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In November and December 2004,
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across the planet, eyes
are riveted on Ukraine
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Tens of thousands of Ukrainians
camp out in the freezing cold
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to protest against the fraud
in the presidential elections.
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Democratic candidate, Viktor
Yushenko has been poisoned.
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00:00:53,707 --> 00:00:56,532
Viktor Yanukovych, the
pro-Russian candidate,
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has been forcefullt
declared victorious
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Vladimir Putin
congratulates him.
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After years of repression, this
time the people stand firm,
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in the name of justice and
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freedom, in the
name of democracy.
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Round table discussions
led by the EU
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lead to a third round
in the elections.
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On 26th December 2004, Viktor
Yushenko is elected president.
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He and his ally Julia
Timoshenko swear
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to bring democracy
to the Ukraine.
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8 years on, what has
become of the heroes
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of this revolution
and their promises?
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What has become of the hopes and
dreams of the Ukrainian people?
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What shadow cloud has hung over
this nation for centuries?
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Democracy emerges in Ukraine
during 16th century.
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Groups of Ukrainians flee
their harsh serfdom in Poland
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to settle on the green steppes
along the river Dniepr.
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Fervent Christians
and fierce warriors
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they create a community
protected by a
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military unit called
Sitch Zaparog.
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Their leader is elected.
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Free men, rebels:
they are the cossacks!
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The way they chose their leaders
was democratic. They voted.
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{an8}This is at a time when,
who voted in Europe?
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{an8}It was the monarchies,
it was the divine ruler
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which comes from God and the his
descendent becomes the next one!
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Every Cossack came,
take off his hat
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{an8}and put to the feet
of his candidate;
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and who had more hats, he won.
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So democratic procedure, yes.
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00:03:03,826 --> 00:03:07,042
In 1654 Hetman
Bohdan Kmelnytsky,
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the father of the
Ukrainian nation,
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leads a massive revolt
against the Poles.
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Forced into retreat he signs an
agreement with the Russian Tsar.
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Unknowingly he has
signed away Ukrainian
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freedom to Russia for
centuries to come.
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In 1917 the October revolution
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puts an end to the
Tsarist empire;
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Ukraine takes advantage
of the chaos
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and declares its independence.
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9 months later, the Red
army crushes the rebels.
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00:04:02,216 --> 00:04:05,101
In 1922 Lenin creates the USSR,
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For the Bolsheviks it
belongs to Russia.
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But the Ukrainians will
never be Russians.
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00:04:35,958 --> 00:04:40,463
In 1927 Joseph Stalin becomes
the new master of the USSR.
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The last thing Stalin wants in
Ukraine, is free thinking people
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but he needs the wealth of its
land, its cereals, its coal…
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and human machines to
serve the soviet state.
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00:04:54,941 --> 00:04:58,243
In 1928 Stalin’s five year
plan makes Ukraine the
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industrial motor of the USSR,
but the peasants resist.
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00:05:43,916 --> 00:05:48,229
In the early 1930s Stalin
organises a state famine:
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Holodomor
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The Ukrainians are refused the
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right to search for
food elsewhere.
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Their land becomes their
prison and their grave.
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7 million die of starvation
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In the meantime propaganda
films show well fed
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children and loudspeakers
play patriotic songs
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Stalin dies in 1953.
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00:07:36,293 --> 00:07:38,756
The population is
duly unconsolable.
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00:07:39,453 --> 00:07:41,485
The master seems to
have orchestrated
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the national mourning...
himself.
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Throughout soviet times, the
so-called 'province' of
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Ukraine continues to be
economically vital to the USSR.
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It is also the
birthplace
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of Soviet leaders, writers
and intellectuals.
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The Ukrainian people
are some of the
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highest educated in
the Soviet union
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and the workforce for
the rising nuclear
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and atomic industries
during the cold war
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When I think about
the soviet times,
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I remember lot of humiliation
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{an8}It was very hard to have
simple things like a
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{an8}tooth brush, tooth paste,
soap , or shampoo,
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you had to stand
in very long lines
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to have these basic things.
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It was wrong ,very sick, very
ill, in its nature.
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And also imagine
what it was like
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to be Ukrainian
under soviet rule.
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00:09:09,267 --> 00:09:12,945
For many generations this
nation felt that the
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very fact of its existence
was under huge question
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As a school boy, I
remember my school was
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the only Ukrainian
school downtown Kiev
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where kids could
study maths or
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physics in their
native language.
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On the 6th of April, 1986
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the nuclear power station of
Chernobyl in Ukraine explodes.
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At least 10 000 Ukrainains
and Belo Russians will die.
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Only the nomenclotura is
informed of the accident
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and its gravity.
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Chernobyl is 50 miles
from Kiev, the capital.
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The Ukrainian people are
informed 4 weeks later.
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Chernobyl also causes the
Ukrainian political scene
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to explode
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A party for
independence is created
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by ecologists and intellectuals
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00:10:53,803 --> 00:10:55,350
In 1989 in Germany
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the Berlin wall is torn
down by the population.
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A wind of change is
sweeping across the USSR.
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In 1990, Lithuania
declares its independence.
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And in Ukraine a human
chain crosses the country
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the people sing:
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« Mother Moscow we want
to be made orphans »
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The first tent city on
Maidan which I remember,
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happened when young students,
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2 or 3 hundred of them,
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went to the central square
of the communist capital
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of the soviet Ukraine
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and they protested against
the communist rule.
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On the 24th of August 1991,
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the conservative
faction of the KGB
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attempts a coup
against Gorbatchev
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who wants to reform the USSR.
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Boris Yeltsin intervenes and
emerges as the new leader.
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There was just this
feeling of optimism.
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00:14:14,364 --> 00:14:17,330
{an8}At the same time nobody knew how
quickly things would fall apart,
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{an8}so when the coup happened,
what was also extraordinary…
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{an8}In the Maidan,
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in what then became the
October Revolution square,
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People were standing there
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00:14:26,066 --> 00:14:28,931
and the police barriers
were up, protecting...
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00:14:28,931 --> 00:14:31,765
and then on the day
that the coup ended,
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I remember clearly
being in the square
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00:14:34,243 --> 00:14:39,732
and the barriers just melted
and people surged… mmm
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We had this feeling,
this flavour of miracle
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we had a chance to see
with our own eyes.
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I was 15 years old at that time
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00:14:51,741 --> 00:14:56,377
but I clearly
remember this feeling
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of inspiration, enthusiasm
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which the country was full
of, it was wonderful.
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00:15:02,703 --> 00:15:06,038
The very same day, on the
24th of september 1991,
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00:15:06,038 --> 00:15:08,236
Ukrainian parliament, RADA,
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00:15:08,261 --> 00:15:10,771
declares the
independance of Ukraine.
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But independence
is not for free
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00:17:25,935 --> 00:17:28,614
and although Russian gas
transits through Ukraine,
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Ukraine has a gas debt towards
Russia of 80 million dollars.
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00:17:33,097 --> 00:17:34,301
Yeltsin declares :
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00:17:34,301 --> 00:17:37,654
« either Ukraine enters
the CIS or it pays up ».
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00:17:38,628 --> 00:17:41,946
The gas blackmail between
Russia and Ukraine has begun.
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00:17:42,719 --> 00:17:44,226
Pro-russian Crimea becomes
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an autonomous republic
within Ukraine.
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The Black Sea is shared :
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20% for Ukraine and
80% for Russia.
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00:17:52,986 --> 00:17:56,181
Russian flags fly in the
port of Sebastopol.
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00:17:58,585 --> 00:18:01,304
Independence means the
creation of a constitution,
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of laws, of an army,
of a police force.
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00:18:05,734 --> 00:18:07,159
But over the centuries,
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religious faith has been the
only refuge for the population.
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They create a independant
Ukrainian Orthodox church
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with a Kiev Patriarchy.
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Kravtchouk is a bad manager.
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And in 1994, he is replaced
by Leonid Koutchma
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ex-director of the strategic
missile complex of the USSR.
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00:18:27,327 --> 00:18:28,327
His slogan:
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00:18:28,390 --> 00:18:31,657
”With Koutchma your factory
will take to its wings”
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He abolishes the parliamentary
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00:18:33,244 --> 00:18:35,115
constitution to give
himself more power.
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00:18:35,814 --> 00:18:39,096
Koutchma comes from
Dnipropetrovsk, near Donbass,
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in the industrial heart of
the USSR created by Stalin.
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The east of Ukraine is
predominantly Russian-speaking
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because that was the common
language of the miners
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00:18:50,651 --> 00:18:53,144
who were bought into that
area to mine the coal.
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00:18:54,088 --> 00:18:58,572
It was also one of the major
centers of communist influence.
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It was the great
patriotic miners
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{an8}fighting for the
future of the country.
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{an8}They were heavily rewarded.
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{an8}They were some of the highest
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00:19:07,166 --> 00:19:08,675
{an8}paid workers of
the Soviet Union.
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00:19:08,675 --> 00:19:12,190
They were given incredibly
special status.
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So, over a period of time,
there has been a natural
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arrogance, if you
like, developed
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« We are the best of the
people of Ukraine »
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Koutchma launches a massive
privatization programme,
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which favors his
family and friends,
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especially in the energy
and media sectors.
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00:19:32,145 --> 00:19:35,249
He has started to create a
select clan of oligarchs.
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An enterprising young couple,
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00:20:14,207 --> 00:20:16,345
Julia Timoshenko
and her husband,
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00:20:16,345 --> 00:20:17,691
seize this opportunity
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00:20:17,775 --> 00:20:19,839
and successfully create
different businesses
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before entering
the gas industry.
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Their company quickly becomes
the biggest intermediary
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00:20:24,459 --> 00:20:26,835
for Russian gas in Ukraine.
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00:20:52,514 --> 00:20:55,441
From now on the young women
is called the gas princess.
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00:20:55,533 --> 00:20:58,525
At the time, her dubious deals
with Russian businessmen
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00:20:58,525 --> 00:21:01,007
even lead to an
investigation by Interpol.
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00:21:01,513 --> 00:21:04,147
In both Russia and
Ukraine, the richest
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00:21:04,172 --> 00:21:06,937
oligarchs make their
fortuness in energy.
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00:21:07,872 --> 00:21:10,824
I believe the Americans
created the oligarchs.
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00:21:11,055 --> 00:21:16,940
I was working in Russia in the
mass privatization program,
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00:21:16,940 --> 00:21:19,171
where we were handing
out certificates
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00:21:19,196 --> 00:21:21,460
in one room to the
workers in factories
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00:21:21,460 --> 00:21:23,541
and they were then
selling them to
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00:21:23,566 --> 00:21:25,622
the general director
of the factory
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00:21:25,622 --> 00:21:28,816
for a bottle of vodka and ten
dollars in the next room.
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00:21:29,063 --> 00:21:30,942
And I can remember
having a discussion
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00:21:30,942 --> 00:21:33,395
with someone senior from USAID
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00:21:33,420 --> 00:21:37,687
and I said "This is crazy, we’re
just making this man very rich"
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00:21:38,476 --> 00:21:40,454
This person turned
to me and said :
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00:21:40,454 --> 00:21:42,350
" Martin you do not understand.
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00:21:42,350 --> 00:21:45,530
I have a briefing from the
president of the United States
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00:21:45,555 --> 00:21:47,181
to kill communism.
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00:21:47,181 --> 00:21:49,539
The only way we’re going
to kill communism
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00:21:49,564 --> 00:21:51,866
is by killing the
economic basis of it ".
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00:21:52,660 --> 00:21:55,493
Exactly the same thing
happened in Ukraine.
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00:21:55,844 --> 00:21:58,863
The process of privatization
was different
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00:21:58,863 --> 00:22:01,898
but there was no
control over it.
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00:22:01,898 --> 00:22:03,885
Therefore it was a carve up.
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00:22:03,885 --> 00:22:06,448
The law was so badly
worded you could
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00:22:06,473 --> 00:22:08,876
drive a brigade of
tanks through it.
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00:22:08,876 --> 00:22:11,702
Some of them grew rich
at the point of a gun,
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00:22:11,702 --> 00:22:13,049
some of the grew rich
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00:22:13,074 --> 00:22:15,973
because they were extremely
good businessmen.
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00:22:15,973 --> 00:22:17,418
Some just happened to be
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00:22:17,443 --> 00:22:20,089
the right person in the right
place at the right time.
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00:22:20,680 --> 00:22:22,990
Since independence the
mafia and banditry
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00:22:22,990 --> 00:22:24,774
have thrived in Donietsk,
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00:22:24,799 --> 00:22:27,019
the heart of the coal
industry in the DOMBASS.
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00:22:27,140 --> 00:22:28,926
Kuchma’s privatisations
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00:22:28,926 --> 00:22:31,659
also legalised these
businessmen bandits,
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00:22:32,047 --> 00:22:34,086
In return, they promise
him obedience.
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00:22:34,680 --> 00:22:37,125
One of the bright young
men making a name for himself
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00:22:37,150 --> 00:22:39,999
in this sinister world
is Rinat Akhmetov.
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00:22:40,318 --> 00:22:42,701
He is the protégé of the
Godfather of Donietsk,
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00:22:42,701 --> 00:22:45,434
the sponsor of the
football team Shaktar
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00:22:45,620 --> 00:22:48,529
Akhmetov’s benefactor
is assassinated
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00:22:48,529 --> 00:22:50,630
in the stadium built
for his club.
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00:22:51,208 --> 00:22:55,327
Akmetov inherits not only the
club, but his whole estate.
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00:22:55,907 --> 00:22:58,196
The president and the
security service
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00:22:58,196 --> 00:22:59,796
would collect intelligence
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00:22:59,821 --> 00:23:02,208
on corruption undertaken
by the oligarchs
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00:23:02,208 --> 00:23:04,727
and those files would
be kept under wraps
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00:23:04,727 --> 00:23:07,424
just as long as the oligarchs
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00:23:07,424 --> 00:23:10,224
were politically loyal
to the president.
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00:23:10,497 --> 00:23:12,830
If they stepped out of line,
the files would come out
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00:23:12,830 --> 00:23:14,454
and they would go on trial.
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00:23:14,877 --> 00:23:16,595
So it was a blackmail state.
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00:23:16,955 --> 00:23:18,485
Ste Sophie’s Cathedral
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00:23:18,485 --> 00:23:21,352
belongs to all orthodox
churches in Kiev.
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00:23:21,700 --> 00:23:24,087
On the 18th of July 1995
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00:23:24,087 --> 00:23:28,087
the Ukrainian orthodox community
tries to bury its patriach.
248
00:23:28,414 --> 00:23:31,087
But the Russian orthodox
church bars the passage.
249
00:23:31,972 --> 00:23:34,449
Kuchma sends in
the riot police.
250
00:23:44,459 --> 00:23:48,250
In despair, the people bury him
outside the cathedral walls.
251
00:23:52,168 --> 00:23:53,488
Repression is back
252
00:23:53,513 --> 00:23:56,074
and Kuchma shows
that his convictions
253
00:23:56,099 --> 00:23:58,028
lie with the Russian church;
254
00:23:58,053 --> 00:24:00,155
the powerful tool of the KGB.
255
00:24:03,873 --> 00:24:07,787
Fraud helps Kutchma the
presidential elections in 1998
256
00:24:08,241 --> 00:24:09,800
His clan’s control of
the country’s resouces,
257
00:24:09,899 --> 00:24:12,899
corruption the muzzling of
the media, repression...
258
00:24:12,954 --> 00:24:15,057
have all seriously
tarnished his image.
259
00:24:15,564 --> 00:24:17,692
He needs a good
honest prime minister
260
00:24:19,519 --> 00:24:21,946
Victor Yushenko, head
of the national bank,
261
00:24:21,971 --> 00:24:24,231
and creator of the new
currency, the Gryvna,
262
00:24:24,337 --> 00:24:26,108
is considered by
Forbes magazine to be
263
00:24:26,133 --> 00:24:27,993
one of the best
economists in the world.
264
00:24:28,024 --> 00:24:30,739
A fervent patriot, he’s
the man for the job.
265
00:26:32,613 --> 00:26:34,646
On 3rd November 2000,
266
00:26:34,646 --> 00:26:36,800
a mutilated and headless body
267
00:26:36,976 --> 00:26:39,517
is found in a shallow grave
in a forest near Kiev.
268
00:26:40,316 --> 00:26:43,598
The man is wearing the chain
and ring of Géorgui Gongazdé,
269
00:26:43,598 --> 00:26:45,931
a journalist in
Ukrainski Pravda.
270
00:26:46,661 --> 00:26:49,591
Gongadzé’s caustic
articles and interviews
271
00:26:49,690 --> 00:26:52,090
regularly incriminate
the president.
272
00:26:52,879 --> 00:26:54,940
The media belongs
to Kuchma’s clan
273
00:26:54,940 --> 00:26:56,940
and few voices dare speak out.
274
00:26:57,849 --> 00:26:59,136
For Gongadzés colleagues
275
00:26:59,136 --> 00:27:01,736
this is a pre-meditated
assassination.
276
00:27:02,309 --> 00:27:04,942
500 journalists demonstrate
against the regime
277
00:27:05,215 --> 00:27:07,600
and demand freedom
of the press.
278
00:27:59,180 --> 00:28:01,725
Melynchenko wants to make the
recordings public.
279
00:28:02,250 --> 00:28:05,184
The socialist leader
Oleksandr Moroz
280
00:28:05,184 --> 00:28:07,117
has Kuchma's voice validated.
281
00:28:55,821 --> 00:29:00,456
Gongadzé, the lack of freedom of
the press, enough is enough.
282
00:29:00,735 --> 00:29:02,829
The crowd takes the floor.
283
00:29:02,854 --> 00:29:06,012
The movement is called «
Ukraine without Kuchma »
284
00:29:15,838 --> 00:29:18,236
In parliament, Kuchma's clan
makes the most of the moment
285
00:29:18,293 --> 00:29:19,893
to fire Julia Timoshenko
286
00:29:19,934 --> 00:29:22,088
who had become the
minister for energy.
287
00:29:53,696 --> 00:29:57,229
Julia Timoshenko is arrested
on the 13th of February, 2000
288
00:29:58,587 --> 00:30:00,761
On the 2nd of April,
thanks to the
289
00:30:00,786 --> 00:30:02,996
anti-Kouchma demonstrations,
she is liberated.
290
00:30:04,062 --> 00:30:06,278
When she leaves
prison she has a new
291
00:30:06,303 --> 00:30:07,828
traditional Ukrainian
hairstyle.
292
00:30:15,219 --> 00:30:17,430
The next on the list
is Victor Yushenko.
293
00:30:17,430 --> 00:30:20,344
He is fired from his
position as prime minister
294
00:30:20,995 --> 00:30:23,662
Julia Timoshenko and
Victor Yushenko's parties
295
00:30:23,687 --> 00:30:26,013
join forces in opposition
to the regime.
296
00:30:35,025 --> 00:30:37,063
On the 7th May 2000.
297
00:30:37,063 --> 00:30:39,969
Vladimir Putin is elected
president of Russia.
298
00:30:39,969 --> 00:30:42,471
For Kuchma, Putin is a god-send.
299
00:30:42,774 --> 00:30:45,450
The Gongadzé affair has
left deep scars,
300
00:30:45,450 --> 00:30:48,914
the population is angry, his
clan is less manageable.
301
00:30:49,059 --> 00:30:50,859
he needs help from outside.
302
00:30:51,317 --> 00:30:53,443
and Putin couldn’t ask for more.
303
00:30:54,130 --> 00:30:56,712
His aim is to rebuild
an empire for Russia
304
00:30:56,736 --> 00:30:59,077
like in the good old
days of the USSR.
305
00:30:59,549 --> 00:31:02,228
Kuchma makes more trips to
Moscow than to his datcha.
306
00:31:02,854 --> 00:31:05,049
Commercial deals are
made by the dozen
307
00:31:05,074 --> 00:31:08,119
and the delicate problem of
gas is left in the cupboard,
308
00:31:08,119 --> 00:31:09,519
for the time being...
309
00:31:10,168 --> 00:31:12,043
.. For the 10th anniversary
of Independence
310
00:31:12,068 --> 00:31:14,161
a massive parade is organised
311
00:31:14,365 --> 00:31:16,298
in honour of Vladiamir Putin
312
00:31:17,333 --> 00:31:20,075
But another important matter
preoccupies the two men.
313
00:31:20,076 --> 00:31:23,343
Kuchma cannot stand for
presidency a third time.
314
00:31:23,615 --> 00:31:25,086
They need to prepare
a candidate
315
00:31:25,111 --> 00:31:28,499
who is pro-Russian and can
be easily manipulated.
316
00:31:53,599 --> 00:31:56,761
Viktor Yanukovych is the leader
of the Party of Regions
317
00:31:56,786 --> 00:31:59,410
created in 2001 in
the East of Ukraine
318
00:31:59,410 --> 00:32:01,477
by the oligarch Rinat Akhmetov,
319
00:32:02,119 --> 00:32:04,909
the political sponsor
of Yanukovych.
320
00:32:39,980 --> 00:32:42,839
The files concerning the
criminal past of Ynoukovytch,
321
00:32:42,840 --> 00:32:45,707
sentenced twice for
robbery, are carefully
322
00:32:45,732 --> 00:32:48,331
kept under wraps by
the KGB in Moscow.
323
00:32:49,898 --> 00:32:52,724
As planned, prime minister
Yanoukovytch becomes
324
00:32:52,749 --> 00:32:55,280
the presidential candidate
for the regime.
325
00:32:55,866 --> 00:32:57,733
Koutchma publicly
declares that these
326
00:32:57,758 --> 00:33:00,248
elections will be the
most terrifying ever
327
00:33:11,557 --> 00:33:14,455
The candidate in the orange
camp is Viktor Yushenko.
328
00:33:14,455 --> 00:33:17,511
Supported by the West he
satnds for democracy,
329
00:33:17,536 --> 00:33:20,201
justice and freedom
of Ukrainian values.
330
00:33:20,273 --> 00:33:23,206
and he has the charisma
of a John F Kennedy.
331
00:33:25,835 --> 00:33:28,651
On the 5th of September,
late in the evening,
332
00:33:28,850 --> 00:33:30,872
Yushenko leaves Kiev
for a dinner party
333
00:33:30,897 --> 00:33:33,581
organised by a member of the
Ukainian secret services
334
00:33:33,606 --> 00:33:35,226
at his datcha.
335
00:33:36,085 --> 00:33:37,631
Over the next few days
336
00:33:37,653 --> 00:33:39,590
Yushenko’s body is
covered with an
337
00:33:39,615 --> 00:33:41,385
infected blister-like eruption.
338
00:33:41,866 --> 00:33:44,150
His doctors immediately
dispatch him
339
00:33:44,175 --> 00:33:46,212
to Vienna to consult
specialists
340
00:33:46,865 --> 00:33:50,740
According to tests Yushenko was
poisoned by a form of Dioxine
341
00:33:50,765 --> 00:33:55,689
which has belated effects on
body organs and leads to death.
342
00:33:55,820 --> 00:33:58,325
The cruel irony is
that this poison
343
00:33:58,325 --> 00:34:00,545
used by the Americans
in the Vietnam war
344
00:34:00,603 --> 00:34:02,203
is called agent orange.
345
00:34:03,369 --> 00:34:06,604
But it is also
fabricated by the KGB.
346
00:35:42,605 --> 00:35:44,902
Just to show that the
attacks are not selective
347
00:35:44,902 --> 00:35:46,934
a fortnight later,
Putin’s PR team who
348
00:35:46,959 --> 00:35:48,862
are running the
Yanukovitch campaign
349
00:35:48,863 --> 00:35:51,667
stage an attack on
their candidate
350
00:35:51,692 --> 00:35:53,614
in a pro-Yushenko town.
351
00:35:56,919 --> 00:35:58,982
The grenade is an egg…
352
00:36:15,457 --> 00:36:19,416
Kuchma and Putin are beginning
to have a few doubts…
353
00:36:21,888 --> 00:36:24,567
On the 21st November, the
second round of elections
354
00:36:24,608 --> 00:36:26,869
confronts the two
main candidates
355
00:36:27,467 --> 00:36:29,867
Everyone is expecting
election fraud
356
00:36:30,834 --> 00:36:32,732
Ukrainian NGOs like PORA
357
00:36:32,732 --> 00:36:36,799
are trained by American NGOS
to obtain democratic elections.
358
00:36:39,318 --> 00:36:42,318
Lots of observers are
coming into our country
359
00:36:42,584 --> 00:36:48,031
{an8}to check if our elections
were falsified or not.
360
00:36:48,301 --> 00:36:53,702
but in our country we have
been falsifying the elections
361
00:36:53,727 --> 00:36:58,654
and stopping the freedom of
the press for 70 years .
362
00:36:58,746 --> 00:37:03,739
Do you think it is so easy
to come and put an end to it
363
00:37:03,739 --> 00:37:05,731
Just because you
come from the West ?
364
00:37:05,731 --> 00:37:10,358
It’s not so easy because
we have lots of practice.
365
00:37:10,754 --> 00:37:14,434
I was in my native
town of Tchernigiv
366
00:37:14,459 --> 00:37:17,163
and I was an observer.
367
00:37:17,188 --> 00:37:23,217
We counted the votes all night
368
00:37:23,242 --> 00:37:25,230
and then I went home.
369
00:37:25,266 --> 00:37:27,430
When I woke up
late the next day,
370
00:37:27,455 --> 00:37:29,594
my mother was
completely shocked.
371
00:37:29,619 --> 00:37:31,626
And then I realised
something was wrong.
372
00:38:10,283 --> 00:38:12,681
I was one of theose
young people
373
00:38:12,706 --> 00:38:15,252
{an8}who didn't care about
politics at all.
374
00:38:15,330 --> 00:38:20,190
{an8}I would rather watch some
TV show than the news.
375
00:38:20,215 --> 00:38:23,609
I was what, 24, 25 years old...
376
00:38:23,650 --> 00:38:28,523
But, when this happened...in
2004, and they announced that
377
00:38:29,969 --> 00:38:31,969
Yanukovytch was our president.
378
00:38:32,000 --> 00:38:34,438
We all knew it was
such a lie and
379
00:38:34,463 --> 00:38:36,948
we could see it
with our own eyes.
380
00:39:00,855 --> 00:39:03,231
So the president
was Yanukovych!
381
00:39:03,256 --> 00:39:05,362
I started crying.
382
00:39:05,378 --> 00:39:08,043
I went out in the
street and that’s where
383
00:39:08,068 --> 00:39:10,399
everything started
for me personally.
384
00:39:10,424 --> 00:39:13,328
I spent the whole night
on Kreshchiatic street
385
00:39:13,353 --> 00:39:16,402
where people had
started together.
386
00:39:20,176 --> 00:39:22,082
In spite of the
barricades and nails
387
00:39:22,107 --> 00:39:23,885
placed on the roads
by the régime,
388
00:39:23,885 --> 00:39:26,799
hundreds and thousands of
Ukrainians flock to the capital
389
00:39:26,824 --> 00:39:31,250
by bus, by car, by
train, on foot.
390
00:39:31,250 --> 00:39:34,837
Kreshchiatic, the main
street in Kiev and Maidan,
391
00:39:34,862 --> 00:39:37,850
Independence square,
fiill up with tents.
392
00:39:37,875 --> 00:39:39,760
A tent for each region.
393
00:39:39,785 --> 00:39:42,770
Maidan becomes a
map of Ukraine.
394
00:40:13,782 --> 00:40:17,196
People from Kiev brought
food to Maidan.
395
00:40:17,262 --> 00:40:23,602
Old ladies with nothing to eat,
gave their last crust of bread,
396
00:40:23,627 --> 00:40:31,919
but as the days went bay we
became more and more organised.
397
00:40:31,977 --> 00:40:34,802
We conquered the
Ukrainian House
398
00:40:34,928 --> 00:40:40,856
where people who were freezing
cold could sleep a little
399
00:40:40,881 --> 00:40:46,009
warm up, take
medicine, eat something.
400
00:40:46,061 --> 00:40:48,608
You could see women
bringing tea and
401
00:40:48,633 --> 00:40:51,499
little sandwiches they
had made to Maidan
402
00:40:51,524 --> 00:40:56,171
they didn’t asked to be paid.
403
00:40:56,653 --> 00:41:25,668
<i>PIANO MUSIC</i>
404
00:41:27,239 --> 00:41:29,841
It wasn’t about
Washington or Mosow,
405
00:41:29,940 --> 00:41:32,138
it was all these people
who
406
00:41:32,138 --> 00:41:33,138
{an8}went on Maidan.
407
00:41:34,938 --> 00:41:40,133
{an8}They were taking risks, they
knew they could lose their jobs.
408
00:41:40,505 --> 00:41:46,128
They knew that there
could be violence.
409
00:41:46,128 --> 00:41:48,556
They knew they could be killed.
410
00:42:01,506 --> 00:42:03,182
The first 7 days
of the revolution
411
00:42:03,207 --> 00:42:04,832
are the most dangerous.
412
00:42:05,499 --> 00:42:07,685
The population know
that Ukrainian troops
413
00:42:07,710 --> 00:42:09,947
have been ordered to
encircle the capital.
414
00:42:10,522 --> 00:42:13,330
These soldiers are their
brothers, their cousins.
415
00:42:13,355 --> 00:42:14,986
They have been given
real bullets.
416
00:42:16,478 --> 00:42:19,384
Russian troops, disguised in
Ukrainian uniforms,
417
00:42:19,409 --> 00:42:20,931
are en route for Kiev.
418
00:43:05,330 --> 00:43:08,837
<i>SIRENS</i>
419
00:43:09,119 --> 00:43:11,538
<i>UKRAINIAN FOLK MUSIC</i>
420
00:43:11,538 --> 00:43:13,421
<i>SIRENS</i>
421
00:43:13,421 --> 00:43:15,320
<i>UKRAINIAN MUSIC</i>
422
00:43:15,320 --> 00:43:23,732
<i>SIRENS AND UKRAINIAN MUSIC</i>
423
00:43:23,916 --> 00:43:25,630
The blue camp is
near the station,
424
00:43:25,630 --> 00:43:27,079
where miners and
other supporters
425
00:43:27,079 --> 00:43:28,546
arrive from the East.
426
00:43:28,838 --> 00:43:30,253
There are few women.
427
00:43:30,278 --> 00:43:33,811
But Viktor Yanoukovitch has
brought a secret weapon:
428
00:43:35,314 --> 00:43:36,314
Mrs. Yanoukovitch
429
00:44:25,243 --> 00:44:28,618
When we climbed the hill,
we saw blue tents:
430
00:44:28,643 --> 00:44:30,633
Yanukovytch’s supporters.
431
00:44:30,633 --> 00:44:35,288
They were a bit aggressive,
but I told my friend
432
00:44:35,313 --> 00:44:38,664
to keep smiling
and be friendly,
433
00:44:38,664 --> 00:44:41,810
and then a crowd form
Maidan started to arrive.
434
00:44:41,851 --> 00:44:43,571
I was really scared, because
435
00:44:43,596 --> 00:44:45,989
violence can break
out at any time,
436
00:44:45,989 --> 00:44:50,364
but they started to shout :
« East and West together »
437
00:44:50,364 --> 00:44:51,528
It was really important,
438
00:44:51,553 --> 00:44:54,926
because the West of
Ukraine was for Yushenko
439
00:44:54,951 --> 00:44:57,472
and the East was
for Ianoukovytch.
440
00:45:05,816 --> 00:45:08,410
Election fraud has been
officially confirmed,
441
00:45:08,435 --> 00:45:10,839
and Europeans ask
Kuchma to call for a
442
00:45:10,864 --> 00:45:13,439
round table discussion
to reach a solution.
443
00:45:15,238 --> 00:45:17,371
Julia Timoshenko is not invited
444
00:45:17,775 --> 00:45:19,308
She is on the streets.
445
00:45:19,455 --> 00:45:21,301
Her objective is
to avoid violence
446
00:45:21,326 --> 00:45:23,066
between Ukrainians
at all costs.
447
00:45:24,220 --> 00:45:27,335
Collin Powel calls Kuchma
from the United states:
448
00:45:27,447 --> 00:45:29,999
If the army moves in,
the bank accounts of
449
00:45:30,024 --> 00:45:32,991
Ukrainian oligarchs in the
States will be closed.
450
00:45:33,053 --> 00:45:35,108
Kuchma makes a flying
visit to Moscow
451
00:45:35,133 --> 00:45:36,717
to get Putin’s endorsement.
452
00:45:37,553 --> 00:45:40,471
On his return a deal is made.
453
00:45:40,471 --> 00:45:43,905
Victor Yanukovich knows
that the show is over.
454
00:45:43,905 --> 00:45:45,171
He feels betrayed.
455
00:45:45,791 --> 00:45:48,458
Leonid Kuchma obtains
complete immunity.
456
00:45:48,702 --> 00:45:50,787
The election commissions
will be replaced,
457
00:45:50,787 --> 00:45:53,032
there will be another round of
elections
458
00:45:53,032 --> 00:45:55,194
and a new constitution
will return Ukraine
459
00:45:55,219 --> 00:45:58,241
to a parliamentary
republic by 2006.
460
00:46:03,684 --> 00:46:06,748
One month later the Ukrainians
vote for the third time.
461
00:46:07,848 --> 00:46:11,462
Victor Yushenko becomes the
new president of Ukraine.
462
00:46:35,939 --> 00:46:38,871
Freedom is when people
can speak freely,
463
00:46:38,896 --> 00:46:41,697
but democracy is when
the government listens.
464
00:46:42,463 --> 00:46:45,445
The Orange Revolution brought
a very high expectation.
465
00:46:45,470 --> 00:46:47,907
for very quick change.
466
00:46:48,161 --> 00:46:50,541
And that put the leaders,
467
00:46:50,944 --> 00:46:53,700
{an8}the heroes of the
Orange Revolution,
468
00:46:53,920 --> 00:46:55,586
{an8}in a kind of virtual trap
469
00:47:10,618 --> 00:47:13,350
Putin had done everything to
prevent the Orange Revolution
470
00:47:13,375 --> 00:47:15,259
but the very day
of his investiture,
471
00:47:15,284 --> 00:47:18,607
president Yushenko’s first
official visit is for Moscow.
472
00:47:18,821 --> 00:47:19,641
Surprising...
473
00:47:19,681 --> 00:47:20,681
but strategic.
474
00:47:21,048 --> 00:47:22,195
Show the bear you're its friend.
475
00:48:47,569 --> 00:48:49,926
As expected, on his
return from Moscow,
476
00:48:50,015 --> 00:48:52,464
President Yushenko names
Julia Tymoshenko,
477
00:48:52,464 --> 00:48:55,797
the muse of the Orange
Revolution, Prime Minister.
478
00:50:06,716 --> 00:50:08,379
Second in charge, Julia quickly
479
00:50:08,404 --> 00:50:10,388
takes control of
government affairs
480
00:50:11,369 --> 00:50:13,275
The Orange team's
aim is to build
481
00:50:13,300 --> 00:50:15,205
a partnership with
Europe and the West
482
00:50:15,455 --> 00:50:17,455
NATO offers Ukraine membership
483
00:50:17,916 --> 00:50:20,917
but the population only wants
to join the European Union
484
00:50:21,061 --> 00:50:22,528
which remains silent.
485
00:50:23,131 --> 00:50:24,966
Within the country,
Timochenko and Yushenko's
486
00:50:24,991 --> 00:50:27,257
major task is to
attack corruption
487
00:50:27,983 --> 00:50:31,649
They start by re-privatizing
Soviet steelworks Krivoristhal.
488
00:50:31,748 --> 00:50:34,693
Acquired for a fraction of its
value by Kuchma's son-in-law
489
00:50:34,740 --> 00:50:38,641
Leonid Pinchuk and Rinat
Akhmetov in 2004.
490
00:50:41,896 --> 00:50:42,896
<i>GAVEL SOUNDS</i>
491
00:50:44,787 --> 00:50:46,267
In an international auction,
492
00:50:46,267 --> 00:50:49,030
the steelworks go to
Mital Steel for a profit
493
00:50:49,055 --> 00:50:51,034
of 4 billion dollars
for the state.
494
00:50:53,922 --> 00:50:55,792
There is general
chaos among the
495
00:50:55,817 --> 00:50:57,719
other oligarchs
in Kuchma's clan.
496
00:50:57,719 --> 00:50:59,852
They all expect the axe to fall.
497
00:51:00,722 --> 00:51:04,583
{an8}They all were fleeing to Moscow,
to Monaco, fleeing to America;
498
00:51:04,583 --> 00:51:06,647
{an8}they were committing suicide.
499
00:51:06,647 --> 00:51:09,550
{an8} Some of them believed there
would be a pogrom against them.
500
00:51:09,574 --> 00:51:10,730
They used that word !
501
00:51:11,246 --> 00:51:12,496
The people also want revenge
502
00:51:12,521 --> 00:51:15,113
for the murder of journalist
Géorgui Gongazdé in 2000.
503
00:51:15,691 --> 00:51:18,004
An enquiry confirms
Kuchma's implication.
504
00:51:18,120 --> 00:51:20,151
and yet, the case
is put on hold.
505
00:52:46,973 --> 00:52:48,442
Then comes the shock:
506
00:52:48,443 --> 00:52:49,443
divorce
507
00:52:49,684 --> 00:52:51,762
Only 6 months after
her nomination
508
00:52:51,857 --> 00:52:54,693
Victor Yushenko dismisses Julia
Tymochenko and her government.
509
00:53:11,701 --> 00:53:15,608
So he didn’t explain
why he did like that
510
00:53:18,537 --> 00:53:21,016
{an8}and so it was the most
important question,
511
00:53:21,041 --> 00:53:23,404
you know, because
people wanted to know.
512
00:53:23,597 --> 00:53:27,970
They wanted to know and they
had the right to know because
513
00:53:28,457 --> 00:53:33,263
if you are going to provide
all democracy in this country,
514
00:53:33,263 --> 00:53:34,780
you have to be open.
515
00:53:34,897 --> 00:53:38,856
{an8}I couldn’t recognize the
person who I knew since 92.
516
00:53:38,856 --> 00:53:43,661
{an8} He became very different,
517
00:53:43,661 --> 00:53:50,894
it’s like, all good
and nice things
518
00:53:50,894 --> 00:53:53,746
which make him the most
popular politician
519
00:53:53,746 --> 00:53:56,818
had been suddenly replaced by
520
00:53:56,818 --> 00:53:58,739
irritation to criticism,
521
00:53:58,739 --> 00:54:01,886
by irritation to journalists.
522
00:54:01,982 --> 00:54:03,916
He refused to open up.
523
00:54:03,916 --> 00:54:06,449
He refused to drop
all the privileges.
524
00:54:43,166 --> 00:54:45,392
20 years is not a
long period of time
525
00:54:45,392 --> 00:54:47,551
for an independent country
but at the same time,
526
00:54:47,551 --> 00:54:51,544
you can say that many missed
opportunities happened
527
00:54:51,544 --> 00:54:55,603
and those missed
opportunities are
528
00:54:55,702 --> 00:54:59,335
things such as, of course,
the Orange Revolution,
529
00:54:59,335 --> 00:55:00,364
and Viktor Yushenko.
530
00:55:00,364 --> 00:55:03,606
Every historian
and every writer,
531
00:55:03,653 --> 00:55:05,500
Ukrainian and Western,
will always say
532
00:55:05,540 --> 00:55:08,586
this was a missed opportunity
for Victor Yushenko
533
00:55:08,611 --> 00:55:10,542
to become Ukrainian’s
George Washington”.
534
00:56:16,104 --> 00:56:18,771
Vladimir Putin hadn't
had long to wait.
535
00:56:18,815 --> 00:56:20,732
Only a year after the
revolution,
536
00:56:20,732 --> 00:56:23,506
Orange power is already
on its way out.
537
00:56:23,553 --> 00:56:26,560
and gas, the new blood of
the liberal Russian Empire,
538
00:56:26,560 --> 00:56:28,776
has become a real
political weapon.
539
00:56:29,741 --> 00:56:31,639
In August 2004,
540
00:56:31,639 --> 00:56:33,772
{an8}Russia signed a long-term,
541
00:56:33,773 --> 00:56:38,105
{an8}five-year, literally
unchangeable, agreement
542
00:56:38,105 --> 00:56:40,900
with Ukraine, about gas prices
543
00:56:40,900 --> 00:56:42,905
but a couple of
months afterwards,
544
00:56:42,930 --> 00:56:45,177
Russia dramatically
increased the
545
00:56:45,202 --> 00:56:47,489
price of the gas
supply to Ukraine,
546
00:56:47,489 --> 00:56:48,822
more than 3 times.
547
00:56:49,169 --> 00:56:52,836
It was intended to show
to Ukraine and Europe
548
00:56:52,935 --> 00:56:54,884
how powerful Russia is
549
00:56:54,884 --> 00:56:56,892
in terms of gas supplies.
550
00:56:57,428 --> 00:56:58,967
Price doesn’t matter here.
551
00:56:58,967 --> 00:57:02,034
They wanted to
switch off the gas.
552
00:57:07,576 --> 00:57:09,693
Vladimir Putin
reopens the gas taps
553
00:57:09,694 --> 00:57:12,399
when Ukraine accepts a
new gas intermediary
554
00:57:12,399 --> 00:57:14,804
RosUkrEnergo
555
00:57:14,804 --> 00:57:16,226
The idea is that cheaper gas
556
00:57:16,226 --> 00:57:18,029
from all parts of
the former USSR
557
00:57:18,343 --> 00:57:21,347
be stocked at the border
between Russia and Ukraine,
558
00:57:21,804 --> 00:57:25,642
mixed with Russian gas, and then
sold abroad at the same price.
559
00:57:26,718 --> 00:57:29,379
The vast profits go
straight into the pockets
560
00:57:29,379 --> 00:57:31,846
of Russian and
Ukrainian oligarchs.
561
00:57:32,218 --> 00:57:33,751
and even Putin himself.
562
00:57:36,566 --> 00:57:38,643
I was on the BBC on January 3rd,
563
00:57:38,643 --> 00:57:40,998
a day before they made
an agreement in Moscow
564
00:57:41,097 --> 00:57:43,597
and Yushenko could have
done anything he wanted
565
00:57:43,597 --> 00:57:47,558
in terms of what he could have
demanded from Putin in Moscow.
566
00:57:47,558 --> 00:57:50,730
He didn’t have to go and
take in RosUkrEnergo
567
00:57:50,730 --> 00:57:53,589
because he had a very strong
position vis-à-vis Putin.
568
00:57:53,621 --> 00:57:54,747
Putin was very scared
569
00:57:54,772 --> 00:57:55,527
that on January
4th,
570
00:57:55,574 --> 00:57:57,629
there would be an EU meeting
which would denounce him.
571
00:57:58,137 --> 00:58:00,843
And instead, Yushenko went
for the corrupt option:
572
00:58:00,871 --> 00:58:01,871
RosUkraEnergo
573
00:58:01,973 --> 00:58:04,328
That gas corruption
574
00:58:04,328 --> 00:58:06,461
fed into the Party of Regions,
575
00:58:06,507 --> 00:58:08,248
fed into the Our
Ukraine faction in
576
00:58:08,273 --> 00:58:09,965
parliament, including
his bro