SOUTH AFRICA –
A GANGSTERS’ PARADISE
45 mins – May 1999

Reporter: Marion Mayer-Hohdahl

2.00
Pictures start
Title: 2.15 - South Africa - a gangsters’ paradise

2.58
Whites only dare go into Johannesburg’s inner city when it’s absolutely necessary. Businesses and offices have already fled the city centre. It’s become far too dangerous.

3.13
At night, locals don’t stop at the red lights. South Africa’s become a gangsters’ paradise and Johannesburg the centre of crime. Every day in South Africa 65 people are murdered and there are 190 victims of robbery. Faced with this crime wave, the police are almost helpless. The government plays down the crime rate out of fear of losing foreign investors and tourism.

3.38
This hotel used to be the best in the square and doing good business. But now its 300 beds are empty, and its closed down.

3.49
South Africa has one of the highest crime rates in the world. Car hijackings are a normal part of daily life. Most of the victims are white. Most of the hijackers black. This is increasing the tension between races. Generally, crime syndicates are behind the hijackings. If you’re lucky you get away with your life.

POLICE VIDEO CLIP

4.29
Security firms are making big business out of people’s fear. Since the end of Apartheid, companies which provide satellite surveillance of cars are doing extremely well. Netstar, which started in 1994, now has 53'000 customers. A helicopter is permanently in the sky, waiting to follow the signal from a stolen car. Usually they can find the car within 45 minutes.

5.02
But the hijackers are also cunning. They hide the cars. If the Netstar team hasn’t turned up within half an hour, they quickly strip down the car for parts.

5.13
Statement Conrad Hefer
Soweto police
“Netstar has a satellite system. I mean we don’t have the technical back-up these guys have. We have a good success rate, but their success rate will be better because they have the system helping them. They’ve got a chopper in the air as well.”


5.29
A small box, the size of a cigarette packet is placed in the car allowing it to be tracked by satellite. In each car, the box is installed in a different place. The Netstar team can pick up the signal from sensors placed on high buildings and lamp posts, and then follow the stolen car. Over 90 percent of stolen cars are recovered - like this small truck.

6.05
The holdup rate is constant at about 13'000 cases a year. Half of these happen in Johannesburg. Netstar offers an alternative to South Africa’s disgruntled police. They get three times as much pay and a car. A great incentive for underpaid police who put their life on their line every day to fight crime.

6.37
Netstar has a significant success rate. On average the company recovers 12 stolen cars a day.

6.52
The perpetrators of this crime are taken away to be charged. Most of them are released on bail after spending a night in the cells. The police say they often arrest the same perpetrators again and again. The justice system in the new South Africa is woefully inadequate.

7.25
Tony Ribeiro is the manager of an electronics firm. Car theft used to represent a huge loss for the company.

7.35
Statement Tony Ribeiro
Manger electronics firm
“It’s been many times, many times before that this has recovered vehicles for us. It’s been going on for the last three years since we’ve installed Netstar and satellite tracking we’ve been recovering a lot of vehicles.”

7.50
Necessity is the mother of invention, and manufacturers have not been slow to spot the openings. Several anti-theft devices fitted to cars are now available. Many hijackings happen as the unwitting driver pulls up at his own front gates. But rue the crook who targets this car.

8.13
The driver just flicks a switch and the gas is lit electrically. Chilli sprays and gas sprays are also available.

8.18
The flame thrower costs around 670 US dollars. 800 have been already sold, and another 2'000 have been ordered.



8.29
Statement
Carl Fourier
inventor
“ In South African law it is permitted to even kill someone in self defence. This will not kill the person it will seriously injure him. Some people in Europe, the liberal Europeans they don’t like it, I think because they don’t understand the country, and the situation here. But it ‘s been widely accepted in South Africa by people who know exactly what the levels of crime are and it is to protect people… people will pay any price.”

8.56
For many it’s already too late. One man met his end in the once trendy district of Hillbrow. Nowadays, that part of Johannesburg is in the hands of the gangsters.

9.06
Peter Cvetko arrived in South Africa in 1998. And, until May this year everything had been going well.

9.15
But, at 5 am one morning, he was found murdered in his car.

9.21
Statement Mark Reynolds
Johannesburg police
“He was returning home in his motor vehicle from Hillbrow to his home in Sandton. His car broke down near The Wilds which is basically the botanical gardens area near Hillbrow. He phoned the AA from there and asked for assistance. When they got there, which wasn’t long probably 10-15 minutes after they received a phone call, they found him in the car. He’d been murdered in the car. His wallet and his cell phone had been stolen.”

9.43
Peter Cvetko rented this house in the white suburb of Sandton. On the surface, life here appears as privileged as it did under apartheid. But the dead man’s landlady says many are now finding the price of that privilege too high.

9.59
Statement Uschi Kirchner
Landlady
“He was an Austrian, a very likeable man. He came to stay here in the house because it had a big garden and a swimming pool and he could live quietly and comfortably. I find that things here are getting worse and worse. You’re always worried about your life. Life is effectively not worth anything here. There are criminals running around in this neighbourhood. I don’t know anyone who hasn’t had a pistol at their heads, or been threatened or robbed. It’s very, very, bad.”

10.43
So bad, that South Africa is now experiencing a mass exodus. Monique Vallun-Kruger, a hairdresser, is going to emigrate to Australia with her family. Many whites are seeing their professional opportunities disappear. Blacks are given preference in the job market to compensate for the injustices under the apartheid regime. But, many are also leaving South Africa because of the horrific crime rate.

11.10
Nobody knows what impact this exodus is really going to have on the country’s already battered economy. The skills being taken out of the country need to be passed on to the new black middle class.

11.20
But Sean and Monique don’t see any future for their eight year-old daughter in South Africa. The government disparagingly calls emigrants, departees - those who don’t want to live under a black government.

11.32
Statement Monique Vallun-Kruger
“Obviously it's security and safety and for Chloe. I mean school fees are exorbitant, private school fees. Even the whole surroundings, I mean she’s let into school by security guards and she’s let out of school by security guards. Subconsciously I think it’s very difficult on children. It’s probably easier for us to stay in the long run and we are already in our professions, in our jobs, earning good money. To uproot for us it’s difficult.”

12.07
Statement Sean-Vallun-Kruger
technician
“Being a South African I’d love to stay in this country. But when my life is at risk and the life of my family is at risk and I can’t bring up my child knowing that she’s gonna grow up in a secure environment, I would say that as much as I’d love to stay in the country, I can’t and I afford that for my family.”

12.21
Graeme Simpson is director of the Institute for Criminal studies. Although waves of people left to escape apartheid and conscription, he says the problem grows more urgent.

12.31
Statement Graeme Simpson
Executive director
Institute of Criminal Studies
“I think the flight of very skilled people from the country is a huge problem. I think that it’s perhaps more instructive to talk to people from business about that because I think they experience it much more directly. The government tends to be very defensive about this issue. So I think, irrespective of what the government is saying about this, I think the reality of people who have lived in South Africa, who’ve grown up here who have developed the skills and who should really be reinvesting in the country for the benefit of all South Africans, to be losing these people now is devastating.”

13.05
The whites that do stay here, now seal off entire districts to protect themselves against crime. A security service works around the clock protecting over 140 homes here. There’s only two entrances and exits. Electric fences and fierce dogs help scare off criminals.


13.22
Martina Schwikowski is a freelance journalist.

13.36
Martina Schwikoswski
Journalist
The car was stolen in this neighbourhood. A little while later I moved house and the house was broken into twice. My technical equipment and personal effects were stolen. My car’s front door was beaten in and the radio was taken. Shortly after that I was sitting at a red light downtown when a man approached the car and smashed the window. He grabbed my bag from the back seat containing important papers and documents.

14.07
To protect themselves from such thieves, people are installing their own shooting devices. The citizens have lost their trust in the police. They’ve taken the law into their own hands. Jock Burden’s an engineer. After several blacks had climbed over his garden wall, he quickly installed this shooting system. His property is now fortified with a network of tripwires.

14.37
Just one touch and the machine fires.

14.41
His property is secured.

14.42
Statement
Jock Burden
engineer
“I’ve got this one going into the bedroom and the main area there. And, this one from the north to catch anyone from this side to alarm us and then around the side. So, from whichever way they try to get to the front or the side of the house they’ll have to trigger off one of these.”
15.08
Statement
“Law and order has broken down. The courts are over loaded. The police have no powers anymore. And also I think there are also so many illegal immigrants in the country roaming around all over the place and no one seems to be bothering too much about it. These people have no jobs and I think if I was in the same place I’d have to steal. But, unfortunately there are people being killed because of this.”

15.38
For a few years now, the police have been working with house owners and their black household help. The household help is usually alone all day in the home while the owners are at work. Ironically, it means that blacks are often at the receiving end of violence directed at affluent whites. Nearly every Saturday the police come to swap experiences and give advice. They are taught how to protect themselves against burglars.


16.09
Agnes Majda
household help
“It was on the street. We were coming from this meeting. These two guys came with a gun and said ‘We can shoot anybody who talks right now. We were so terrified we ran into the house.”

16.25
Statement Erica Le Gassick
house owner
“I would hope that our new president will concentrate a lot more on fighting crime. We in our particular community are doing our best with all our different projects. We have more than one of these projects going. And we just hope that we will get more co-operation from the government, the justice department and the correctional services, that the criminals will be dealt with perhaps in a harsher way.”

16.54
Crime is the biggest problem in South Africa. In one weekend, according to police there were 50 murders. The police are generally powerless.

17.09
The border with Mozambique. During the Apartheid government the high tension fence was permanently electrified. Many illegal weapons come from Mozambique. The police estimate between there are between 500'000 to four million illegal weapons in circulation.

17.31
For many illegal immigrants, crossing the border is child’s play. Every week, Mozambicans are put on a train and sent back home - but the next day they’re back in South Africa again. Mozambique is one of the poorest countries in Africa. To them, South Africa is a paradise of opportunity. But endemic unemployment means that many will face discrimination and even physical attack from those who see precious resources being tapped by foreigners.

18.07
An organisation called ‘The Unemployed Masses Against Crime’ wave anti-foreigner placards at a march in Pretoria. Foreigners are targeted for all South Africa’s ills.

18.21
Vox Pop woman
I think the foreigners must go back because we've really got a problem with jobs. Most South Africans are sitting down, they've got no jobs.

18.31
Vox Pop woman
I think a lot of people are xenophobic, yes, they do think that foreigners are taking away jobs.

18.36
Vox Pop woman
They must just stay in their places. They mustn't come and make big crowds here. we can’t even move now, you can see. They must go back. They must try to do something in their own lands.

18.28
Statement Graeme Simpson
executive director
Institute of Criminal Studies

“If we can’t deal with this magnitude in our society, we look for an outsider, to others to blame for these sorts of problems. I think that whilst we may say yes, there are certain Nigerian drug lords dealing through South Africa, I think it would be a mistake to believe that is the root cause of most of the violent crime.”

19.10
Nigerian drug dealers have settled en masse in the Hillbrow neighbourhood of Johannesburg. Thirty-five different nationalities are fighting for control of the illegal drug trade.

19.21
Statement Kriban Naidoo
Hillbrow police
“The worst thing is child prostitution, kids, girls been prostituted on the streets.
Murders which are on a daily basis, which you are going to take back to your families. It hurts. Kids on the streets begging for food and things like that.”

19.43
Prostitution, money laundering, making crack, passport forgery - you can find anything here. The police are corrupt. Criminals escape the consequences of their crimes. About 500'000 people live in Hillbrow, with only 275 police officers responsible for keeping order – it’s a hopeless task.

20.18
Sex with a prostitute costs about 25 US dollars. Ninety percent of prostitutes are drug addicts. Many swap sex for drugs.

20.31
Carolyn’s a drug addict. She’s been living in Hillbrow for years.

20.39
Statement Carolyn,
prostitute
“Depending on the Nigerians means sleeping with the Nigerians. No I don’t do that. Depending on coming out on the streets every day, Yes, I do. Put it this way, I couldn’t come out here without being drugged up. It’s the drug itself, the Nigerians drug, cocaine, it’s an escape from reality. It actually makes everything seem nicer, brighter, and it makes things a lot easier as well. It’s frightening. I’ve been raped three times. Once very badly and my skull was cracked open. The guy made me do some weird and wonderful things and then he told me he was going to blow me away.”

21.20
Carolyn can’t see any way out of the sex trade. At 37, she needs too much money for her drug use and she can only earn that through sex by the hour.

21.30
Her friend Carol is in the same business, also a drug addict and HIV positive. Over 750,000 South Africans became HIV positive last year alone.


21.49
They both need a minimum of 10 doses of crack a day. That costs at least 83 dollars. The Nigerians’ business is booming. You can’t even drive into a garage without being offered crack. And crack is the worst thing to smoke. After just one hit most people become addicted. Its effects last only a short time, then paranoid depression sets in.

22.36
Statement Carol
prostitute, drug addict
“A lot of people want to jump out of the window hearing the cops outside the door, or whichever way it goes, so all of us are not the same. Basically, most of us are in control.”

22.48
But many say that.

22.53
Statement
Carolyn
prostitute, drug addict
“Cocaine-crack’s a technical drug actually. Each of us goes through thousand and thousands and thousands of Rands, I’d say up to 20'000 Rands even before you have that first, original, genuine feeling that you’re actually supposed to feel. Then what we do for the rest of our life, while we’re on the stuff, is to chase that feeling. And you never, ever get it again.”

23.24
Life for many here is a vicious circle of prostitution, drugs and crime.

23.50
Various gangs fight for their territory. There are shootings daily. The police have left Hillbrow to the gangs. Last year in South Africa 286 policeman were shot – that’s almost one a day. Morale is at rock bottom. All the police stations in Johannesburg are understaffed. Drug dealers buy themselves out of jail. Business must go on.

24.30
In Capetown, an Islamic group called Pagad, has taken the law into their own hands. They call themselves people against Gangsters and Drugs. The United States has just put Pagad on their list of terrorist organisations - along with Libya, Irak and other extremists in the middle east. According to the USA, in the past year Pagad’s been responsible for 170 bomb attacks and 18 other acts of violence, such as this shooting.

25.06
Pagad members fight it out in the streets with the drug bosses. They consider it a holy war. Twelve of their members have been killed, 12 are in jail.

25.16
In Capetown in August 1996 Pagad member Rashaad Staggie poured petrol over one of the biggest drug dealers in the city. He shot him, set him on fire and after 20 minutes he was dead.

25.45
‘A bullet for every drug dealer’, is Pagad’s call for war. Pagad is well organised. No one knows how many members the organisation has.

25.59
Statement Cassiem Parker
Pagad spokesperson
“We stand firmly against gangsters and drugs. Our belief in the supremacy of the creator is firm. We have no doubt about our beliefs. We are secure. We will fight, and fight until we die, and until we have no more drug dealers and gangsters in this part of the world.”

26.22
What began as a citizens’ war against drug dealers has turned into an extremist Muslim sect.

26.30
The days of spontaneous marches to houses of drug dealers are over. Pagad demonstrations now have to be registered with the police seven days in advance. They simply drive in a car convoy to the houses where they think drug dealers live and hoot their horns.

26.53
Statement Graeme Simpson
executive director
Institute of Criminal Studies
“The gravest problems we confront are the inefficiencies in our criminal justice system. Precisely because of the loss of confidence in the criminal justice institutions the people are taking the law into their own hands. It’s also contributed very substantially to a sense of impunity amongst those who are committing these sorts of crimes. We’ve also seen that police brutality, police corruption go even further in undermining the credibility of the policing institutions amongst those people who are law abiding.”

27.28
The police in the Cape Flats have their hands full. Organisation Good Hope is a special combined operation of the police and army. They’re trying to bring law and order again to Capetown and the surrounding areas. The gangsters have got together against the Pagad Islamists. They are demonstrating for their rights and rejecting a vigilante group which targets them alone.


28.01
Statement drug boss
“All the gangsters and drug dealers are having a peaceful gathering. We just want to show the government that we’re people to be reckoned with. We’re also citizens of South Africa and we want to show we can have peace in our community without the interference of Pagad.”

28.15
But the reality is somewhat different. The 32 gangs here with around 18'000 members are in a permanent state of war with one another. According to police there are over 1'500 criminal gangs in the country.

28.32
Louis Swigelaar’s given up his job as a salesman to try and create peace between the gangs.

28.34
He lives on donations from the community. Life is cheap.

28.44
Statement Louis Swigelaar
gang mediator
“One of the school boys were killed and then the same evening the school boys came and they petrol bombed this house. And from that day onwards it’s on the daily basis. They attack each other. The nine year-old they can use a child to take drugs from one point to the another. Because the police will never search a nine year old or thirteen year old. Than we look at from the thirteen to the sixteen years old. If they go to court they are minor they will be released in the custody of their parents, that is what the gangs know.”

29.26
Many gang children die before they reach adulthood.

29.35
The Apartheid regime is to blame for much of this misery. Blacks were forced to live in the townships. Most of them still live there. The urgent need for housing was meant to be reduced by building state houses and helping people to construct homes. President Nelson Mandela promised to build one million houses. But only two thirds of them have been completed. Over one third of black South Africans are unemployed which leads them almost automatically into crime.

30.20
Alexandra is one of the worst black townships near Johannesburg. All the police are drawn from other parts of South Africa. Most want to go home as soon as possible.

30.33
If the police go looking for criminals in the narrow alleys, they’ve usually disappeared.

30.48

Huts are searched for illegal weapons and drugs.

30.58
These windscreens come from stolen cars.

31.06
This township lies just metres from one of the most wealthy white suburbs in South Africa.

31.17
Statement Masilo Sekoba
policeman
“They took the engine off, they took the parts off, the doors, the windscreen. They sell it cheap”

31.27
Police video shows how brazenly young gangsters operate. The scene was recorded by an amateur camera. A car is stolen every six minutes in South Africa. Every hour there’s an armed car hijacking. The owners are often shot dead.

32.20
A police special action against car hijacking was started in 1996. BMW gave 100 cars to the province of Gauteng (pronounced Hauteng) which includes Johannesburg and Pretoria. They did so on condition that those caught would receive harsh punishments, justice would be on call 24 hours a day, that bail would be harder to get. Almost none of these improvements have taken place.

32.48
Hijackers have become more and more brutal. Illegal weapons can be rented by the hour.

32.54
In Alexandra these weapons are safely stored after the arrests. None of them is registered with the authorities.

33.09
Every year there are over 24'000 murders, 70'000 holdups and 250'000 robberies.

33.17
Statement Masilo Sekoba
policeman
They go around to the driver. They pointed at him to threaten him with the screw driver. One stabbed the driver with a screw driver in the stomach. They said - kill him, kill him.

33.30
South Africa’s gangsterism is immortalised in the graffiti which adorns township walls.


33.42
In Soweto’s cemetery Paulina Marema visits the grave of her son with her daughter-in-law. He was held-up by gangsters at a crossroads. They shot him through the boot of the car. The police found his body two days later in a field.

34.01
To this day, his mother and wife don’t know why Elias was murdered.

34.11
Paulina has now buried two sons. For mothers like her, the climate of violence is as bad today as it was under apartheid. Only today, there’s no common enemy.

34.23
Statement Paulina Marema
mother
I would like to talk to the people to stop the killing because they are killing for nothing. They killed my son for nothing. Now me, I’m blaming his friends - sometimes they know something about this I don’t know. Because this man didn’t come to explain to me. Till today he doesn’t come to my house. Now, his wife is suffering because of the children. It’s too bad.”

35.01
Statement, Luchi Marema
widow
“You know, if I did know those people, I could take revenge myself because they took the father of my child, my lover, my everything, he was everything to me.”

35.19
Elias Marema was the father of three children. He was 38 years old when he died.

35.25
Most murder cases aren’t solved. They take months and years to go through the courts. During Apartheid the ANC used to complain bitterly about the chaotic situation in the prisons. Today, the situation is far worse. All the prisons are overcrowded. One prison near Capetown is 200 percent over capacity. They are a breeding ground for crime.

35.52
Statement Graeme Simpson
Institute of Criminal Studies
“Most of them will tell you that the prisons are the universities of crime. That prison life does more to consolidate criminals, to integrate young people into gangs that exist both inside and outside the prison walls, consolidating criminality more than anything else.”

36.07
Young and old criminals share cells. Most of them are raped and forced into gangs. Teenagers serve older prisoners like slaves. Most of the prisoners are serving sentences for theft or armed robbery. They all face between seven to eight years in jail.


36.37
This 12 year-old is in prison for theft.

36.47
“He‘s thinking about his release day every time he is in his cell. The day he’s released he says he’s going back to school.”

36.55
He says he misses his mother.

37.03
Currently there are 146'000 prisoners in South Africa. Many South Africans are now calling for a return of the death penalty.

37.14
prisoner, 18 years
“After they catch me with a gun, they charge me for possession of a gun. Then I was waiting for six months, then after six months they sentenced me to seven years.”

37.33
Young prisoners can finish their schooling here. But most of the criminals stick with the gangs, at least until they’ve finished their sentences. They come into the prison as children - and leave as adults.

37.52
Statement Graeme Simpson
Institute of Criminal Studies
“A motor vehicle theft turns into a murder. I think there are a number of factors at the root of this. There’s a lot of history and a lot of bitterness from the past. I would also argue that the nature of the Apartheid society, the nature of the conflict in that society, more than anything else, dehumanised us, it allowed us to treat other people as if they almost weren’t human. And, once you have that embedded in a society like this, I think it paves the way for a kind of brutality that we would assume we could not apply to other human beings.”

38.22
During the Apartheid era there was a permanent battle between the races. Whites against blacks, blacks against whites.

38.31
But the worst violence was black on black. A human life meant nothing then.

38.41

It still doesn’t today. Five years after the first democratic elections, members of the African National Congress and the United Democratic Movement are fighting for control of Richmond, a nightmarish town in Kwa Zulu Natal. This funeral lament is for a mass killing. UDM and ANC members carry out revenge attacks, to defend their territory and win votes.

39.18
Warlords like Sifeso Nkabinde inspire loyal, if fearful, followings. The ANC’s crown prince in the 1980s, he was loved as a fearless soldier. But after being branded an apartheid spy, he joined the UDM. He was shot and killed at the beginning of this year -the 116th victim of political violence.

39.43
The army and police work together to protect the 60'000 inhabitants from these violent political differences. The fear generated by the instability has already caused 20,000 people to leave this area.

39.57
Statement
Fred Wilke
army colonel
“We’re ordered by the government to stabilise Richmond, the area of Richmond. The killings that took place in Richmond are of such an extent that you need more policemen and soldiers to patrol the area. “

40.14
Election placards of the ANC can only be hung up under strict police observation.

40.27
The mayor of Richmond, Andrew Ragavaroo has remained loyal to the ANC. He says Nkabinde made death threats against all the city councillors to pressurize them to change parties. Since then, the area around Richmond has become divided into two camps.

40.50
This is the border between parties. On the hill, UDM reigns - in the valley the ANC. Families are politically split. No ANC member would move to live on the UDM side, or visa versa.

41.06
vox pop
This UDM member says there’s no ANC in this area. They’re over there. The ANC can’t come here.

41.14
The flag of the new united South Africa is raised. But Richmond remains divided.


41.22
Statement Andrew Ragavaroo
mayor
“The ANC what they’ve done for the population in South Africa in the last five years is something that should be admired, even by the opposition political parties. If there’s anyone out there who would believe that the ANC would be completely able to change things around within five years, then you’re living in a fools paradise.”

41.41
The mayor pays dearly for his commitment and his ANC membership. For months he’s needed body guards around the clock.

42.06
Kwa Zulu Natal’s sugar cane fields are not only politically divided. Farmers in the countryside also have to protect themselves against attack. Since the end of Apartheid over 500 farmers have been killed.

42.21
Jenny van Staden’s daughter never returned from a horse ride. She was murdered by four blacks. Her mother demands tougher justice.

42.36
Jenny van Staden
“The people that killed Shelly, took away all her rights. Her right to love, her right to have children, her right to live. So, I believe they should have all their rights taken from them as well. I believe they should bring back the death penalty.”

42.57
When Jenny van Staden met president Mandela, they spoke about crime.

43.04
Since Shelly’s murder, Jenny’s become a member of the citizens watch group. The organisation presents itself as a counterweight to the government and promotes tougher police measures.

43.20
Members of the self-help group Cab Act supervise an area of 350 square kilometres. A fifth of all farm robberies take place in Kwa Zulu Natal.

43.28

Blacks and whites are both victims of crime. They’ve been working together since the founding of Cab Act in 1998. The members patrol the quarter in their spare time. After nine o’clock in the evening, anyone who’s found on the streets has some questions to answer. Under Apartheid there was a curfew for blacks. In democratic South Africa citizens are trying to protect their own security.

44.08
Joe Reeler was a policeman for 10 years. Now he’s a trainer and co-ordinator of citizens’ self-help. Last month alone in this area there were 10 armed robberies, 12 murders and attempted murders of farmers.

44.27
Statement Joe Reeler
Cab Act citizens self-help
“A lot of it’s also caused due to factors like unemployment, also perceptions that they should have had delivery of what was promised in the last elections, which has been slow and it's angered a lot of people, I think. There’s also the factors of land claims, where people believe that the land that a lot of farmers are using should in fact belong to them because of their forefathers' claims to it.”

44.55
The citizens of Kwa Zulu Natal and other areas of South Africa can do little more than try to protect themselves. Horseback patrols through the countryside may seem a medieval way of doing this. But if the government can’t get a grip on crime soon, then South Africa will go the way of other African countries. Ends
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