Number

Start time (hh:mm:ss:ff)

End time (hh:mm:ss:ff)

Titles

Dialogues + Narration

1

00:00:03:12

00:00:11:23

For over thirty years in cities and towns throughout the nation,

America has been fighting what is officially known as 'The War on Drugs'.

2

00:00:13:00

00:00:07:12

What's largely unknown until now is that during that time America's

armed forces has been going to war on mind altering narcotics.

3

00:00:23:02

00:00:07:12

Amphetamines, known to drug addicts worldwide as 'speed'

are regularly given to us servicemen going into battle.

4

00:00:31:22

00:00:07:12

The use of amphetamines and other drugs by military personnel is

really the dirty secret that the air force and the military has.

5

00:00:40:08

00:00:07:12

Today The Pentagon finally admits giving the drugs, but insists they're safe.

6

00:00:45:09

00:00:07:12

This is fact: we have never found anyone

to have suffered any kind of adverse affect from it.

7

00:00:50:20

00:00:07:12

Not according to US servicemen who despite

threat of recrimination in a country obsessed

8

00:00:55:21

00:00:07:12

with security and secrecy are willing to

describe the true effects of war fought on drugs.

9

00:01:03:06

00:00:07:12

Claustrophobic, I was going to say Schizophrenic

10

00:01:07:07

00:00:07:12

I was dancing... if you can dance in a small cockpit I was about as close as you can get to it.

11

00:01:14:11

00:00:07:12

Well yeah, a lot of times as a fighter pilot we would say speed is life, speed is life, well

12

00:01:18:10

00:00:07:12

in this case, speed became death.

13

00:01:21:08

00:00:07:12

You killed people under the influence of drugs?

- Yes

14

00:01:26:05

00:00:07:12

Drugs given to you by the military?

- Yes

15

00:01:30:14

00:01:37:04

In the Hollywood movie Top Gun, Tom Cruise cries out

'I have a need! A need for speed!'

16

00:01:37:05

00:01:41:20

The American Military has been taking his words literally for years.

17

00:01:49:20

00:01:54:02

April 2003, Southern Iraq:

18

00:01:54:18

00:02:01:02

Just a few hundred feet above an British convoy

an American A10 Tankbuster aircraft begins circling

19

00:02:01:08

00:02:06:10

there should be no reason for concern

as the vehicles have bright identification marks

20

00:02:06:10

00:02:10:01

and national flags painted on the side.

21

00:02:10:01

00:02:13:07

We had noticed it was an

American plane, but I didn't

22

00:02:13:07

00:02:16:17

want to believe it was; because

it's friendly, isn't it?

23

00:02:16:17

00:02:20:09

Only 50 feet above the ground,

on a perfectly clear day the

24

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00:02:23:22

A10 attacks then circles to

prepare for a second run.

25

00:02:23:23

00:02:31:04

Trooper CHRIS FINNEY, Household Cavalry

When I saw the pilots face the second time he came around,

and I spotted it was an A10

26

00:02:31:04

00:02:37:02

and it was hard to... I dunno, yeah it was weird.

27

00:02:37:02

00:02:40:20

Inexplicably the plane attacks again.

28

00:02:40:21

00:02:46:19

Trooper Finney is injured and his friend Lance Corporal Matty Hull killed.

29

00:02:46:20

00:02:52:14

One soldier in his unit called the pilot a cowboy"

30

00:02:52:14

00:02:59:18

my friends used to joke that it wasn't the Iraqis

I had to worry about, it's the Americans.

31

00:02:59:19

00:03:09:15

Air Marshall Sir             TIMOTHY GARDEN, Fmr Assistant Chief, Defence Staff

On the face of it, the circumstances if you have got

good visibility in an aircraft which like

32

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00:03:15:07

the A10 is designed to do visual identification of targets,

it gets fairly close to the target

33

00:03:15:07

00:03:17:14

as well so it gives you plenty of time to look at it.

34

00:03:17:14

00:03:23:03

On the face of it, these events should not happen.

35

00:03:23:04

00:03:26:07

The British are angry because this wasn't the first time,

36

00:03:26:08

00:03:31:15

and they now know that US pilots are routinely

issued with what they call Go Pills""

37

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00:03:35:04

Dexedrine Amphetamines

38

00:03:36:18

00:03:43:13

Lt. Col. TOM HEEMSTRA

There's a dream that's born when you're young and

you want to be in that airplane and then once you're in

39

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00:03:51:14

experiencing the thrill of flying you can't ever get away from it...

you want to be back there every moment that you can.

40

00:03:51:14

00:03:57:02

Lieutenant Colonel Tom Heemstra

was an air force top gun in every sense of the word.

41

00:03:57:02

00:04:00:00

In a military career spanning 20 years,

42

00:04:00:00

00:04:04:13

he flew over 3000 hours, 15 combat missions,

43

00:04:04:14

00:04:09:16

and reached the ultimate goal,

becoming commander of an f16 fighter squadron.

44

00:04:11:13

00:04:21:21

The freedom that you feel in the airplane, the control you have over a supersonic

thunderous jet and all the power that comes with that is incredible.

45

00:04:21:22

00:04:30:20

But when Heemstra informed congress about the military's policy of plying drugs and

vaccines on his men the air force set out to destroy his career.

46

00:04:30:20

00:04:35:20

The punishment was to be enforced to resign as squadron commander or be fired...

47

00:04:35:20

00:04:45:09

so I resigned and of course the congressmen heard about that,

that I was put in a position where I was punished in violation of whistleblower laws.

48

00:04:45:09

00:04:48:23

They asked me to come to Washington to testify

49

00:04:49:00

00:04:56:18

This time the air force grounded him,

and after a 3rd trip to Washington he was forced to retire.

50

00:04:56:18

00:05:01:13

Heemstra started to write a book about the militaries use of the anthrax vaccine.

51

00:05:01:14

00:05:08:14

In the process he obtained his medical records,

there amongst the whole list of drugs was Dexedrine.

52

00:05:09:23

00:05:16:23

I was kind of shocked and then as I read those documents

I was even more shocked to find out the list of symptoms.

53

00:05:17:00

00:05:20:15

You know back then I was just a young gung ho pilot, but now I think...

54

00:05:20:15

00:05:27:10

you know, you put that all in a cockpit environment

under these kind of wartime conditions,

55

00:05:27:11

00:05:35:19

and you go, I'm not sure that compounded, these effects would be very good for a pilot

having to make decisions of life or death

56

00:05:35:23

00:05:38:15

that are affecting people on the ground in terms of life or death.

57

00:05:39:01

00:05:46:01

Dexedrine is a schedule 2 controlled narcotic,

just below heroin and on a par with morphine and cocaine.

58

00:05:46:04

00:05:53:12

According to the manufacturer known side

effects include palpitations, high blood pressure

59

00:05:53:12

00:06:02:05

dizziness, euphoria, dysphoria,

headaches, insomnia, and hyperactivity.

60

00:06:06:03

00:06:15:03

Normally prescribed for people suffering psychological problems even

driving a car can be a hazardous activity while under the influence

61

00:06:16:11

00:06:25:18

but imagine that car was an adrenaline pumping

40 million dollar combat aircraft flying at twice the speed of sound.

62

00:06:25:18

00:06:38:22

Dr. ROBERT DUPONT, Professor of Psychiatry, Georgetown University 

At high doses they can lead to addiction where people really get hooked and

strung out on them and where they can become paranoid unable to sleep for example.

63

00:06:38:22

00:06:46:23

People have runs of amphetamines where they will stay awake

for several days and be extremely crazy including violent behaviour.

64

00:06:46:23

00:06:49:10

They took them like it was candy

65

00:06:50:13

00:07:03:06

RAY' – F-16 Pilot

and I remember, I assume just because we were flying so much,

and we didn't have any kind of schedule at all, it helped our bodies.

66

00:07:03:18

00:07:12:18

I know of one guy who almost got hooked on them, he was asking for them all the time.

67

00:07:12:18

00:07:19:06

In Washington, the revelation that its armed forces are

fighting wars using drug stimulants has come as a shock.

68

00:07:19:06

00:07:28:09

BOBB BARR, Republican Party 

Here we have a major effort on the part our government

at all levels to fight the distribution, the use, the trafficking in mind altering drugs

69

00:07:28:10

00:07:39:19

such as Amphetamines and Methamphetamines, and while we are doing that on the other hand the government

seems to be encouraging the use of the illicit and illegal substances by our military.

70

00:07:40:18

00:07:47:11

Was the militaries use of amphetamines a factor in the friendly fire deaths of recent wars?

71

00:07:47:23

00:07:57:09

And was the official issue of these drugs responsible for any of the thousands

of civilians killed by bombs in Iraq, Kosovo and Afghanistan?

72

00:08:00:07

00:08:07:20

Inevitably though, it's when you kill your own allies that you begin to suspect something could be very wrong.

73

00:08:08:07

00:08:15:08

Well I didn't really think about it very seriously until the friendly fire incident

where the Canadian troops were killed by

74

00:08:15:09

00:08:22:23

one of our F16 fighter pilot elements there in the war.

75

00:08:23:08

00:08:31:11

These Canadian soldiers had arrived in Afghanistan to support

the international effort against Al Qaeda and the Taliban.

76

00:08:31:11

00:08:35:03

4 left in coffins, victims of friendly fire.

77

00:08:35:03

00:08:38:06

But this was no ordinary accident of war.

78

00:08:39:14

00:08:47:17

Sgt. LORNE FORD, Canadian Infantry 

While at the time we were doing a night live fire training exercise,

just utilizing some of our platoon and section weapons.

79

00:08:47:17

00:08:52:11

The exercise was going really well,

the firing was going as it should

80

00:08:52:11

00:09:03:01

and towards the end of the exercise itself

I heard a jet flyover very quick

81

00:09:03:01

00:09:11:13

and looked up just wondering what it was

and within less than a second I heard the bomb coming in

82

00:09:11:18

00:09:17:12

The incident took place in the early hours of April 18th 2002.

83

00:09:17:13

00:09:26:10

The two American pilots on night patrol believed the Canadian

army exercise is actually an attack on their planes by Taliban forces on the ground.

84

00:09:27:10

00:09:30:05

This is the actual voice recording:

85

00:09:30:05

00:09:37:00

Okay I've got a... err. I've got some men on a road and it looks like a piece of artillery firing at us..."

86

87

00:09:39:08

00:09:41:08

A 500 pound bomb is primed.

88

00:09:41:15

00:09:44:03

Bombs away

89

00:09:44:03

00:09:48:16

The explosion can be seen bottom left

90

00:09:53:11

00:09:55:11

Good shot.""

91

00:09:55:12

00:09:59:22

Suddenly the controller aboard the reconnaissance plane issues a warning.

92

00:10:00:04

00:10:01:08

Disengage..."

93

- It's been declared self defence

94,00:10:06:22,00:10:11:04,- Wow I hope that was the right thing to do

*sigh*

- me too.""

95

00:10:13:15

00:10:14:21

It wasn't.

96

00:10:14:21

00:10:22:04

Sgt. Ford lost his right eye in the explosion, and his

leg was shattered. He will never see active duty again

97

00:10:23:16

00:10:29:03

The only people that really know what happened are the two pilots,

exactly if they were right or wrong

98

00:10:29:04

00:10:34:11

I mean I know from being on the receiving end that a huge mistake was made.

99

00:10:34:12

00:10:41:14

We lost 4 of our outstanding soldiers, and it should not have happened.

100

00:10:41:14

00:10:50:01

The 2 American F16 pilots involved were Major Bill Umbach (on the left)

and Major Harry who fired the missile.

101

00:10:53:05

00:11:00:12

They had been given dexedrine 'go pills' prior to the flight,

which the air force claims are simply mild stimulants

102

00:11:00:13

00:11:03:23

to keep pilots awake and alerts during long missions.

103

00:11:06:12

00:11:13:04

Maj. Gen. DAN LEAF, Air Force Surgeon General's Office

We trust our aviators with high risk missions, high value equipment, life or death decisions.

104

00:11:13:04

00:11:21:05

We provide them this as a tool with medical advice under

prescription from a physician and then we trust their judgement.

105

00:11:21:06

00:11:28:02

They may trust their aviators but they clearly

don't trust journalists who might ask awkward questions,

106

00:11:28:02

00:11:32:15

because we actually didn't conduct that interview.

107

00:11:32:20

00:11:39:09

Instead we waited in a car park where a package containing

a videotape was delivered to us.

108

00:11:48:09

00:11:55:20

No one was available to talk, even about general policy.

and we had no opportunity to challenge the experts on this tape.

109

00:11:55:20

00:12:02:07

This is why the air force gives drugs to its pilots,

courtesy of Armed Forces Television (AFTV).

110

00:12:05:11

00:12:12:07

It serves the purpose, gets you through that valley of fatigue,

keeps your performance at an acceptable standard.

111

00:12:12:07

00:12:20:13

There's no drug like effect,

it simply allows you to fight through the fatigue and fly normally.

112

00:12:20:13

00:12:32:03

Col. PETE DEMITRY, Air Force Surgeon General's Office

Our programme is safe and effective we know its safe because we have never had an

attributable causal occurrence that has been shown to be related to the stimulant.

113

00:12:34:05

00:12:37:07

But as anger grew in canada over the friendly fire deaths,

114

00:12:37:08

00:12:44:10

in late 2002 The Pentagon announced a military hearing to determine

whether the pilots should face court martial.

115

00:12:44:10

00:12:48:18

Conviction could result in up to 64 years in prison.

116

00:12:48:18

00:12:55:00

But why single out this case when there had been so many similar incidents in previous wars?

117

00:12:57:18

00:13:08:03

Prof. FRANCIS BOYLE, University of Illinois

It was very important for the Bush administration to try to get the support of Canada for Iraq

118

00:13:08:03

00:13:29:09

to convince people that here in the USA as a domestic public relations issue, that there was such

a thing as a coalition fighting terrorism in Afghanistan or destroying weapons of mass destruction.

119

00:13:29:09

00:13:39:23

A Canadian board of enquiry had already found that the actions of the pilots were the primary cause

for the injuries and death and concluded there had been a failure of airmanship and technique.

120

00:13:40:03

00:13:48:07

But the board did not know the pilots Heemstra and Schmitt had been issued with amphetamines and would use this as a major part of their defence;

121

00:13:48:07

00:13:52:21

a factor The Pentagon had hoped would remain secret.

122

00:13:54:21

00:14:11:10

The question is could they have possibly behaved recklessly under these

circumstances when they had basically been forced to take the 'go pills'?

123

00:14:11:16

00:14:17:15

When defence lawyers for the pilots raised this issue at

the hearing a furore broke out.

124

00:14:17:15

00:14:25:18

They claimed the drugs had never properly been tested,

and that the clients judgement had been affected under the influence of speed.

125

00:14:25:21

00:14:31:20

CHARLES GITTINS, Maj. Schmidt''s Lawyer 

There has never been cases where it has been tested in stressful

environments like in an emergency

126

00:14:31:20

00:14:33:20

to determine that it may have a judgement impairing effect.

127

00:14:33:21

00:14:38:22

We know that it does have a judgment impairing effect

for people, for example, who are driving.

128

00:14:38:22

00:14:45:16

So it would stand to reason that there would be a judgement effect

for somebody operating under stress in an aircraft.

129

00:14:45:16

00:14:53:07

Nobody knows what the effect is and yes maybe these

go pills were tested in a peacetime environment

130

00:14:53:07

00:15:00:02

under very controlled conditions, but thats nothing

compared to these extreme battle conditions.

131

00:15:00:02

00:15:13:09

Neither pilot can speak publically but Bobonback, Bills brother and a fireman in Sprigfield Illinois

is convinced his brother would never have taken the narcotics had he been given a choice.

132

00:15:14:19

00:15:22:10

When Bill grew up he never took drugs, none of us did. That was just terrible.

133

00:15:22:10

00:15:33:08

Now, in a certain sense, Bill and Harry were not actually Bill and Harry as they were forced to take drugs.

My understanding is that if you (don't) take the drugs you don't go on the mission.

134

00:15:33:08

00:15:41:00

BOB UMBACH 

He believes that the drugs are a factor in this.

To what extent nobody can know.

135

00:15:41:00

00:15:52:21

Harry may not know, Bill may not know for sure, but yeah I think the drugs are a factor of impairing judgement, and there were judgement calls made

136

00:15:56:11

00:16:06:22

First of all the air force is completely in compliance with all federal

laws, regulations and policies for the dispensing of all medications in the air force.

137

00:16:07:20

00:16:16:17

But using Dexedrine to combat fatigue runs contrary to the US Food and Drugs Administration

which has not approved dexedrine for that purpose.

138

00:16:16:17

00:16:22:07

This, in effect, makes it an experimental drug as used by the air force.

139

00:16:26:08

00:16:34:20

LAWYER - Federal Law says that when you're using an experimental drug, like these

pilots were given, that you are supposed to be provided informed consent,

140

00:16:34:20

00:16:43:08

and that informed consent means that the air force is required to tell you about

all the risks of that drug and the air force didn't do that in this case.

141

00:16:44:16

00:16:53:20

But the air force does provide its men with informed consent forms which they

must sign before receiving Dexedrine. Although some side effects are listed,

142

00:16:53:20

00:17:08:16

including insomnia nervousness and addiction the word amphetamine

is nowhere to be found, one word that does appear is voluntary.

143

00:17:08:16

00:17:13:00

It is completely voluntary, and I think there is some misinformation out there on it.

144

00:17:13:00

00:17:23:12

On the consent form where aircrew member acknowledge that they're receiving

advice and the prescription of 'go pills', on 6 places on the form it says that it is voluntary.

145

00:17:23:12

00:17:34:08

It also says in our directive the message of the Air Force Headquarters. It

says the use must be emphasised as voluntary, it's a voluntary programme.

146

00:17:35:11

00:17:46:20

But at the bottom of the consent form it states:

should I choose not to take it under circumstances where its use appears indicated I understand safety considerations"

147

may compel my commander upon advice of my flight surgeon to determine whether or not I should be considered unfit to fly a given mission.""

148

00:17:56:06

00:18:08:21

PATRICK GARRETT, globalsecurity.org

There's an unspoken coercion that is taking place in that pilots are expected to use the drug because it

maintains their performance and ensures that they will not be falling asleep over their mission objective

149

00:18:08:21

00:18:20:13

but in reality pilots who don't take the drug it means they are not going top be given operational tasking orders,

they are not going to be allowed to fly and quite frankly it will be reflected poorly in their records.

150

00:18:20:13

00:18:31:22

Cpt. STEVE TATE, F-15 Pilot

I would never not take a 'go pill' if I knew my squadron commander wouldn't of put me on that mission that

first night or any other night I'd say give me the 'go pill'

151

00:18:31:22

00:18:42:07

If you were told you have to take a substance or you don't fly.

What would be the reaction amongst the other pilots and yourself?

152

00:18:42:08

00:18:47:06

Well you see it's an immediate no brainer.

You do whatever it takes to stay in the cockpit.

153

00:18:47:06

00:18:54:02

We gave a copy of the consent form to Francis Boyle,

Professor of Law at the University of Illinois

154

00:18:54:02

00:19:03:20

It's truly is an extraordinary document from a legal perspective,

I'm even surprised The Pentagon lawyers allowed this to

155

00:19:03:20

00:19:13:08

be put into print. When you come to the bottom of the document

they make it clear that if they don't take the Dexedrine

156

00:19:13:08

00:19:25:19

they are not going to fly. So basically negating the voluntary

nature of the consent they are giving, and thus arguably

157

00:19:25:19

00:19:36:03

running afoul of the Nuremberg Code on medical experimentation,

as incorporated into The Pentagon's own internal law.

158

00:19:36:12

00:19:41:21

They're getting you to sign the documents so they can cover

themselves and say 'well, we have informed consent'.

159

00:19:41:21

00:19:47:05

But they haven't really informed if they've not tested

or told us that this is really an amphetamine

160

00:19:47:05

00:19:50:04

that you're putting into your body.

Yeah we call it Dexedrine, who knows what Dexedrine is?

161

00:19:50:04

00:19:52:04

But it's an Amphetamine!

162

00:19:52:04

00:19:56:19

And they're drugs, and they're illegal drugs

and you can't operate heavy equipment

163

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00:20:02:04

and you shouldn't drive cars and yet we're going to put a guy in an F16 demanding cockpit

164

00:20:02:08

00:20:14:15

[ominous soundscape, indecipherable radio speak]

165

00:20:15:17

00:20:19:19

You would just go out with the flight surgeon

and you carried a baggy

166

00:20:19:19

00:20:23:03

and he would just give you however many

'go pills' you wanted, he'd just scoop 'em in there...

167

00:20:23:03

00:20:28:23

so you were always carrying at probably

at least 10-20 'go pills' and you just took them as needed

168

00:20:28:23

00:20:31:19

You could take them when you were flying, when you weren't flying.

169

00:20:34:02

00:20:40:12

Schmidt and Umbach were not the only airmen to

experience problems the air force claims don't exist

170

00:20:40:20

00:20:48:23

Steve Tate is a hero of Desert Storm,

famed for shooting down the first Iraqi fighter on the opening night of the war

171

00:20:49:16

00:20:55:19

In the air or on the ground following a mission,

his reaction to the Amphetamines was extreme.

172

00:20:55:20

00:21:00:10

I guess I best remember it as almost paranoia.

173

00:21:00:10

00:21:12:17

I felt... I had a dizziness, I wasn't 'falling over dizzy',

but there was a little bit of a tumbling sensation going on

174

00:21:12:18

00:21:20:10

I felt paranoia where I was nervous and skittish

about what was around me and what was happening

175

00:21:20:10

00:21:23:12

I wasn't in complete control.

176

00:21:23:23

00:21:28:09

Tate took far fewer of the pills than most of his squadron;

177

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00:21:34:09

5 mg every 4 hours. The very dose recommended by the military.

178

00:21:34:10

00:21:42:01

For me in was pretty much the same symptoms,

just being claustrophobic... I was almost going to say schizophrenic.

179

00:21:42:01

00:21:45:08

What about your colleagues?

Some suffered more than others?

180

00:21:45:08

00:21:47:08

Correct.

181

00:21:47:08

00:21:54:18

Erm... We had, you know, some guys

in the squadron that were taking them like candy

182

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00:22:01:10

I haven't been in touch with those guys recently,

I don't know what kind of long term effects they've had out of those

183

00:22:01:10

00:22:05:19

You know it's probably like driving while you're drunk

184

00:22:05:19

00:22:09:17

If you're drunk you feel like you can do anything,

but in reality you can't.

185

00:22:09:17

00:22:19:01

Ray still flies F16 Jet Fighters to this day and

fears for his career if the Air Force discover he's spoken with us.

186

00:22:19:01

00:22:23:06

He remembers one incident,

when having been sleeping in his barracks during wartime

187

00:22:23:07

00:22:27:03

his squadron was unexpectedly called out on a mission.

188

00:22:27:03

00:22:31:12

Still half asleep, he headed for the cockpit.

189

00:22:31:12

00:22:37:07

We ran out to the jets,

and I didn't even know what I was doing

190

00:22:37:08

00:22:43:16

it was all on rote memory until we got airborne,

we were about halfway to the tanker.

191

00:22:43:23

00:22:50:03

It was a long mission and the squadron was ordered

to refuel in midair from a tanker aircraft.

192

00:22:50:03

00:22:53:20

His exhaustion was reaching danger point.

193

00:22:54:11

00:22:58:21

...and I just couldn't stay awake,

and I tried and I just couldn't

194

00:22:58:22

00:23:03:04

and so I took 1 to try to wake up

195

00:23:03:05

00:23:09:09

and whenever... and then about 30 seconds later

whenever I didn't feel it was working I took another one

196

00:23:09:09

00:23:14:18

and boy,

then I was wired for about the next 15 hours.

197

00:23:14:18

00:23:18:22

I was dancing in the cockpit and singing...

I was singing to myself.

198

00:23:18:22

00:23:21:13

It was quite a sight.

199

00:23:21:13

00:23:27:23

But what might have happened had They been

required to use the firepower at his fingertips?

200

00:23:27:23

00:23:35:09

We know that a sense of paranoia might have come about

from taking these drugs, so that might make you a little more edgy

201

00:23:35:09

00:23:40:07

like you think you're getting shot at a little quicker

than what you were. And it might just lead to

202

00:23:40:07

00:23:46:00

rash decisions or quicker decisions that don't

have the full judgement that you need in combat.

203

00:23:46:19

00:23:53:06

The US Military has generally been reluctant to provide

detailed information on incidents of friendly fire,

204

00:23:53:06

00:23:57:16

particularly when it comes to talking about its secretive drugs program.

205

00:23:58:19

00:24:03:18

The worst example of recent years occurred in the 1991 Gulf War.

206

00:24:03:18

00:24:06:23

A British armoured column was travelling through the Iraqi desert

207

00:24:06:23

00:24:11:23

when A10 American Aircrafts spot what they think is enemy traffic below.

208

00:24:11:23

00:24:17:13

They are warned by a British Tornado

flying nearby that these could be friendly troops

209

00:24:17:13

00:24:24:16

but the warning is ignored as the A10's fire

Maverick missiles into the armoured convoy

210

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00:24:29:04

[Choir signs melancholic hymn]

211

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00:24:33:01

9 soldiers died in the attack, 12 were injured.

212

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00:24:36:14

The largest single British loss during the entire Gulf war.

213

00:24:36:14

00:24:38:14

When I first got Steven's death certificate

214

00:24:38:15

00:24:42:17

TERRY SATCHELL, Father 

it had on it 'Killed in Action, died in Saudi Arabia.'

215

00:24:42:17

00:24:50:01

Well obviously I thought that he had been badly injured

and flown back to Saudi Arabia and died there

216

00:24:50:01

00:24:54:22

At the beginning, the initial reports came back from the Gov that it was one

217

00:24:54:22

00:25:00:21

ANNE LEACH, Mother 

vehicle out on its own that had lost its markings in a sandstorm,

and it had been hit by friendly fire.

218

00:25:00:21

00:25:04:13

Now I must admit we could accept that,

we thought well 'accidents do happen.'

219

00:25:05:14

00:25:08:19

But then, they discovered the truth.

220

00:25:08:19

00:25:14:12

It was 3 o'clock in the afternoon.

They had been stationary for about 10 or 15 minutes

221

00:25:14:12

00:25:20:15

Stretching their legs, clear blue sky,

and these planes just came out and shot them.

222

00:25:20:15

00:25:26:20

Angry parents badgered the American representative

at the funeral to demands the pilots come to Britain.

223

00:25:26:20

00:25:33:20

'Why can't the Americans send us the information?

Why can't the pilots come over here?'

224

00:25:33:20

00:25:37:13

A spokesman in Washington made it clear that wouldn't happen.

225

00:25:39:13

00:25:46:02

US Spokesman 

That would merely compound the grief surrounding this event,

which is something obviously in which they share.

226

00:25:46:02

00:25:50:11

And finally, we just don't believe that sending

the pilots there would add any new information.

227

00:25:50:11

00:25:55:16

President Bush gave assurances to parents

of those skilled servicemen

228

00:25:55:16

00:25:58:17

TONY BANKS, M.P (speaking in 1991)

that the pilots would come over here for examination.

229

00:25:58:17

00:26:04:08

Will he tell us what representations he's made to make sure that

President Bush carries out these assurances?

[background jeering]

230

00:26:04:08

00:26:05:12

My right honorable friend...

231

00:26:05:12

00:26:14:13

Today both the British authorities and the parents

are still waiting for answers to crucial questions.

232

00:26:16:20

00:26:23:03

Would you like to know if the American pilots, who bombed

The Fusiliers in Gulf War 1 were taking drugs?

233

00:26:23:03

00:26:27:19

It's essential that one knows whether

they were taking drugs, what the drugs were,

234

00:26:27:19

00:26:33:21

what the research data is in terms of

the effects of those drugs on piloting ability.

235

00:26:33:21

00:26:36:21

But the American authorities won't tell us.

236

00:26:36:21

00:26:44:03

The American authorities have been remarkably reluctant

to share the information that is required.

237

00:26:44:03

00:26:45:11

The government should press them.

238

00:26:45:11

00:26:53:10

We find ourselves increasingly in alliance operations with the United States

in all sorts of difficult circumstances.

239

00:26:53:10

00:26:56:13

We have been remarkably good allies in this,

240

00:26:56:13

00:27:04:01

and the government needs, as one of the prices

for the way that we support American operations

241

00:27:04:01

00:27:09:02

to make sure that we have that information available,

and it should press strongly for it.

242

00:27:09:20

00:27:16:21

In fact, the US Air Force's own figures suggest it's likely the men

who killed the British soldiers were on drugs.

243

00:27:16:21

00:27:22:16

According to an internal Pentagon document we obtained, a survey of

American pilots in Dessert Storm show that almost 60% took Dexedrine.

244

00:27:22:16

00:27:32:04

But in the units most heavily involved in combat,

the rate was as high as 96%.

245

00:27:34:04

00:27:41:05

The Royal Air Force firmly rejects the idea of allowing

its pilots to operate under the influence of drugs.

246

00:27:43:14

00:27:49:16

Any British RAF pilot or any British Military pilot,

indeed I think any British Civil pilot as well,

247

00:27:49:16

00:27:56:21

who was found to be taking any substances, be they alcohol or drugs,

that were in their bloodstream

248

00:27:56:21

00:28:02:11

when they were flying and were tested positive would find themselves grounded.

249

00:28:02:11

00:28:09:06

And I would imagine, after an investigation,

would be thrown out of the military service they were in.

250

00:28:09:06

00:28:17:07

And the British may be interested to know that Amphetamines were

banned by the US Air Force soon after the Gulf War.

251

00:28:17:07

00:28:23:16

It followed strong rumours from inside the American Military

that entire squadrons were having to be grounded

252

00:28:23:16

00:28:28:03

due to pilots becoming addicted to Dexedrine.

253

00:28:28:20

00:28:37:05

Now Chairman of an Arms Contractor in Orlando Florida,

it was then US Air Force Chief of Staff, General Merrill McPeak who took the decision.

254

00:28:37:05

00:28:48:05

Gen. MERRILL ‘Tony” Mc PEAK

fmr U.S Air Force Chief of Staff

I had no science, no data, I just felt that we were highly trained people in good physical condition

255

00:28:48:05

00:28:56:01

and we didn't need any of this sort of artificial help to go and beat the living 'beJesus',

which is what we're supposed to be doing.

256

00:28:56:01

00:28:57:03

That's our job.

257

00:28:57:03

00:29:05:17

I believe strongly in a warrior ethos, the fighter pilots

are certainly at the front row of that.

258

00:29:05:17

00:29:18:06

And so I believe that involves a certain approach,a code of conduct for

your own daily behaviour, however you want to say it...

259

00:29:18:06

00:29:25:20

and taking Amphetamines did not meet my personal standards.

260

00:29:25:20

00:29:34:11

But in 1996, after his retirement, 'go pills' were reintroduced and have been issued in every war since.

261

00:29:35:11

00:29:43:15

I cannot make a comment on why the Air Force stopped using

'go-pills' briefly in the early nineties

262

00:29:43:15

00:29:45:09

because I wasn't a party to that decision.

263

00:29:45:09

00:29:52:15

But I do understand very much why we went back to

including that fatigue management toolkit

264

00:29:52:15

00:29:54:12

because it was an important part that was missing.

265

00:29:54:12

00:30:01:08

A tool of last resort that we use when all other means of combating

fatigue are exhausted, but an important tool.

266

00:30:01:08

00:30:08:13

And upon further review of that rescission of the policy we found it wasn't

the best, most effective way to protect our people and our resources

267

00:30:08:13

00:30:11:20

and therefore the nations interest.

268

00:30:11:20

00:30:17:12

We couldn't ask the Air Force experts why commercial pilots,

who often fly longer hours that are longer than their own

269

00:30:17:12

00:30:20:02

are banned from taking Amphetamines.

270

00:30:20:02

00:30:23:23

A questions which also intrigues a former Whitehouse Drugs Tsar.

271

00:30:23:23

00:30:29:04

It is difficult to imagine a situation,

for me it's difficult to imagine a situation,

272

00:30:29:04

00:30:32:08

in which it is desirable to do this.

273

00:30:32:08

00:30:36:15

And yet, it is not acceptable in other contexts

274

00:30:36:16

00:30:49:02

I have trouble... If this is good, if this does work, if it is safe,

then why doesn't it work for pilots in commercial airlines?

275

00:30:49:03

00:30:51:15

Why doesn't it work for truck drivers, and people running trains?

276

00:30:51:16

00:30:54:23

I think it's hard to have it both ways.

277

00:30:54:23

00:30:58:12

It either is a safe practice or it isn't a safe practice

278

00:30:58:12

00:31:05:08

and I don't think that's been thought through very carefully,

at least anywhere I've seen it.

279

00:31:05:08

00:31:10:21

When the pills were reintroduced the air force guaranteed strict monitoring.

280

00:31:12:10

00:31:19:19

This is rigorously controlled with more checks and balances on

this program than any other pharmaceutical that the Air Force uses.

281

00:31:20:13

00:31:26:06

The question is, are the pills collected?

Do they accumulate somewhere?

282

00:31:26:06

00:31:37:10

Are the pilots using them in other contexts? Do you have people who are

starting use in this way, and then extending that use into a drug abuse context?

283

00:31:37:10

00:31:45:22

I think those all become unintended

consequences that should be carefully monitored.

284

00:31:45:22

00:31:51:02

Was this the case with Majors Umbach and Schmidt in Afghanistan?

285

00:31:51:03

00:31:54:11

In this case the drugs weren't monitored very carefully.

286

00:31:54:12

00:31:56:12

They weren't even collected after the flights.

287

00:31:58:06

00:32:02:17

And the Amphetamines are the only weapon in the Air Force's drugs arsenal.

288

00:32:02:17

00:32:10:19

If a pilot goes up he has to come down and sedatives

or 'no-go' pills such as Ambien were issued to induce sleep.

289

00:32:10:19

00:32:17:07

The use of Amphetamines to stay awake,

coupled with the use of Ambien, for example

290

00:32:17:07

00:32:20:23

to bring the pilot down after the mission,

and that's what the routine was.

291

00:32:20:23

00:32:27:06

You take a quote-unquote Amphetamine 'go-pill

to keep you awake during a flight

292

00:32:27:06

00:32:32:18

and when you get back it's time to go to sleep so you have

to take a downer drug, like an Ambien.

293

00:32:32:18

00:32:39:14

The net effect of that is like a speed ball,

it's like what addicts do on the street.

294

00:32:39:14

00:32:41:14

It's very dangerous.

295

00:32:41:15

00:32:47:23

Speedballing: taking downers in order to feel the enormous high of the next Amphetamine

296

00:32:47:23

00:32:57:01

Nobody knows, least the Air Force, what the cumulative effects are on pilots in combat

297

00:32:57:01

00:33:02:21

When we were talking about using controlled

substances in essentially non-medical contexts,

298

00:33:02:21

00:33:10:13

where we're not treating an illness, I think it's unchartered area

299

00:33:10:13

00:33:15:07

and I think there is a potential for a significant problem,

no doubt about it.

300

00:33:17:02

00:33:20:03

Are pilots like Umbach and Schmidt victims themselves?

301

00:33:20:03

00:33:23:23

A growing number of American veterans believe so.

302

00:33:30:23

00:33:39:02

[Radio host intro: 'The Power Hour']

303

00:33:39:02

00:33:45:23

Dave Von Cliste and Joyce Riley host a radio program aimed

at veterans across the nation, from their home in Missouri

304

00:33:45:23

00:34:29:20

and what have we got going on now Joyce? Well, unfortunately those of you who have been following the Schmidt Umbach case are going to be disappointed to find out that the news is that there is no news! In fact, the military has decided they are going to keep them in limbo, they're not moving forward. Now those of you, who wonder what this case is all about if you haven't been joining us on a regular basis, the major Schmidt and Umbach case is involving the 'go-pills' and 'no-go-pill's' they were given, uppers to do their mission with and downers at night.

In other words so they go off and do a mission, they've got to stay up for hours, they take one of these pills and they go faster and faster and faster and then they've got to get some sleep so they take it and slow down a bit and then go to sleep...

305

00:34:29:20

00:34:32:16

305 – Cpt. JOYCE RILEY R.N. American Gulf War Veterans' Association 

I feel it's a very unfair situation.

306

00:34:32:16

00:34:34:22

I think that their having been given drugs,

307

00:34:34:22

00:34:42:03

their having been put into this scenario of no choice

308

00:34:42:03

00:34:44:09

in which I believe it is no choice.

I know how the military works

309

00:34:44:09

00:34:49:05

I've been there, I mean I know that when you order

somebody to take the drug they take the drug.

310

00:34:49:05

00:34:54:09

And even though they've signed an informed consent

that means absolutely nothing!

311

00:34:54:09

00:35:01:21

Captain Reilly, a senior nurse during Dessert Storm,

no helps veterans recover from drugs given during wartime.

312

00:35:01:21

00:35:06:18

It's not just pilots but it's a lot of different people,

a lot of different professions in the military

313

00:35:06:18

00:35:09:23

and what they report is a lot of aggression.

314

00:35:09:23

00:35:15:09

The fear that goes along with that,

always being constantly on edge

315

00:35:15:09

00:35:18:10

They call it increased vigilance.

316

00:35:18:10

00:35:24:09

And it's very frightening to them,

so they end up in many times, this dreamlike state

317

00:35:24:09

00:35:31:03

and can't tell whether it's the drug or themselves that are really creating the act.

318

00:35:33:08

00:35:37:05

In Fact, some are given a whole cocktail of drugs including

319

00:35:37:06

00:35:43:21

anti nerve agents, anthrax vaccines and even adrenaline,

in addition to amphetamines and sedatives.

320

00:35:43:21

00:35:50:01

One soldier we interviewed admits he killed innocent

people while under the influence.

321

00:35:51:09

00:35:53:09

'MIKE' U.S. Special Forces

They made you ruthless,

just utterly ruthless.

322

00:35:56:17

00:36:03:11

I made decisions that I feel now I would not have made

323

00:36:03:11

00:36:16:05

I eliminated individuals that I considered to have been

a threat that would not normally have been a threat.

324

00:36:17:09

00:36:24:14

During recent wars Mike fought as a soldier in one of the United States Elite Special Forces Units

325

00:36:24:14

00:36:28:18

we cannot tell you which unit and have distorted his voice.

326

00:36:28:18

00:36:40:02

They were things that you put out of your mind,

you push into a dark corner where the cobwebs grow

327

00:36:40:02

00:36:43:21

so that you don't have to think about it.

328

00:36:45:00

00:36:52:19

Did you become more aggressive because of drugs?

- Yes I did. Yes I did.

329

00:36:52:19

00:36:57:09

And the result?

- sigh -

330

00:36:57:09

00:37:01:14

During or after?

- During

331

00:37:01:14

00:37:26:03

They made me very brutal, [sigh],

they made you do things that I don't know that other human beings would do.

332

00:37:28:06

00:37:37:01

They made you do things that later in life made you question your judgement at the time.

333

00:37:38:03

00:37:44:07

And that's not an easy thing to look back and question.

Did I do the right thing?

334

00:37:44:07

00:37:48:03

Because obviously you can't change it

335

00:37:49:02

00:37:54:11

You killed people under the influence of drugs?

- Yes.

336

00:37:54:11

00:37:58:01

Drugs given to you by the military?

- Yes.

337

00:37:58:06

00:38:00:13

Amongst those he killed were women and children

338

00:38:00:19

00:38:05:15

Again, we can't give you exact details as this would identify him to his former unit commanders.

339

00:38:06:07

00:38:08:18

You were on edge all the time.

340

00:38:11:13

00:38:16:01

It was almost to the point of paranoia.

341

00:38:19:14

00:38:23:04

You were ready to lash out at anything and everything

342

00:38:25:02

00:38:29:15

Almost to the point of hatred.

343

00:38:31:20

00:38:39:20

The killing of innocent civilians is the most tragic and

frequent consequence of this new form of chemical warfare

344

00:38:39:20

00:38:46:13

Friendly fire accounts for relatively few deaths in comparison.

345

00:38:54:02

00:39:01:08

Kosovo, 1999: American jets identify what

they believe to be military vehicles in the compound

346

00:39:04:01

00:39:09:19

Just along the road a convoy is spotted.

347

00:39:13:21

00:39:19:08

The result: 65 men, women and children dead.

348

00:39:20:00

00:39:25:16

They had put everything the owned onto t

ractors to get away from the fighting.

349

00:39:28:10

00:39:33:15

For an accurate picture of the true human cost

of what The Pentagon calls 'collateral damage'

350

00:39:33:15

00:39:39:02

we travel to Durham, New Hampshire, where Professor Mark Herold

has collated figures

351

00:39:39:02

00:39:44:08

from the Afghan and Iraq Wars he claims the Department of Defence

would rather were ignored.

352

00:39:46:11

00:39:52:12

Prof. MARC HEROLD, University of New Hampshire 

The Pentagon and Mr Roomsvelt and others have made it very clear

that they are not going to provide numbers.

353

00:39:52:12

00:39:55:23

Now one can get into a discussion of why that is.

354

00:39:55:23

00:39:59:03

The corporate media, the mainstream media,

most of it,

355

00:39:59:03

00:40:05:23

obeyed the message of The Pentagon

in October 2011

356

00:40:05:23

00:40:11:03

and the message was:

'civilian casualties are a non issue'.

357

00:40:11:03

00:40:13:19

Professor Herold set up a website to monitor

358

00:40:13:19

00:40:20:11

the number of civilian deaths from direct hits by Allied bombs,

the vast majority of which were American.

359

00:40:20:18

00:40:26:18

These figures do not include those who died later from their injuries.

360

00:40:28:01

00:40:36:09

What's plotted here is the number of deaths by week

since October 7th, 2001, up until today.

361

00:40:36:09

00:40:42:03

And as one would expect, of course, in the early weeks here,

you see very high numbers

362

00:40:42:03

00:40:45:20

There were some weeks where 300-400 people were being killed.

363

00:40:46:02

00:40:54:15

And as you can see here all the way over into July and August of 2002

where civilians were still being killed by bombing incidents.

364

00:40:55:02

00:41:02:14

July 1st, 2002. A boy lies injured in hospital, alongside other members of his family.

365

00:41:02:14

00:41:11:01

The night of June 30th - July 1st an AC130 strafed a wedding party in the village of Kakarak

366

00:41:11:01

00:41:13:22

a couple of the surrounding villages were strafed.

367

00:41:13:23

00:41:21:09

Anywhere between 60 low count and 80 high count civilians were killed,

up to 200 were injured.

368

00:41:21:14

00:41:26:05

At first, The Pentagon denied that American planes had attacked the wedding.

369

00:41:26:05

00:41:30:05

Then, it claimed that a single bomb had gone astray, killing noone.

370

00:41:30:07

00:41:33:15

Finally, that its aircraft was responding to an attack.

371

00:41:33:17

00:41:41:02

The control on the ground and the airplane and aircrew

believed they were returning fire against anti-aircraft weapons

372

00:41:41:02

00:41:45:12

Which has happened repeatedly in that particular area

373

00:41:45:12

00:41:47:12

and was reported to be taking place at the time.

374

00:41:48:07

00:41:55:22

The official reports say 48 people died, we have a listing of 63 names of people who died.

375

00:41:55:22

00:41:57:22

Overwhelmingly women and children.

376

00:41:58:13

00:42:02:20

The victims of this and countless other civilian bombings,

by US planes over the years

377

00:42:02:20

00:42:05:20

are left with nothing but pain and suffering.

378

00:42:07:04

00:42:12:02

This incident occurred in April 2003, the village of Angorada.

379

00:42:12:02

00:42:16:23

Two Harrier Jets dropped bombs, 1000 pound laser guided bombs.

380

00:42:17:07

00:42:22:13

They missed the target, the obliterated a house, killed 11-12 civilians.

381

00:42:22:13

00:42:30:16

Sometime later Colonel Roger King of the US Forces in Bagrham

said no compensation would be made to the victims

382

00:42:30:16

00:42:35:13

as the deaths were losses due to combat.

383

00:42:36:22

00:42:40:12

There are circumstances when casualties do count.

384

00:42:42:07

00:42:47:19

I, along with all the rest of America grieve for the loss of life in Afghanistan.

385

00:42:47:19

00:42:54:11

3 of our soldiers were killed by an inadvertent bomb

and our prayers and sympathies go to the families.

386

00:42:54:11

00:43:00:07

I want the families to know that they died for a noble and just cause.

387

00:43:01:01

00:43:09:11

In Afghanistan and Iraq a total of 5000 civilians

have perished in bomb attacks since 2001.

388

00:43:12:21

00:43:24:07

This number didn't include 18 killed in a convoy made up of Kurds, foreign press teams

and even American Special Forces travelling through Northern Iraq in broad daylight.

389

00:43:24:09

00:43:31:08

Amongst the dead a member of a BBC team whose vehicle had been clearly marked before the attack.

390

00:43:31:12

00:43:38:19

But The Pentagon insists issuing Amphetamines is still best for the pilot himself.

391

00:43:38:19

00:43:47:11

This drug is safe for him, no side effects, it's safe for him,

and with the desired effect.

392

00:43:47:14

00:43:52:19

That is exactly the way the Air Force's program is designed to work, and is in the highest ideals

393

00:43:52:19

00:43:58:10

and traditions of Air Force medicine supporting the warriors

getting the mission done and returning home safely.

394

00:43:58:10

00:44:04:00

The bottom line is that US Forces are being kept awake

and given an aggressive edge

395

00:44:04:00

00:44:12:04

Given that little bit of whatever that will allow them to stay awake longer

and conduct operations more effectively

396

00:44:12:04

00:44:21:05

and if that's why keeping them up for long periods of time

by using drugs, frankly the American Military is willing to do that.

397

00:44:21:05

00:44:26:18

Combating fatigue is relatively innocent when you say it in that fashion.

398

00:44:26:18

00:44:32:14

But when you mask it or you create something that's going to overdrive the body

399

00:44:32:14

00:44:39:01

and the system and the brain and the mind then you've entered into a very very dangerous arena.

400

00:44:39:02

00:44:41:12

In Washington Lieutenant Colonel Tom Heemstra

401

00:44:41:12

00:44:45:15

continues to fight to tell the story The Pentagon doesn't want heard.

402

00:44:45:18

00:44:51:03

It is very democratic to raise questions,

of course the military is not a democracy

403

00:44:51:03

00:44:54:18

But our basic common sense raises the question:

404

00:44:54:18

00:45:00:13

What is this you want me to put into my body?

And so everybody has the right to ask that question.

405

00:45:00:15

00:45:11:17

We've seen this before, whether it's radiation tests or nuclear testing

or agent orange, or whether it's Dexedrine or Anthrax vaccine,

406

00:45:11:18

00:45:15:21

the military has a captive audience and we're

used as guinea pigs for these pharmaceuticals

407

00:45:16:00

00:45:20:03

Essentially when you sign on the dotted line you've given your life away.

408

00:45:20:03

00:45:26:11

They require that you take certain drugs that they believe will ensure your combat effectiveness.

409

00:45:26:11

00:45:28:11

We were just dumb pilots, y'know?

410

00:45:28:11

00:45:34:22

I had to assume that somewhere along the road,

somewhere, someplace they were tested

411

00:45:34:22

00:45:37:03

or they wouldn't be given to us.

412

00:45:37:03

00:45:41:07

Now whether that's naievity on my part or not I don't know.

413

00:45:41:07

00:45:44:15

They didn't tell us that they were tested.

414

00:45:44:15

00:45:47:15

But then again, we were just the dumb pilots.

415

00:45:47:15

00:45:53:17

Bill Umbach and Harry Schmidt had taken the

drugs given them that fateful night in Afghanistan.

416

00:45:54:11

00:46:01:06

The Air Force insists the drugs had no effect and bad airmanship was to blame.

417

00:46:01:07

00:46:07:21

But the military has never investigated the dual effects of

'go-pills' and natural adrenaline brought on through battle.

418

00:46:07:22

00:46:13:20

In recent days, Dr. Eric Helligenstein,

Director of Psychiatry at the University of Wisconsin

419

00:46:13:20

00:46:18:02

who has studied Amphetamine use in extreme circumstance said:

420

00:46:29:13

00:46:36:23

Dr. ERIC HELLIGENSTEIN, Director of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin 

The amount of drugs that Bill and Harry were taking were,

I think 5 and 10mg respectively.

421

00:46:36:23

00:46:40:05

BOB UMBACH 

Bill on the 5mg and Harry on the 10mg

422

00:46:40:06

00:46:50:00

Which I think were taken up to possibly an hour or a little less prior to the incident.

423

00:46:50:05

00:46:54:22

So the pilot who killed the four Canadian soldiers had taken 10mg

424

00:46:54:22

00:47:00:23

exactly the same amount as the pilot who admitted in our film

that he'd lost control of his faculties.

425

00:47:01:11

00:47:05:00

I was wired for about the next 15 hours.

426

00:47:05:06

00:47:13:20

Dr. Helligenstein also stated that he wasn't at all surprised that this man lost control on just 10mg.

427

00:47:14:19

00:47:21:15

In late June 2003, Harry Schmidt was given an ultimatum by the Air Force.

428

00:47:21:18

00:47:28:20

Accept a criminal record and be thrown out of the

military or face courts martial with the threat of imprisonment.

429

00:47:28:21

00:47:34:06

He's decided to take that risk, and fight for his name.

430

00:47:34:08

00:47:37:04

Bill Umbach is leaving the Air Force.

431

00:47:37:05

00:47:43:07

I don't want Bill's career to be over.

432

00:47:43:08

00:47:48:19

A fighter pilot... he hasn't had his last flight.

433

00:47:48:20

00:47:51:21

Their last flight they get to go out and do something really great.

434

00:47:51:21

00:47:54:22

It didn't happen. They haven't been out there.

435

00:47:54:22

00:47:58:21

For the Canadian relatives the pain is far greater.

436

00:47:58:21

00:48:01:14

After the Militaries announcement one widow said simply:

437

00:48:02:05

00:48:05:13

Nothing can bring my husband back to me'.