE OF THE RICHEST DISTRICTS OF THE CITY.
01:39:39:27
[NARRATOR] AND JUST A FEW MILES FROM THE WEALTH OF MAKATI IS A BRIDGE THAT SPANS A CHANNEL THAT EMPTIES OUT INTO THE BAY OF MANILA, UNDER THAT BRIDGE IS AN ENTIRELY DIFFERENT WORLD. A WORLD WHERE JOVELYN, A 15-YEAR-OLD-GIRL WHO LIVES WITH HER PARENTS AND BROTHERS AS THEY, PART OF THE 1 BILLION PEOPLE LIVING IN SLUMS, TRY TO SURVIVE YET ANOTHER DAY IN THE FOURTH WORLD.
01:40:38:25
[NARRATOR] JOVELYN IS A BRIGHT EYED GIRL WHO LOVES SCHOOL AND WANTS TO BE A NURSE. HER SCHOOL IN LAS PINAS IS SO PACKED THAT IT HAS TO EDUCATE IN SHIFTS. JOVELYN’S GROUP IS DONE BY NOON SO ANOTHER 3,000 OR SO STUDENTS CAN USE THE FACILITIES IN THE AFTERNOON.
01:41:06:22
IF WE STOPPED THE STORY NOW, WITH THESE IMAGES IN MIND, WE WOULD ENVISION JOVELYN AS A NORMAL TEENAGE GIRL WITH NORMAL TEENAGE CONCERNS. FOR OTHERS LIKE HER, WHO INHABIT THE FOURTH WORLD, HER STORY IS NORMAL, BUT FOR THE BILLIONS OF MIDDLE AND UPPER CLASS PEOPLE ON PLANET EARTH, HERS IS A HORRIFYING DILEMMA.
1:41:37:02
[NARRATOR] ELVIE COMES TO SCHOOL TO WALK HER DAUGHTER HOME. LET’S PAUSE A MOMENT TO FIGURE THIS OUT. FORTY-FIVE MINUTES AWAY ON FOOT IS THE PULANG LUPA BARANGAY IN LAS PINAS CITY. THERE’S A DUMP THERE WHICH SUSTAINS HUNDREDS OF PEOPLE FROM THIS COMMUNITY. MOST OF THEM LIVE IN A SLUM NEARBY, BUT A SMALL GROUP OF PEOPLE HAVE MADE LITTLE HOVELS FOR THEMSELVES UNDERNEATH THIS BRIDGE.
1:42:15:09
[NARRATOR] OK, BACK TO JOVELYN AND HER MOTHER. THEY MAKE THE WALK FROM THE SCHOOL, THROUGH THE DUMP, THROUGH THE SLUM, AND UNDER THE BRIDGE TO WHAT THEY CALL HOME.
1:43:22:03
[SUPER] Jovelyn and her entire family live in this small structure.
1:43:37:05
[JOVELYN] All I want to do is finish my education, even if I just finish high school that would be ok. Then I can get a job and help my parents, help my brothers so they can go to school. Right now, I feel really bad for my brother because sometimes he’ll go an entire week without going to school. It’s normal for him to go to the garbage every day to scavenge, and of course there are the school fees of 1000 pesos. It would be difficult for us to pay that. I do my homework during the night. We don’t have electricity; we just use a gas lamp. Sometimes when the wind blows it blows out the light, and it’s so difficult to study and do my homework. Living here is difficult for us, sometimes we go without eating, that’s hard, so my ultimate goal now is to finish my education and help my brothers and sisters.
1:43:39:18
[SUPER]
Jovelyn Alquino
Resident: Bridge Community
Greater Metro Manila, Philippines
1:44:47:18
[NARRATOR] OVERHEAD, THOUSANDS OF VEHICLES RUMBLE OVER THIS BRIDGE EACH DAY WITH PASSENGERS THAT HAVE NO IDEA THAT GENERATIONS OF FILIPINOS ARE LIVING OUT THEIR LIVES JUST A FEW FEET BELOW THEIR WHEELS.
1:45:41:25
[NARRATOR] NOW THAT SCHOOL IS OVER, IT’S TIME FOR JOVELYN TO HELP OUT IN THE FAMILY BUSINESS. ARNEL, HER TWELVE-YEAR-OLD-BROTHER, IS FAST AT FILLING A BUCKET WITH POTENTIAL RECYCLABLES.
01:46;10:06
JOVELYN AND HER PARENTS CAREFULLY SEARCH THROUGH MANILA’S GARBAGE LOOKING FOR PLASTIC, CARDBOARD, COPPER, ANYTHING THAT CAN BE SOLD. IT’S A VALUABLE SERVICE FOR A CITY WITHOUT AN ORGANIZED RECYCLING PLAN.
1:46:38:22
[NARRATOR] ON A GOOD DAY, JOSE SAYS THE FAMILY CAN MAKE ABOUT 200 PESOS. WITH AN EXCHANGE RATE OF 47 PESOS FOR A DOLLAR, THAT’S JUST OVER FOUR DOLLARS. FIVE PEOPLE, WORKING 6 HOURS A DAY IN THE GARBAGE IS 30 HOURS. 30 HOURS DIVIDED BY FOUR DOLLARS IS SEVEN AND A HALF CENTS PER HOUR.
1:46:41:20
[SUPER] 200 Pesos Per Day
1:46:44:10
[SUPER] $1 = 47 Pesos
1:46:46:26
[SUPER] Total: $4
1:46:50:18
[SUPER] 5 Family Members working 6 hours per day: 30 Hours
1:46:57:09
[SUPER] 30 Hours / Total: $4
1:46:59:08
[SUPER] 7.5 cents per hour
1:47:05:03
[NARRATOR] THESE ARE NOT LAZY PEOPLE. JOVELYN’S MOTHER ALSO SELLS FISH IN MAKATI, THE RICH PART OF TOWN. SHE GETS UP AT 3 AM TO BUY FISH AT THE MARKET, THEN GOES DOOR TO DOOR, SELLING HER PRODUCT FOR A SMALL PROFIT. THIS SUPPLEMENTS THE SEVEN AND A HALF CENTS PER HOUR.
1:47:31:21
[SUPER]Jose Alquino
Resident: Bridge Community
Jovelyn’s Father
1:47:31:21
[JOSE] What I want most is education for my children, I want them to finish grade six, even elementary school, because right now we can hardly think of a source of income that would allow us to send them to high school. But we are so grateful that our oldest daughter, we can send her to high school, but we dream really, for all our children to finish school and have a degree, a good education because I value education, I don’t have a high school education. I only finished elementary school, my parents weren’t able to send me to school. I don’t want my children to have the same experience that I had. Maybe some of them will be politicians. But deep in my heart what I want most for us is that we will all survive and be together.
1:48:27:11
[SUPER] Since this interview was filmed, Jovelyn has run away from home.
1:48:39:02
[SUPER] Her location is uncertain.
1:49:00:28
[NARRATOR] THE UNITED NATION’S HUMAN SETTLEMENTS PROGRAM PREDICTS THAT THE 1 BILLION PEOPLE LIVING IN SLUMS COULD INCREASE TO 3 BILLION IN THE NEXT FEW DECADES. THE SOCIAL IMPLICATIONS OF THIS ARE PROFOUND.
1:48:17:03
[MIKE] If you look at the case of someone like Felix, who’s a representative of the single greatest creative resource this planet possesses, which is a generation of incredibly bright, striving, poor, young people, wanting to rebuild their cities, their countries, desperate for a future. Why isn’t he allowed to do that, it’s not just so much a question of why he’s poor, but why is he so utterly marginalized. Course, Kenya, in some ways is a spectacular case, because Kenyans, like FILIPINOS, very successful in school. Nothing more important than to get your child in a secondary school, get a degree. But like so many other countries the bitter truth is that even a college degree or degree from a trade or administrative school, doesn’t get you very far these days. And of course, the most dangerous people in the world are precisely the poor kids who have done everything by the book, who have acquired education, who had the skills, and then find that their future is kind of looted in advance. They’re the ones who risk their lives in boats trying to get to southern Europe, or they immigrate here. They’re also the ones who will burn our world down, unless this changes.
1:49:33:11
[SUPER]
Mike Davis
Professor: University of California
Author: “Planet of Slums”
1:51:05:12
[NARRATOR] THERE’S NOTHING NOBLE OR WONDERFUL ABOUT THE FOURTH WORLD, IT’S A HORRIBLE, AWFUL PLACE. OFTEN FILLED WITH SUCH A STENCH, YOU CAN HARDLY RID YOURSELF OF IT. WE MUST NOT IDEALIZE THIS WORLD, NOR IT’S INHABITANTS. NOR MUST WE DO WHAT WE’VE BEEN DOING, IGNORE IT, WISH IT WOULD GO AWAY, PRETEND IT DOESN’T EXIST. IT DOES EXIST, AND IT WILL CONTINUE TO EXIST. THE TRUTH IS, THE FOURTH WORLD IS FULL OF TALENT AND OPPORTUNITY. IT’S A HOTBED FOR INNOVATION AND ENTREPRENEURS. PEOPLE WHO CAN SURVIVE THESE CONDITIONS DESERVE A BETTER CHANCE. FOR MANY SLUM DWELLERS, THE SLUM IS A TRANSITIONAL PLACE ON THE WAY TO MIDDLE CLASS. FOR OTHERS, IT’S AN ESCAPE FROM RURAL LIFE, WHERE THE TEDIUM AND MONOTONY MIGHT BE WORSE THAN THE POVERTY ITSELF. FOR STILL OTHERS, THE SLUM IS THE END OF THE ROAD, THERE WILL BE NO ESCAPE. WHATEVER IT IS, THE FOURTH WORLD DESPERATELY NEEDS THE WORLD’S ATTENTION. THE PEOPLE OF THE FOURTH WORLD, EACH WITH A NAME AND A DREAM, DESERVE BETTER THAN THIS.
1:52:44:17
[SUPER]
PRODUCERS
Mark Volkers
Hani Yang
WRITER
Mark Volkers
CAMERA
Jess Brauning
Peter Hessels
Piper Kroeze
Dale Vande Griend
Mark Volkers
John Wagenaar
EDITORS
Mark Volkers A.C.U.
Dale Vande Griend A.C.U.
NARRATION
Emily Hageman
April Hubbard
Corey Muilenberg
Teresa Ter Haar
Mark Volkers
MUSIC
Sonic Fire
SPECIAL THANKS TO
PHILIPPINES
Rachel Baguilat
Marian Bernardino
Corrie DeBoer
Joe Lamigo
Lem Rosellon
Ronnel Severa
KENYA
Ted Hochstatter
John Makwata
David Matinde
John Ndigwa of Aramati Safaris
Shadrack and Violet Ogembo
Daniel and Magdaline Ogutu
GUATEMALA
Joel Aguilar
Kate Dundon
Tita Evertsz
Joel VanDyke
James Volkers
INDIA
Jeremy Victor
Josh Visser
SENEGAL
Bridget Smith
Ousmane Soh
USA
Dordt College: for being a wonderful partner in this adventure.
Corensa: you know who you are.
Janelle … for everything.
A special thanks to the Digital Media Students at Dordt College.
Your passion and idealism are an inspiration to me.
Jess Brauning
Kelly Cooke
Vern Eekhoff
Evan Gulstine
Peter Hessels
Andrew Horner
Dan Kauten
Luke Kreykes
Piper Kroeze
Michelle Nyhoff
Danielle Roos
Alvin Shim
Dale Vande Griend
Phil VanMaanen
Hani Yang
©2012 Mark Volkers
01:54:14:00
www.fourthworldfilm.com
01:54:18:25
Prairie Grass Productions
Dordt College