00:01:52:23 00:01:55:24 Water gives |just like women do.
00:02:13:05 00:02:15:09 When was your last period?
00:02:15:21 00:02:17:02 The twenty-third.
00:02:17:05 00:02:18:23 - The twenty-third. |- What month?
00:02:19:20 00:02:20:22 May.
00:02:21:23 00:02:24:06 You're not sure, are you?
00:02:35:04 00:02:36:17 Why are your hands like this?
00:02:39:12 00:02:41:09 Did you starting working |when you were a girl?
00:02:43:11 00:02:47:14 Do you have to go down steps to the well?
00:02:47:19 00:02:49:11 - So you lift the water up with a pulley? |- Yes.
00:02:49:16 00:02:51:12 You have to take it easy.
00:02:51:18 00:02:55:01 Don't lift heavy weights |or do this kind of work.
00:03:31:06 00:03:34:03 I've fetched water since I was five or six.
00:03:41:24 00:03:43:14 Good morning.
00:03:56:21 00:04:00:24 Women in India work hard
00:04:01:17 00:04:04:08 doing our daily chores.
00:04:16:15 00:04:20:15 It's like the effort the water makes |to rise up from the ground.
00:04:27:07 00:04:28:19 Drawing the water
00:04:28:22 00:04:31:14 makes the top and bottom of my back hurt.
00:04:31:20 00:04:34:23 Some women carry the water on their heads.
00:04:35:07 00:04:39:01 To help with the pain, |we wash with hot water.
00:05:06:20 00:05:11:13 In India about 88% of the total population
00:05:11:21 00:05:14:09 has some form of access to
00:05:14:20 00:05:17:10 improved water sources.
00:05:18:05 00:05:23:01 But only a small proportion actually |have access to water in their homes.
00:05:41:20 00:05:45:07 In cities houses have water.
00:05:45:14 00:05:50:04 They have running water |in the bathroom and kitchen.
00:05:50:11 00:05:52:24 We don't have these facilities.
00:06:33:10 00:06:35:16 In the morning I fetch five pots
00:06:35:18 00:06:38:21 and another three or four in the afternoon.
00:06:47:14 00:06:53:01 I use the water I bring the afternoon |to wash and prepare dinner.
00:07:00:16 00:07:05:24 If any water is left over from the day before, |I use it the following day
00:07:06:02 00:07:09:03 to mop the floor and cook.
00:07:26:06 00:07:28:19 We live in an area without water.
00:07:28:23 00:07:32:05 Even with pumps |it's hard to extract water.
00:07:43:13 00:07:45:24 - Have you ever had a tumour? |- No.
00:07:46:14 00:07:49:03 Get yourself weighed |and then go to the examination room.
00:08:00:17 00:08:02:12 52 kilos.
00:08:13:04 00:08:15:11 You're anaemic.
00:08:15:15 00:08:20:00 You should eat more. |Do you take vitamins?
00:08:20:04 00:08:22:03 Our harvest is poor
00:08:22:07 00:08:24:16 because of the lack of rain.
00:08:25:00 00:08:28:03 People who have their own pumps |can grow crops.
00:08:28:05 00:08:29:17 Otherwise they can't.
00:08:31:01 00:08:33:01 Vegetables are expensive.
00:08:47:11 00:08:50:05 Water comes up from the ground
00:08:50:09 00:08:53:20 and we return it there |when we water our crops.
00:09:00:24 00:09:04:23 People fight over water in their fields.
00:09:11:10 00:09:13:23 Men have abandoned the fields
00:09:14:02 00:09:16:15 and many crops have been lost.
00:09:16:21 00:09:19:05 The land has dried out. |It's barren.
00:09:28:14 00:09:31:17 Some people have emigrated
00:09:32:10 00:09:35:24 but those of us who've stayed here
00:09:36:18 00:09:39:15 don't have much to live on.
00:09:51:12 00:09:55:09 I work a lot |on issues of food security and agriculture.
00:09:55:16 00:09:58:21 And you find that |over the past 3 decades,
00:09:59:03 00:10:03:01 the ground water table |has been declining seriously.
00:10:13:24 00:10:15:14 Farmers have been extracting
00:10:16:07 00:10:19:19 ground water through tube wells |for irrigation purposes.
00:10:27:07 00:10:29:24 Even when drawing ground water
00:10:30:02 00:10:33:10 some of the drinking water |is highly contaminated
00:10:33:15 00:10:36:03 by arsenic and fluoride.
00:10:37:00 00:10:40:20 And that is leading to a range of diseases.
00:10:47:04 00:10:50:01 There are many people |who drink contaminated water.
00:10:53:18 00:10:57:11 This causes many waterborne sicknesses,
00:10:57:13 00:10:59:20 diarrhoea, fevers,
00:11:00:00 00:11:04:08 typhoid, hepatitis |and other sicknesses.
00:11:14:18 00:11:16:13 Good morning everyone.
00:11:17:16 00:11:19:01 Today we're going to talk
00:11:19:22 00:11:21:09 about sicknesses
00:11:21:15 00:11:25:19 that come from using water |that's not fit for drinking
00:11:26:02 00:11:30:05 and how to prevent them.
00:11:32:11 00:11:34:13 Typhoid fever is contracted
00:11:34:23 00:11:40:20 when drinking water |is contaminated by insect larvae.
00:11:41:00 00:11:47:17 The first symptom is a high fever.
00:11:48:03 00:11:53:17 The water has to be boiled for about 20 minutes.
00:11:53:23 00:11:59:02 This will guarantee that the bacteria die.
00:11:59:11 00:12:02:23 The water will become free of infections.
00:12:19:09 00:12:21:19 Do you know what happend generally?
00:12:21:23 00:12:25:06 People cannot boil water
00:12:25:19 00:12:29:15 because they can't light fires so many times a day
00:12:29:20 00:12:34:06 and they can't collect |enough firewood to boil water.
00:12:43:02 00:12:45:12 Does everyone in the village |drink water from the well?
00:12:45:16 00:12:47:04 Yes, everyone does.
00:12:47:19 00:12:49:11 And what's the water like?
00:12:49:18 00:12:53:09 It hasn't rained in a while
00:12:54:05 00:12:56:02 so water doesn't come from the pumps.
00:12:56:06 00:13:00:12 So there's no water |and you draw water from the well?
00:13:00:14 00:13:01:24 Is there a lot of fluoride in the water?
00:13:02:02 00:13:03:05 I don't know.
00:13:03:08 00:13:05:22 - Does the water taste salty? |- No
00:13:06:00 00:13:09:02 It's an old well and the water is drinkable.
00:13:09:08 00:13:11:08 Everyone drinks from there.
00:13:19:17 00:13:24:14 Now many of our rivers are hugely polluted |with industrial and human waste.
00:13:27:21 00:13:29:04 Women suffer
00:13:29:10 00:13:32:17 from a range of gynaecological |and other diseases
00:13:32:19 00:13:36:02 because of exposure |to contaminated water sources.
00:14:05:22 00:14:10:18 I cook for the whole family.
00:14:13:05 00:14:14:14 Do you want it?
00:14:19:07 00:14:22:03 I try not infect
00:14:22:11 00:14:26:02 my children, relatives |or family with the water.
00:14:33:07 00:14:35:22 I'm responsible for their health.
00:14:44:23 00:14:48:13 The second largest reason |for child death in India
00:14:48:19 00:14:50:11 is dirty water.
00:14:50:13 00:14:54:09 And clearly that is something |that no Indian can be proud of.
00:14:54:11 00:14:55:16 I'm not proud of that.
00:14:55:20 00:14:58:01 It's something to be worried out.
00:15:00:07 00:15:02:15 And this is only adding to the health burden
00:15:02:18 00:15:06:11 that we have in this country |and that we have to find urgent answers too.
00:15:39:09 00:15:44:18 I pray that my child doesn't get |diarrhoea or a fever.
00:15:56:19 00:16:00:01 I also ask that it can have water to drink.
00:16:09:22 00:16:11:17 And when I give birth
00:16:12:08 00:16:15:11 I'll care for my baby by giving it my milk.
00:17:01:03 00:17:04:03 There's a famous old story.
00:17:04:15 00:17:07:00 It's about a very ambitious king
00:17:07:04 00:17:09:22 whose kingdom was suffering |a severe drought.
00:17:18:11 00:17:21:06 One day he called on the water spirits.
00:17:21:10 00:17:24:16 He asked for their help
00:17:24:19 00:17:27:05 to make the finest well
00:17:27:11 00:17:31:05 that ever was to collect the little rain.
00:17:34:04 00:17:39:04 The well would be so deep |that it would need 3,500 steps.
00:17:39:10 00:17:41:18 He asked the spirits to make it |in a single night.
00:17:54:16 00:17:56:07 The following day,
00:17:56:10 00:17:59:04 the water spirits went to the king
00:17:59:11 00:18:03:12 and showed him the well. |But they said:
00:18:05:14 00:18:09:18 "Your wishes have been granted |but there's a small condition.
00:18:09:21 00:18:13:13 If someone drops anything on the steps, |they will never see it again.
00:18:46:22 00:18:48:04 In summer
00:18:48:10 00:18:52:23 women meet up at an agreed time
00:18:53:02 00:18:54:20 to fetch water.
00:18:59:17 00:19:03:06 The wells are a long way off.
00:19:03:12 00:19:07:18 We go in groups of five or six women
00:19:08:05 00:19:11:23 so that we can help each other.
00:19:17:20 00:19:20:23 It takes us over five hours a day.
00:19:23:23 00:19:26:09 Because we have large families
00:19:26:16 00:19:28:24 of eight or ten members,
00:19:29:04 00:19:34:11 going to fetch water is hard work |and time-consuming.
00:19:40:14 00:19:42:11 Have you stood the pots down properly?
00:19:43:06 00:19:45:00 They might fall in.
00:19:45:21 00:19:48:22 Don't worry they won't move.
00:19:49:09 00:19:51:06 Alright then, let's push.
00:20:27:24 00:20:31:20 Santogui had to come for water earlier |because her father wanted to wash.
00:20:31:22 00:20:33:19 He's being drinking a lot recently.
00:20:34:00 00:20:35:19 Yes, so has my father.
00:20:36:02 00:20:37:24 They drink a lot.
00:20:38:14 00:20:42:23 They drink and fall into the wells |if they come for water.
00:20:43:03 00:20:44:18 They're useless.
00:20:44:22 00:20:48:09 A couple of days ago my mother told me |that someone was calling for me last night:
00:20:48:13 00:20:49:18 Seema! Seema!
00:20:49:22 00:20:52:24 It was probably Santogui's mother |when her father fell into the water.
00:20:53:03 00:20:54:15 That was a couple of days ago.
00:20:54:17 00:20:55:23 - So she heard about it? |- Yes.
00:20:56:06 00:20:57:05 What happened?
00:20:57:10 00:20:59:12 There are problems at their house.
00:21:01:21 00:21:04:07 This is the only time
00:21:04:09 00:21:07:19 we have to share our joys and sorrows.
00:21:45:13 00:21:47:14 The men
00:21:47:18 00:21:50:07 don't help us fetch water.
00:21:50:11 00:21:54:07 They think water is only |important for two things:
00:21:54:11 00:21:57:23 for baths and drinking.
00:22:10:06 00:22:12:17 Women are the main collectors of water.
00:22:16:11 00:22:18:04 There is a difference between
00:22:18:09 00:22:20:22 the way men are responsible for water
00:22:21:05 00:22:22:15 compared with women.
00:22:32:21 00:22:36:17 Men are much more responsible |for obtaining water
00:22:36:22 00:22:39:10 and using it for the irrigation of crops.
00:22:40:16 00:22:43:03 But that is needed only seasonally.
00:22:48:10 00:22:50:23 However, in the home
00:22:51:09 00:22:55:06 if you don't have drinking water |or any water
00:22:55:13 00:22:58:05 then, there is nothing to cook with, either.
00:22:58:11 00:23:01:13 Cooking is also predominantly |a female occupation.
00:23:25:11 00:23:28:09 In some places in India,
00:23:28:14 00:23:33:02 the importance of education |is not given to the girl
00:23:33:06 00:23:37:11 because they say the girl is going to get married
00:23:37:19 00:23:40:04 and become a part of her husband's family.
00:23:40:08 00:23:42:07 And so she doesn't need to study.
00:23:53:02 00:23:57:06 What she has to know is |how to cook, clean the house,
00:23:57:10 00:23:59:20 collect water and firewood
00:23:59:24 00:24:02:09 and do household work.
00:24:05:13 00:24:10:02 She's made to do this work |at a very early age
00:24:10:05 00:24:11:23 of 6, 7 or 8.
00:24:31:08 00:24:34:14 I wanted to go to school but we had problems
00:24:34:22 00:24:37:05 and I didn't have time to study.
00:24:40:11 00:24:42:12 I worked at home,
00:24:42:21 00:24:45:21 that's why I left school.
00:24:57:09 00:24:59:24 Each pot holds 15 litres
00:25:00:01 00:25:02:13 which we bring from the well.
00:25:07:19 00:25:12:11 We can't bathe every day
00:25:12:13 00:25:15:01 because it uses at least one pot.
00:25:29:02 00:25:30:09 Everybody needs water.
00:25:31:02 00:25:33:18 People in villages and cities need it equally
00:25:34:04 00:25:35:16 because it's the source of life.
00:25:38:22 00:25:42:19 To simply designate |who can and cannot have water
00:25:42:22 00:25:45:20 is a particular attitude which is undesirable
00:25:46:01 00:25:48:19 in the best of circumstances.
00:25:49:15 00:25:52:11 Eh! It's my turn now.
00:25:54:19 00:25:57:05 Get back, Menaka!
00:25:58:16 00:26:01:02 Wait your turn!
00:26:07:11 00:26:09:07 Eh, Menaka!
00:26:09:19 00:26:12:14 We have water to sell |to Bisleri and Coca Cola.
00:26:12:17 00:26:15:09 They can tap into our ground water, |bottle it and sell it to us.
00:26:15:16 00:26:17:10 In the cities we can buy
00:26:17:19 00:26:20:10 but in the villages |where they are tapping the water
00:26:20:14 00:26:22:15 they don't have any water for agriculture.
00:26:31:11 00:26:35:05 You've got your water. |Go away!
00:26:45:15 00:26:47:12 In the past, one or two families
00:26:47:15 00:26:52:02 shared a well for their daily needs
00:26:52:08 00:26:53:24 and everything was fine.
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