TIME CODED TRANSCRIPT _ MARICHIWEU COMPADRE _ ENGLISH
TIMEIN: 00:00:20:12 TIMEOUT: 00:00:22:17 subtitle
Vivianne Mackay and Werner Luchsinger
TIMEIN: 00:00:22:18 TIMEOUT: 00:00:24:02 subtitle
He is wounded.
TIMEIN: 00:00:24:03 TIMEOUT: 00:00:25:14 subtitle
Which estate, lady?
TIMEIN: 00:00:26:15 TIMEOUT: 00:00:28:18 subtitle
Lumahue
TIMEIN: 00:00:37:24 TIMEOUT: 00:00:40:02 subtitle
General Lopez, five kilometres
TIMEIN: 00:00:44:21 TIMEOUT: 00:00:56:15 screen text
Marichiweu Compadre
TIMEIN: 00:01:16:10 TIMEOUT: 00:01:48:03 voice-over
Chile awakens. We just attended an ancient ceremony of the Mapuche people. The land where the ceremonies take place has been the subject of a long-standing dispute between a community and a landowner. For many years, the Mapuche Indians have been involved in a tough struggle on various fronts. Over the centuries, they saw their territory reduced. Since ten years, this conflict is again a hot topic. We are in the south of Chile, in the heart of the Mapuche people’s territory: the region of Araucanía.
TIMEIN: 00:01:52:04 TIMEOUT: 00:01:59:13 voice-over
Iñigo and I travel together with camerawoman Evy through the region to find the truth behind this forgotten conflict. The tension is in the air.
TIMEIN: 00:02:07:14 TIMEOUT: 00:02:37:09 voice-over
At first sight, Pidima seems like any southern farm village where life is still simple, but when we pass the militarized police station of Pidima and when we read the graffiti on the walls of houses and bus stations, we notice that there is something more going on here. The region around Pidima is the current red zone in the battle of the Mapuche people for more territory. Deep in the mountains, they tell us their story of racism and repression.
TIMEIN: 00:02:44:13 TIMEOUT: 00:02:50:01 screen text
Juan Ciriaco Millacheo
Lonko
TIMEIN: 00:02:46:09 TIMEOUT: 00:02:49:19 subtitle
In the past, the land of the Mapuche people
TIMEIN: 00:02:49:20 TIMEOUT: 00:02:54:12 subtitle
was taken by the Spanish settlers.
TIMEIN: 00:02:54:13 TIMEOUT: 00:02:58:09 subtitle
They didn't buy the land from the Mapuche,
TIMEIN: 00:02:58:10 TIMEOUT: 00:02:59:24 subtitle
they took it.
TIMEIN: 00:03:00:00 TIMEOUT: 00:03:03:02 subtitle
They have to give back what they stole.
TIMEIN: 00:03:03:03 TIMEOUT: 00:03:05:09 subtitle
The rights of the Mapuche people
TIMEIN: 00:03:04:10 TIMEOUT: 00:03:06:00 subtitle
are not respected yet.
TIMEIN: 00:03:06:01 TIMEOUT: 00:03:07:13 subtitle
There is still a long way to go.
TIMEIN: 00:03:07:14 TIMEOUT: 00:03:10:13 subtitle
We were prosecuted, locked up and tortured.
TIMEIN: 00:03:10:14 TIMEOUT: 00:03:16:07 subtitle
All to make our leaders look bad
TIMEIN: 00:03:16:08 TIMEOUT: 00:03:19:00 subtitle
and to silence us.
TIMEIN: 00:03:19:01 TIMEOUT: 00:03:22:18 subtitle
The police tortures people, shoots rubber bullets
TIMEIN: 00:03:22:19 TIMEOUT: 00:03:25:15 subtitle
and throws tear gas.
TIMEIN: 00:03:25:16 TIMEOUT: 00:03:28:22 subtitle
And if they want to arrest us,
TIMEIN: 00:03:28:23 TIMEOUT: 00:03:31:05 subtitle
they just do so.
TIMEIN: 00:03:31:06 TIMEOUT: 00:03:33:14 subtitle
When we hear that these things happen,
TIMEIN: 00:03:33:15 TIMEOUT: 00:03:36:04 subtitle
we fight back.
TIMEIN: 00:03:47:23 TIMEOUT: 00:03:53:14 screen text
Claudia Necul Melinao
TIMEIN: 00:03:49:20 TIMEOUT: 00:03:52:15 subtitle
Around ten o´clock in the evening the dogs started to bark.
TIMEIN: 00:03:52:16 TIMEOUT: 00:03:54:02 subtitle
Profusely and loudly.
TIMEIN: 00:03:54:03 TIMEOUT: 00:03:55:20 subtitle
So my husband
TIMEIN: 00:03:55:21 TIMEOUT: 00:03:58:07 subtitle
went to check what was going on.
TIMEIN: 00:03:58:08 TIMEOUT: 00:04:01:03 subtitle
He came from here and suddenly
TIMEIN: 00:04:01:04 TIMEOUT: 00:04:02:13 subtitle
he was shot there.
TIMEIN: 00:04:02:14 TIMEOUT: 00:04:05:24 subtitle
I came out to see what was going on.
TIMEIN: 00:04:06:00 TIMEOUT: 00:04:07:09 subtitle
He told me that someone shot him.
TIMEIN: 00:04:08:01 TIMEOUT: 00:04:09:10 subtitle
There.
TIMEIN: 00:04:10:12 TIMEOUT: 00:04:14:16 subtitle
That's from the second bullet.
TIMEIN: 00:04:22:15 TIMEOUT: 00:04:43:23 Voice-over
Her husband Hugo Melinao is in custody at the detention centre of Angol. He is being accused of threats, setting fire to a truck and attempting to murder officers. 'A set-up', is his answer. The police took blood from him when he got hurt during the shooting at his home. According to him, this blood is now being used to falsely accuse him.
TIMEIN: 00:04:46:11 TIMEOUT: 00:04:56:09 voice-over
When we visit him together with his wife and children, we meet Mapuche from other areas. They are here to show their support to their 'peñis', their brothers, who are behind bars.
TIMEIN: 00:05:03:00 TIMEOUT: 00:05:13:03 voice-over
Hugo is not the only one in the family who is being accused in this conflict. His deceased brother was accused as well. Their father suffers a great deal.
TIMEIN: 00:05:14:050 TIMEOUT: 00:05:17:16 subtitle
The politicians who lead this country
TIMEIN: 00:05:15:10 TIMEOUT: 00:05:20:13 screen text
Hernán Melinao Millacheo
TIMEIN: 00:05:17:17 TIMEOUT: 00:05:20:16 subtitle
went to the United States and to other countries
TIMEIN: 00:05:20:17 TIMEOUT: 00:05:25:14 subtitle
to talk about the great success that Chile is.
TIMEIN: 00:05:25:15 TIMEOUT: 00:05:26:10 subtitle
But nobody knows
TIMEIN: 00:05:26:11 TIMEOUT: 00:05:28:12 subtitle
that the Mapuches are being killed
TIMEIN: 00:05:28:13 TIMEOUT: 00:05:30:10 subtitle
and tortured here.
TIMEIN: 00:05:30:24 TIMEOUT: 00:05:33:15 subtitle
In other countries they don't know
TIMEIN: 00:05:33:14 TIMEOUT: 00:05:35:09 subtitle
what's going on.
TIMEIN: 00:05:35:10 TIMEOUT: 00:05:36:12 subtitle
You don't know either.
TIMEIN: 00:05:36:13 TIMEOUT: 00:05:38:23 subtitle
A lot of countries have no idea
TIMEIN: 00:05:38:24 TIMEOUT: 00:05:42:21 subtitle
what Chile is doing underground.
TIMEIN: 00:05:42:22 TIMEOUT: 00:05:45:04 subtitle
It happens secretly.
TIMEIN: 00:05:45:05 TIMEOUT: 00:05:48:07 subtitle
This can't continue.
TIMEIN: 00:05:48:08 TIMEOUT: 00:05:50:02 subtitle
We are people as well.
TIMEIN: 00:05:50:03 TIMEOUT: 00:05:51:06 subtitle
We are Mapuches,
TIMEIN: 00:05:51:07 TIMEOUT: 00:05:52:14 subtitle
but God acknowledges
TIMEIN: 00:05:52:15 TIMEOUT: 00:05:54:06 subtitle
all languages,
TIMEIN: 00:05:54:07 TIMEOUT: 00:05:56:05 subtitle
all races,
TIMEIN: 00:05:56:06 TIMEOUT: 00:05:57:07 subtitle
all colours.
TIMEIN: 00:05:57:08 TIMEOUT: 00:05:59:11 subtitle
We are all children of God.
TIMEIN: 00:06:06:19 TIMEOUT: 00:06:08:11 subtitle
Our friends are being
TIMEIN: 00:06:08:12 TIMEOUT: 00:06:11:20 subtitle
physically and psychologically tortured
TIMEIN: 00:06:11:21 TIMEOUT: 00:06:14:04 subtitle
in this prison.
TIMEIN: 00:06:15:06 TIMEOUT: 00:06:17:16 subtitle
The rights of the Mapuche political prisoners
TIMEIN: 00:06:17:17 TIMEOUT: 00:06:19:12 subtitle
are not being respected.
TIMEIN: 00:06:29:01 TIMEOUT: 00:06:35:15 subtitle
We respond to this repression.
TIMEIN: 00:06:35:16 TIMEOUT: 00:06:41:12 subtitle
We fight back with sticks and stones.
TIMEIN: 00:06:41:13 TIMEOUT: 00:06:44:21 subtitle
The sling is a popular weapon
TIMEIN: 00:06:44:22 TIMEOUT: 00:06:49:13 subtitle
that is used to throw stones at the police.
TIMEIN: 00:06:54:16 TIMEOUT: 00:06:56:21 subtitle
About the vindication of land:
TIMEIN: 00:06:56:22 TIMEOUT: 00:06:58:10 subtitle
using the territory is for us
TIMEIN: 00:06:58:11 TIMEOUT: 00:07:01:24 subtitle
the only way to solve this problem.
TIMEIN: 00:07:02:00 TIMEOUT: 00:07:03:07 subtitle
We install ourselves.
TIMEIN: 00:07:03:08 TIMEOUT: 00:07:07:12 subtitle
Also today new residents are settling down
TIMEIN: 00:07:07:13 TIMEOUT: 00:07:09:15 subtitle
in this territory.
TIMEIN: 00:07:09:16 TIMEOUT: 00:07:11:10 subtitle
Like this we multiply our communities.
TIMEIN: 00:07:11:11 TIMEOUT: 00:07:13:10 subtitle
Tomorrow or the day after tomorrow,
TIMEIN: 00:07:13:11 TIMEOUT: 00:07:14:23 subtitle
four or five new families arrive.
TIMEIN: 00:07:14:24 TIMEOUT: 00:07:18:07 subtitle
They come here to settle down
TIMEIN: 00:07:18:08 TIMEOUT: 00:07:22:11 subtitle
in a conflict area that sooner or later,
TIMEIN: 00:07:22:12 TIMEOUT: 00:07:25:06 subtitle
they may receive legal permission to live here.
TIMEIN: 00:07:25:07 TIMEOUT: 00:07:28:00 subtitle
How do they settle here? With a house?
TIMEIN: 00:07:28:01 TIMEOUT: 00:07:33:19 subtitle
Yes, with a house. They build a house.
TIMEIN: 00:07:33:20 TIMEOUT:00:07:36:18 subtitle
And this is all from the community?
TIMEIN: 00:07:36:19 TIMEOUT: 00:07:40:01 subtitle
From the water on that side to there.
TIMEIN: 00:07:40:02 TIMEOUT: 00:07:44:08 subtitle
And from the green mountains there
TIMEIN: 00:07:44:09 TIMEOUT: 00:07:47:16 subtitle
to the west over there.
TIMEIN: 00:08:01:10 TIMEOUT: 00:08:18:06 voice-over
Off camera, they admit to using another way to occupy land as well. Every time we drive through Pidima, we see black branches, a forest fire, or smouldering wood. Forest fires are not uncommon here in the dry areas, but this? This isn't normal.
TIMEIN: 00:08:26:14 TIMEOUT: 00:08:42:07 voice-over
In the streets of Pidima we notice a house with constant police protection. Several times, the police refuses to make statements in front of the camera, so we decide to record using a hidden camera. We ask them about the nearby forest fire that has been going on for some weeks.
TIMEIN: 00:08:53:12 TIMEOUT: 00:08:57:10 subtitle
It’s from them? From the Mapuche?
TIMEIN: 00:08:57:11 TIMEOUT: 00:09:00:04 subtitle
Is that 100 % sure?
TIMEIN: 00:09:00:05 TIMEOUT: 00:09:03:08 subtitle
It is sure that it was burned by the Mapuche?
TIMEIN: 00:09:03:09 TIMEOUT: 00:09:06:03 subtitle
Almost 99% of the time
TIMEIN: 00:09:06:04 TIMEOUT: 00:09:08:05 subtitle
the forest fires are intentional.
TIMEIN: 00:09:08:06 TIMEOUT: 00:09:09:23 subtitle
Done by the Mapuches.
TIMEIN: 00:09:14:13 TIMEOUT: 00:09:17:16 subtitle
We asked the police
TIMEIN: 00:09:17:17 TIMEOUT: 00:09:20:13 subtitle
and it's also in the news.
TIMEIN: 00:09:20:14 TIMEOUT: 00:09:21:19 subtitle
They say it's the Mapuches
TIMEIN: 00:09:21:20 TIMEOUT: 00:09:23:11 subtitle
who set these forests on fire.
TIMEIN: 00:09:23:12 TIMEOUT: 00:09:27:17 subtitle
Lies! They make that up.
TIMEIN: 00:09:27:18 TIMEOUT: 00:09:31:03 subtitle
Lies. That's not true.
TIMEIN: 00:09:44:06 TIMEOUT: 00:09:56:01 voice-over
The house that's under police protection continues to intrigue us. We were told that the owner was not home when we were there, but we really need to talk to him. We tried different ways to contact him, but without success.
TIMEIN: 00:10:00:10 TIMEOUT: 00: 10:23:17 voice-over
A couple of days later and 100 kilometres more to the south, in Temuco, we have an appointment with lawyer Juan De Dios Fuentes. During our first conversation he mentioned his second home in Pidima. We found the owner! By coincidence. Apparently he was home when we passed by, but he didn't trust us so he went to the stable to prepare his shotgun. Surely, there is more going on in Pidima...
TIMEIN: 00:10:37:00 TIMEOUT: 00:10:43:00 screen text
Juan De Dios Fuentes Vega
Large
TIMEIN: 00:10:39:15 TIMEOUT: 00:10:43:16 subtitle
Europeans probably think we are racists,
TIMEIN: 00:10:43:17 TIMEOUT: 00:10:47:06 subtitle
that we even have torture chambers,
TIMEIN: 00:10:46:17 TIMEOUT: 00:10:48:18 subtitle
that the Mapuche are the poor and oppressed
TIMEIN: 00:10:48:18 TIMEOUT: 00:10:49:19 subtitle
and that we stole their land.
TIMEIN: 00:10:49:20 TIMEOUT: 00:10:52:04 subtitle
But that's not what is going on here in Chile.
TIMEIN: 00:10:52:05 TIMEOUT: 00:10:54:00 subtitle
The state
TIMEIN: 00:10:54:01 TIMEOUT: 00:10:56:00 subtitle
once took the Araucanía region,
TIMEIN: 00:10:56:02 TIMEOUT: 00:10:57:07 subtitle
but that isn't our fault.
TIMEIN: 00:10:57:08 TIMEOUT: 00:11:00:18 subtitle
That happened in the past.
TIMEIN: 00:11:00:19 TIMEOUT: 00:11:07:02 subtitle
Our ancestors were invited to live here.
TIMEIN: 00:11:07:03 TIMEOUT: 00:11:08:19 subtitle
If they came here to work,
TIMEIN: 00:11:08:20 TIMEOUT: 00:11:12:01 subtitle
they were given the land as property
TIMEIN: 00:11:12:02 TIMEOUT: 00:11:14:16 subtitle
and the right to live here in peace.
TIMEIN: 00:11:14:17 TIMEOUT: 00:11:15:17 subtitle
That's what we did.
TIMEIN: 00:11:15:18 TIMEOUT: 00:11:18:03 subtitle
We didn't steal from anyone.
TIMEIN: 00:11:21:05 TIMEOUT: 00:11:31:07 voice-over
Juan De Dios Fuentes has 24/7 police protection for both of his houses. More than that, he is in constant contact with the police via radio. A necessity.
TIMEIN: 00:11:33:18 TIMEOUT: 00:11:34:22 subtitle
Eleven years ago
TIMEIN: 00:11:34:23 TIMEOUT: 00:11:38:20 subtitle
a group of 60 people appeared.
TIMEIN: 00:11:38:21 TIMEOUT: 00:11:40:18 subtitle
They were members of the
TIMEIN: 00:11:40:19 TIMEOUT: 00:11:42:04 subtitle
Wente Winkul Mapu community,
TIMEIN: 00:11:42:05 TIMEOUT: 00:11:44:12 subtitle
and were led by a guy called Melinao.
TIMEIN: 00:11:44:13 TIMEOUT: 00:11:45:23 subtitle
They gave us a letter
TIMEIN: 00:11:45:24 TIMEOUT: 00:11:46:18 subtitle
which said that we had
TIMEIN: 00:11:46:19 TIMEOUT: 00:11:49:16 subtitle
48 hours to abandon our property.
TIMEIN: 00:11:49:17 TIMEOUT: 00:11:50:13 subtitle
We asked why.
TIMEIN: 00:11:50:14 TIMEOUT: 00:11:51:20 subtitle
It was because they claimed
TIMEIN: 00:11:51:21 TIMEOUT: 00:11:53:10 subtitle
their territory back.
TIMEIN: 00:11:53:11 TIMEOUT: 00:11:55:18 subtitle
And if we didn't leave within the next 48 hours,
TIMEIN: 00:11:55:19 TIMEOUT: 00:11:58:03 subtitle
hostilities would start.
TIMEIN: 00:11:58:04 TIMEOUT: 00:12:00:04 subtitle
We didn't respond to their request
TIMEIN: 00:12:00:05 TIMEOUT: 00:12:03:16 subtitle
so indeed, hostilities started.
TIMEIN: 00:12:03:17 TIMEOUT: 00:12:05:13 subtitle
They attacked us the next day.
TIMEIN: 00:12:05:14 TIMEOUT: 00:12:07:12 subtitle
It was very violent.
TIMEIN: 00:12:07:13 TIMEOUT: 00:12:09:18 subtitle
Armed men entered the farm,
TIMEIN: 00:12:09:19 TIMEOUT: 00:12:12:06 subtitle
shooting and killing our animals.
TIMEIN: 00:12:12:07 TIMEOUT: 00:12:15:07 subtitle
They also set our machines
TIMEIN: 00:12:15:08 TIMEOUT: 00:12:18:02 subtitle
and land on fire.
TIMEIN: 00:12:18:03 TIMEOUT: 00:12:20:01 subtitle
In 10 years time,
TIMEIN: 00:12:20:02 TIMEOUT: 00:12:21:23 subtitle
this happened more than 200 times.
TIMEIN: 00:12:21:24 TIMEOUT: 00:12:23:17 subtitle
Attacks like these have been
TIMEIN: 00:12:23:18 TIMEOUT: 00:12:26:21 subtitle
carried out many times already.
TIMEIN: 00:12:26:22 TIMEOUT: 00:12:29:05 subtitle
Because they hope we get tired of it
TIMEIN: 00:12:29:06 TIMEOUT: 00:12:31:03 subtitle
and abandon our territory.
TIMEIN: 00:12:32:22 TIMEOUT: 00:12:33:23 subtitle
Someone there is going to shoot!
TIMEIN: 00:12:35:03 TIMEOUT: 00:12:36:11 subtitle
The law wrongly says
TIMEIN: 00:12:36:12 TIMEOUT: 00:12:38:09 subtitle
that if there's a conflict
TIMEIN: 00:12:38:10 TIMEOUT: 00:12:40:09 subtitle
concerning a piece of land,
TIMEIN: 00:12:40:10 TIMEOUT: 00:12:44:12 subtitle
the state buys it and gives it to the communities.
TIMEIN: 00:12:44:13 TIMEOUT: 00:12:46:23 subtitle
The system was created in a simple way.
TIMEIN: 00:12:46:24 TIMEOUT: 00:12:49:06 subtitle
But what if the owner
TIMEIN: 00:12:49:07 TIMEOUT: 00:12:52:09 subtitle
doesn't want to sell his property?
TIMEIN: 00:12:52:10 TIMEOUT: 00:12:55:15 subtitle
Then the state can't buy it.
TIMEIN: 00:12:55:16 TIMEOUT: 00:12:59:13 subtitle
So then the Mapuche use violence
TIMEIN: 00:12:59:14 TIMEOUT: 00:13:01:11 subtitle
to obligate us to sell and leave.
TIMEIN: 00:13:01:12 TIMEOUT: 00:13:03:08 subtitle
That's how it went with all the properties
TIMEIN: 00:13:03:09 TIMEOUT: 00:13:05:20 subtitle
that were sold to the government.
TIMEIN: 00:13:05:21 TIMEOUT: 00:13:08:11 subtitle
Therefore violence is a very good way
TIMEIN: 00:13:08:12 TIMEOUT: 00:13:11:10 subtitle
of doing business for the Mapuche people.
TIMEIN: 00:13:11:11 TIMEOUT: 00:13:13:07 subtitle
Because that's how they get land
TIMEIN: 00:13:13:08 TIMEOUT: 00:13:17:02 subtitle
that they otherwise wouldn't get.
TIMEIN: 00:13:17:03 TIMEOUT: 00:13:19:22 subtitle
That's the origin of the conflict and the violence.
TIMEIN: 00:13:23:02 TIMEOUT: 00:13:26:10 subtitle
Five people entered my land
TIMEIN: 00:13:26:11 TIMEOUT: 00:13:28:19 subtitle
and stole seven of my horses.
TIMEIN: 00:13:28:20 TIMEOUT: 00:13:31:18 subtitle
One of the horses was Recontento.
TIMEIN: 00:13:31:19 TIMEOUT: 00:13:33:17 subtitle
We searched for him for several months
TIMEIN: 00:13:33:18 TIMEOUT: 00:13:35:13 subtitle
but without result.
TIMEIN: 00:13:35:14 TIMEOUT: 00:13:40:03 subtitle
Four months and a half later,
TIMEIN: 00:13:40:04 TIMEOUT: 00:13:41:19 subtitle
at seven o´clock in the morning,
TIMEIN: 00:13:41:21 TIMEOUT: 00:13:43:11 subtitle
he stood in front of the gate.
TIMEIN: 00:13:43:12 TIMEOUT: 00:13:45:18 subtitle
He was very thin
TIMEIN: 00:13:45:19 TIMEOUT: 00:13:46:24 subtitle
and had been tortured.
TIMEIN: 00:13:47:00 TIMEOUT: 00:13:51:24 subtitle
He had scars on his nose, tongue and ears.
TIMEIN: 00:13:52:00 TIMEOUT: 00:13:54:11 subtitle
He also had a fracture in his back
TIMEIN: 00:13:55:12 TIMEOUT: 00:13:55:23 subtitle
and he weighed only half
TIMEIN: 00:13:55:24 TIMEOUT: 00:13:57:14 subtitle
of what he weighs now.
TIMEIN: 00:14:09:07 TIMEOUT: 00:14:12:03 subtitle
We were attacked by at least fifty people.
TIMEIN: 00:14:12:04 TIMEOUT: 00:14:16:08 subtitle
They shot at our car from a distance
TIMEIN: 00:14:16:09 TIMEOUT: 00:14:18:03 subtitle
while one of my daughters was getting in.
TIMEIN: 00:14:19:19 TIMEOUT: 00:14:24:04 subtitle
A year before that attack,
TIMEIN: 00:14:24:05 TIMEOUT: 00:14:27:07 subtitle
they shot at our house.
TIMEIN: 00:14:27:08 TIMEOUT: 00:14:29:01 subtitle
You can see the impact
TIMEIN: 00:14:29:02 TIMEOUT: 00:14:32:07 subtitle
of a large-calibre bullet that broke the window
TIMEIN: 00:14:32:08 TIMEOUT: 00:14:34:01 subtitle
and went out through the side wall.
TIMEIN: 00:14:34:02 TIMEOUT: 00:14:38:08 subtitle
The police told us the bullet
TIMEIN: 00:14:38:09 TIMEOUT: 00:14:40:03 subtitle
was fired from an M16.
TIMEIN: 00:14:40:04 TIMEOUT: 00:14:42:16 subtitle
The weapon must have had a scope
TIMEIN: 00:14:42:17 TIMEOUT: 00:14:47:04 subtitle
since my mom was standing here.
TIMEIN: 00:14:47:05 TIMEOUT: 00:14:51:12 subtitle
The bullet came out here, you can see the hole.
TIMEIN: 00:14:54:20 TIMEOUT: 00:15:00:07 screen text
Héctor Espinoza
Farmer
TIMEIN: 00:14:57:10 TIMEOUT: 00:14:58:16 subtitle
A group of Mapuche people
TIMEIN: 00:14:58:17 TIMEOUT: 00:15:00:22 subtitle
passed by all the land owners.
TIMEIN: 00:15:00:23 TIMEOUT: 00:15:05:22 subtitle
They said very calmly that we had to
TIMEIN: 00:15:05:23 TIMEOUT: 00:15:07:19 subtitle
leave our land
TIMEIN: 00:15:07:20 TIMEOUT: 00:15:12:02 subtitle
because it was Mapuche territory.
TIMEIN: 00:15:12:03 TIMEOUT: 00:15:15:07 subtitle
Some time passed,
TIMEIN: 00:15:15:08 TIMEOUT: 00:15:17:05 subtitle
we almost forgot about it.
TIMEIN: 00:15:17:06 TIMEOUT: 00:15:20:11 subtitle
But then thefts started to occur
TIMEIN: 00:15:20:12 TIMEOUT: 00:15:23:08 subtitle
and our fields were set on fire.
TIMEIN: 00:15:23:09 TIMEOUT: 00:15:27:23 subtitle
There were armed attacks and killings.
TIMEIN: 00:15:27:24 TIMEOUT: 00:15:32:06 subtitle
We didn't have a choice,
TIMEIN: 00:15:32:07 TIMEOUT: 00:15:34:24 subtitle
we had to abandon our land.
TIMEIN: 00:15:38:24 TIMEOUT: 00:15:40:13 subtitle
Human rights organizations say
TIMEIN: 00:15:40:14 TIMEOUT: 00:15:43:15 subtitle
that it isn't terrorism.
TIMEIN: 00:15:43:16 TIMEOUT: 00:15:46:01 subtitle
I ask you: entering a house,
TIMEIN: 00:15:46:02 TIMEOUT: 00:15:48:04 subtitle
tying down the owner,
TIMEIN: 00:15:48:05 TIMEOUT: 00:15:52:09 subtitle
abusing a woman of 89 years old,
TIMEIN: 00:15:52:10 TIMEOUT: 00:15:57:01 subtitle
throwing her on the floor
TIMEIN: 00:15:57:02 TIMEOUT: 00:15:59:08 subtitle
and threatening to set the house on fire
TIMEIN: 00:15:59:09 TIMEOUT: 00:16:01:18 subtitle
is not terrorism?
TIMEIN: 00:16:01:19 TIMEOUT: 00:16:03:00 subtitle
Then what is terrorism?
TIMEIN: 00:16:03:20 TIMEOUT: 00:16:04:21 subtitle
So there is indeed terrorism
TIMEIN: 00:16:04:22 TIMEOUT: 00:16:06:23 subtitle
here in the Araucanía?
TIMEIN: 00:16:06:24 TIMEOUT: 00:16:08:11 subtitle
There is terrorism in the Araucanía!
TIMEIN: 00:16:08:12 TIMEOUT: 00:16:11:22 subtitle
I saw it, as did 500 other families.
TIMEIN: 00:16:11:23 TIMEOUT: 00:16:13:06 subtitle
Stupid police.
TIMEIN: 00:16:13:07 TIMEOUT: 00:16:14:22 subtitle
She's holding a baby!
TIMEIN: 00:16:16:21 TIMEOUT: 00:16:49:10 voice-over
But is it terrorism when the attacks are coming from both sides? The Mapuche people have been discriminated against for centuries. They still live in poverty, their communities underwent several raids and they still aren't represented politically. The repression increased during recent years when the authorities implemented their so-called 'Counterterrorism Law'. Chile was rapped over the knuckles for this. Furthermore, it's only a small, more radical group of Mapuche that uses violence.
TIMEIN: 00:16:52:12 TIMEOUT: 00:17:11:09 voice-over
There are deaths on both sides. First, a police officer kills Mapuche student Matías Catrileo and in retaliation, five years later, the Luchsinger-Mackay landowner couple dies in a fire. The spiral of violence commences. To find a way back is proving more and more impossible.
TIMEIN: 00:17:12:03 TIMEOUT: 00:17:14:23 subtitle
It was the Lleupeco community in Vilcún
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Catalina Catrileo Quezada
Sister of Matías Catrileo
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that made demands for the return of the land
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where Jorge Luchsinger was living.
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He is a land owner
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from that area close to Temuco.
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This was the situation at the time
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when some Mapuches entered the territory.
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They set hay on fire, waved their banner,
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and played their instruments.
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And then the police arrived
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because Luchsinger was
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under constant police protection.
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The police started shooting at the group
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so the guys retreated,
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but they were being shot at with an Uzi,
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which is a war gun.
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An officer confessed he used it
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to shoot directly at the group of people.
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The bullet pierced Matías' lung
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and wounded him mortally.
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There was a big investigation and a trial.
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We could prove that Matías
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didn't carry a gun at that moment
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and that he was shot in his back.
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Can you tell me what happened here?
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This house was set on fire
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during an attack by masked men.
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This was the house of my uncle and aunt,
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Werner Luchsinger and Vivianne Mackay,
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who died during the attack.
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Ewald Luchsinger Pauly
Nephew of Luchsinger-Mackay
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There was a shooting.
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A group of men were armed and masked.
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There were more or less 15 of them.
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My uncle and aunt were around over 75 years old.
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They had mobility problems.
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Around 7 o´clock in the morning,
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their bodies were found in the same place
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we are standing right now.
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They passed away because of combustion,
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not because of suffocation.
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Outside we found pamphlets that mentioned
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the death of Matías Catrileo
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and their territorial demands.
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I recognize that the Chilean state
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has a debt towards the Mapuche people.
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For sure.
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Based on what I have read about it,
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I guess they have their reasons.
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But they don't have the right
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to make people pay
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who have nothing to do with the state.
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If the Mapuche people have a problem,
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it's with the state.
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It is a political problem.
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No doubt that this is a political problem.
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It´s not a new conflict,
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and it´s just the tip of the iceberg.
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This has been going on for years now.
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And not one government
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has dared to fix the problem.
TIMEIN: 00:20:30:05 TIMEOUT: 00:20:44:12 voice-over
Everyone we talk to shares this opinion. The Chilean government hasn't done anything to stop this conflict for a long time now. It's easy to ignore the south in a country that's as vast, as centralized as Chile.
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Until today, this conflict
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Francisco Huenchumilla
Governer at that time
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Has been seen as a poverty problem.
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Also as a problem of security.
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The Chilean society didn´t understand
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that this is actually
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a political problem.
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This fact has to get through to society,
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political parties, companies, universities.
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And that's a process.
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President Bachelet is developing a program
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concerning public governance in Chile.
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But I think this country will still require
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a lot of time and effort before
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it can grasp the true nature of this problem.
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All states have several nations,
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but here in Chile people still think
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that there are only Chileans.
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The constitution must recognize
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that Chile is a plurinational state.
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Over the coming months, the government
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will announce
TIMEIN: 00:21:58:21 TIMEOUT: 00:22:04:14 screen text
Fuad Chahin
Member of Parliament
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that there will be a constitutional reform
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that will guarantee seats in the parliament
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for indigenous people.
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A quota per nation will assure them a seat.
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There are two different stages.
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First, change the electoral system
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and when this is done,
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there will be an agreement
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to which the government commits.
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The government promised to start a new project
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that guarantees the participation
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of indigenous people in politics.
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Because during the debate
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about changing the electoral system,
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the necessity of having a quota
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for indigenous people
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and giving them a seat came up.
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People used to be shocked
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when trucks were set on fire.
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Now they are shocked when a murder occurs.
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But they bury the dead person and that's it…
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What is for you the solution to this conflict?
TIMEIN: 00:23:37:01 TIMEOUT: 00:23:37:13 subtitle
Damn.
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Well, You can cut this out afterwards
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because I have to think about this question.
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What I would like to make clear is that
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the social movement of the Mapuches
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has a political structure now.
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So I don't think someone
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will say that the case is closed.
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No, it will go on.
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That they give our land back.
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We won't go anywhere.
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We are staying here in the countryside,
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on our property.
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And we won't give it to anyone.
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Marichiweu! (Ten times over we will win.)