Clip
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SYNC
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Hospital
day
01:00:10:01
VO
01:00:32:04
Opening Music:
ANW1017_27_Oxygen-3
Composers/Performers: Terry Devine-King, Audio Network
|
On one day, every year,
health workers in the Philippines take a little time out. It’s an opportunity
to let their hair down to mark their
achievements.
But not everyone is
taking part. There’s one disease that gives no respite.
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01:00:39:02
Dr
Capeding
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It’s a major
public health concern. It’s one of the most common causes of hospitalisations
in the country. A lot of children are suffering.
You really don’t know if
you will go or she or he will die from the disease.
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01:00:54:18
Girl
in hospital (subtitles)
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I’ve been nauseous and vomiting a lot.
My stomach aches and I can’t stand up
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01:01:02:01
VO
GVs
Lagos, India, Miami
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There’s no cure and until
recently no vaccine. The disease is spreading. Rapidly. For developing
economies, it’s a huge burden. And for the rich – the door is open. Now half
of the world’s population is at risk.
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01:01:21:20
Marty
Baum
|
I was
convulsing with shivers and shakes… I was cold, I was hot, I was wrapped up
in blankets… It was actually quite frightening.
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01:01:31:04
VO
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A vaccine is urgently
needed. Millions are living in fear.
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01:01:37:21
Dr Capeding
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If you ask
parents or even doctors they will tell you it’s one of the most feared
disease, it’s dengue.
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01:01:45:02
Various
contributors
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Dengue.
Dengue.
Dengue.
Dengue.
Dengue.
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01:01:48:02
Titles
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Dengue
The Hunt For A Vaccine
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01:01:54:17
Music:
ANW2283_06_Tell-A-Story
Composers/Performers: Alex Arcoleo, Audio Network
01:01:56:14
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For decades, scientists
across the world have been racing to find a vaccine for dengue fever.
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01:02:03:14
Dr
Stephen Whitehead
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In the
community where I live, lots of people ask me what I work on, I say I work on
a vaccine for dengue virus. And they’re like what is dengue virus? They
haven’t heard of it.
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01:02:13:05
VO
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But this devastating
disease is on the rise. And with every day that passes, more and more of us
are going to become familiar with it.
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01:02:21:21
City
GVs
Dr
Remy Teyssou
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In
the 70’s only nine countries in the world declared outbreaks, dengue
outbreaks. Now more than 120 countries declare dengue outbreaks. To show you
the spread of the disease around the world.
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01:02:39:03
VO
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The World Health
Organisation has set an aim to halve the number of dengue deaths by 2020. In
the last fifty years, there’s been a thirty-fold increase in infections. A
vaccine could help meet that goal. But the search has been painfully slow.
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01:03:00:10
Jean
Lang
01:03:13:07
Music: ANW1053_05_Embers
Composers/Performers: Evelyn Glennie, Audio Network
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After fifty years of sustaining dengue vaccine
development, we still have no vaccine, no treatment for a disease that
affects nearly four hundred million of person around the world and from every
ages from infants to adults.
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01:03:24:22
VO
Family
& photo album
|
Finally scientists have
an answer. But still, the number of dengue victims just keeps going up.
More and more families
are left grieving the loss of a loved one.
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01:03:38:03
Angelita, Irento &
Christian Javier
Angelita
(subtitles)
San
Pablo, Philippines
Photos
|
We took my eldest son to stay
with my mother in law…
…because his grandmother had passed away
The children were there for eight days,
playing in the river
Then one afternoon he came down with a fever
So I took him to the doctor for a check up
That night he couldn’t sleep
so we took him to the hospital
He was in the hospital for two days,
then he died
Dengue
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01:04:23:18
Angelita
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He was such a nice boy
And he was only with us for such a short time
It all happened so quickly
It’s hard to accept what happened
At 6.00pm he fell into a coma…
… and then by 6.00am he was dead
Such a waste
He was such a nice child
My boy
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01:04:56:23
Music:
ANW2343_91_Changing-Patterns-3
Composers/Performers: Jerome Alexander, Audio Network
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01:04:59:05
VO
Baguio rain
GVs
Jakarta rain
GVs
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Unfortunately, the
experience of Angelita and her family is far from isolated. With nearly 400 million infections every
year, as many as 100 million people worldwide get symptoms of dengue.
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01:05:21:12
Female Dengue
victim (subtitles)
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My head was pounding, I had severe pain
behind the eyes and I felt dizzy.
I heard everyone talking about Dengue.
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01:05:31:17
Second female
dengue patient (subtitles)
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I think it was the worst illness I’d ever had.
I’ve never felt so much pain,
felt so tired or so weak.
I’ve never experienced anything like it.
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01:05:43:11
VO
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Children stay at home.
Adults can’t go to work – family income is lost. Half a million get the
severe kind of the disease that can be fatal.
And it’s in the rainy
season when things are worst.
At this time, right
across the tropical world, hospitals are overwhelmed with cases of this
debilitating disease.
In many places, dengue is
the leading cause of hospitalisation.
For paediatrician Dr Ruth
Tugawin, dengue provides the bulk of her workload.
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01:06:35:19
Dr Ruth
Tugawin
Baguio General Hospital, Philippines
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For the
department of paediatrics we have a lot of cases, admitted cases of dengue
for this month and most of the hallways are occupied with dengue patients.
Since the
rainy season, dengue it boom.
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01:07:00:22
Dr Alexei Marrero
Dept. of
Health, Philippines
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About 180 - 250,000 cases
of dengue occur here in the Philippines so that’s a lot…. and out of this
about 500 or more are dying because of dengue.
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01:07:17:03
Dr Ferdinand Guzman
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Actually when
the rains come it’s the number one disease. It’s the number one problem of
the government of the department of health.
Nose-bleeding, vomiting,
abdominal pain – these are severe signs of dengue, so they have to be
admitted.
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01:07:37:09
VO
Patient
GVs
|
Sometimes
these wards are three to a bed with dengue cases.
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01:07:43:11
Mother
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My son is vomiting and vomiting, vomiting blood, nosebleed. I’m so scared because he’s my son and then he’s
crying and cry.
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01:08:00:07
VO
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In the most severe cases,
the patient goes into shock with internal bleeding. Fast medical attention is
then critical.
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01:08:10:11
Dr Ruth
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The worst thing that can
happen with dengue is they can bleed to death. They’ll be in irreversible
shock. That’s when dengue’s so severe, that we cannot manage, we cannot, even
though we give full support the patient might die.
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01:08:28:08
Woman
lying on bed with child (subtitles)
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People are dying from dengue
We’re all really scared of it
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01:08:37:15
Dr
Stephen Whitehead
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I’ve
travelled to areas in Vietnam, in Thailand, in India, where I see hospitals
that are full of young children who have dengue fever.
I’ve seen a
lot of people coming in every day for treatment. It’s heartbreaking.
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01:08:56:00
Dr Remy Teyssou
Partnership
for Dengue Control
Lagos GVs
|
For
dengue there is of course a human impact, which is hugely important. But
there is also an economic impact, which is important as well.
And
when you have an outbreak of dengue in a city for example in a big city,
everything stops.
Economy,
public health structures collapsed, because of the number of patients, and
the economic impact of such outbreaks are very, very important, especially in
emerging and developing countries.
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01:09:32:13
Beggar
01:09:45:14
Music:
ANW1227_32_The-Lab-2
Composers/Performers: Igor Dvorkin / Duncan Pittock, Audio
Network
Mosquito
CUs
Water
GVs
|
The cost of dengue
globally to healthcare systems is almost $9 billion, which is a huge burden
for developing countries.
And it’s Asia, and Latin
America that are seeing the biggest outbreaks.
Like malaria, dengue is a
mosquito-borne infectious disease. But the dengue mosquito – Aedes aegypti –
bites in the daytime, making prevention more difficult. It thrives in wet,
tropical regions and breeds in stagnant water, feeding off people as a source
of blood.
Without a cure or
vaccine, people have been suffering from dengue for decades – natives and
visitors alike.
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01:10:27:02
Medicine in Action:
Breakbone Fever Dengue (archive)
|
Casualties, victims of
attack. The enemy: dengue fever.
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01:10:45:05
VO
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It
was when American troops started falling ill in the Second World War that
efforts to develop a vaccine started.
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01:10:53:02
Archive
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Carried by the female
Aedus mosquito. Striking down large groups of men with blasting violence. Ten
dengue casualties for every combat injury.
A few at first then more,
then still more. Long lines of them. Out of action when we needed them most,
with success or failure of our mission in doubt as a result.
|
01:11:16:10
VO
01:11:23:04
Music:
ANW2343_143_Passing-Eyes-3, Composers/Performers: Jerome Alexander,
Audio Network
WHO
archive
|
In the seventy years
since, vaccines for other infectious diseases have made a huge impact across
the world.
Small pox has been
eradicated, polio largely wiped out. Huge advances have been made against
measles.
But year after year,
dengue continued to outwit the best scientists.
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01:11:44:16
Dr Whitehead
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The field has
spent forty, fifty years trying to develop a vaccine
to dengue.
There has been some small successes, there has been some small failures. We
finally can accomplish this goal, it will be a scientific breakthrough.
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01:12:01:04
VO
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The scientists here at
the National Institutes of Health in Washington DC think that they have made
significant inroads.
It’s been years in the
making, but now their vaccine is being tested in volunteers.
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01:12:17:18
Dr
Anna Durbin
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We are currently
conducting early phase vaccine trials for the prevention of dengue, either,
first in human trial, so the first time a vaccine has been given to humans,
or early evaluation looking primarily at the safety of a vaccine, so what
kind of side effects does the vaccine cause in people.
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01:12:36:19
VO
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The trials for this
vaccine are small, involving about twenty to fifty people. The idea is that
they should give early signs of whether or not a vaccine is safe to use on
humans and whether or not the results look promising enough for a bigger
trial in an endemic country.
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01:12:56:05
Music:
ANW1780_26_Her-Heart-Growls-2, Composers/Performers: Paul Ressel,
Audio Network
Lyon
GVs
Sanofi
GVs
|
Around the world, other
teams of scientists have also been battling to find a working vaccine – using
different approaches to tackle the complex disease.
The city of Lyon in
France is home to one of the world’s largest vaccine producers - the
pharmaceutical company, Sanofi Pasteur.
Experts here have spent decades working on a
vaccine for dengue.
Jean Lang a director of
research has dedicated his professional life to it.
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01:13:36:11
Jean Lang
Sanofi
Pasteur
01:13:57:14
Music:
ANW2014_02_Mystery-Train, Composers/Performers: David O'Brien, Audio
Network
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We are here to make an impact on people and really that is what drives me and the team
because, you know, we are hundreds of people working along this twenty two
years on that.
That’s been long and we really keep this resilience
with the team, so that we keep our objective in mind that we wanted to bring
this vaccine to population.
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01:14:03:14
VO
|
But why has finding a vaccine for
dengue been such an immense challenge?
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01:14:08:17
Dr Whitehead
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A vaccine for
dengue has been a very hard nut to crack. Mostly because you need to make
four vaccines because there are four different types of dengue. You can’t
just make a vaccine for dengue 1, dengue 2, dengue 3, or dengue 4, it’s got
to be a four in one vaccine.
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01:14:25:22
Jean Lang
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You
have to develop basically a four combination vaccine from the start, because
all four dengue viruses are responsible for dengue epidemics and even the
severe form of the disease that could lead to hospitalisation and death.
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01:14:43:19
Anna CU
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To find a
vaccine against one virus can take ten years, we are trying to find a vaccine
against four viruses, and then we are trying to have those
four individual vaccines be put together into one vaccine and still work as
well.
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01:14:59:17
VO
AP
archive
|
As scientists struggled
to outwit the virus dengue has continued to spread.
From Asia, through
Africa…
Now it’s exploded in
Latin America.
An epidemic in Brazil in
2015 led to at least one and a half million people coming down with dengue.
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01:15:20:05
Dr Enrique Rivas
Sanofi
Pasteur
(subtitles)
AP
archive
|
Dengue in Latin America is a very
Important public health issue
because in recent years it has erupted
not only for the number of cases
but the number of severe cases
of the disease.
In the last 20 years, there has been a
dramatic increase in cases
that require hospitalisation, in important
outbreaks in cities in Brazil,
Mexico, Colombia, Honduras
now constitutes a major public health problem.
|
01:16:04:04
|
Dengue patients of all
ages need constant monitoring, saline drips, blood tests and possibly blood
transfusions.
|
01:16:15:16
Dr
Guzman
01:16:27:01
Music:
ANW2014_02_Mystery-Train, Composers/Performers: David O'Brien, Audio
Network
|
It will really make a big
difference if there’s a vaccine available, because these patients would not
be here in the first place,
and of course, if a
vaccine is available, less burden on the families.
|
01:16:31:19
VO
|
Without
a vaccine the patients have kept coming. And unlike with other infectious
diseases, having had the illness once is no guarantee you won’t find yourself
back in hospital with an even worse infection.
|
01:16:47:14
Dr Jeremy Farrar
Wellcome
Trust
|
With any infectious diseases, we have a degree of protection
afterwards, so we don’t get disease again and we are protected. In dengue
after your first infection, which in many countries is as a child, you then
get a second infection a few years later, and that second infection is more
severe. That’s very unusual and it’s specific to dengue.
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01:17:08:16
Anna
Durbin
01:17:26:13
Sanofi
animation
|
It’s really a very, very
interesting virus.
When you are infected
with dengue, dengue one, you make antibodies to that dengue one virus. Those
antibodies can kill the dengue one virus, but if you’re then infected with a
dengue 2, or a dengue 3, or a dengue 4 virus, those antibodies sort of
recognize that virus as part of the dengue family, but they can’t kill the
virus.
|
01:17:37:13
VO
|
In any potential vaccine
for dengue, the strains compete, with one tending to become dominant. So
getting the balance right is extraordinarily hard.
|
01:17:48:13
Anna
Durbin
|
Dengue is really unique
in that, and it makes it very interesting to study, but also very challenging
for vaccine development.
|
01:17:58:17
Music:
ANW2343_91_Changing-Patterns-3
Composers/Performers: Jerome Alexander, Audio Network
01:18:02:12
|
In the meantime, the
problem is intensifying. Because of climate change, in many areas of the
tropics – Indonesia, for example - the dengue season is getting longer and
longer.
|
01:18:18:00
Budi Haryanto
University of Indonesia
(subtitles)
|
In the past it usually happened
during the rainy season
Around November, December, January
and at the latest March
That was twenty years ago
Now it has all changed,
and it is very much related to
the changing climate.
The rainy season lasts virtually
throughout the year.
|
01:18:45:14
Music:
ANW2343_91_Changing-Patterns-3
Composers/Performers: Jerome Alexander, Audio Network
01:18:57:13
VO
|
And more rain means more
breeding places for the mosquitoes.
|
01:19:02:19
Dr Jaime Montoya
Manila, Philippines
|
Well just
this morning we had a thunderstorm, so we had a flash flood, but it’s the
remaining water that takes some time to disappear and maybe, maybe can also
be a breeding ground for mosquitoes.
Especially if
it stays long in an area, it doesn’t move, it’s still and it’s clean –
relatively clean – because these are the areas the breeding spots that the
particular vector for dengue loves to breed. This particular water – clean,
stagnant.
|
01:19:39:05
VO
Manila
GVs
Water
GVs
City
GVs
|
In urban areas there is
plenty of stagnant water. Every
puddle, every flowerpot, every barrel and paint pot is a potential breeding
ground for the dengue mosquito.
So the growing cities of
the developing world are like a magnet to them and from there it spreads –
thanks to us.
|
01:20:04:24
Dr
Farrar
|
I think it’s a classic disease of the 21st century. It’s driven
by a mosquito that loves living in big cities, where lots of people are
congregated in a small space. Environmental changes is undoubtedly having an
impact on where the mosquito lives, and the disease is spreading, through
travel, through migration, and urbanization.
|
01:20:26:00
Dr
Alexei
|
If I have the dengue,
maybe I have a low-grade fever, I still feel well, for example, but the
dengue infection is in me. I’m infected. So I go around and the mosquitoes in
that area will bite me and they can thus transmit the disease to other people
in that area. So I’m the one that’s spreading it actually.
It’s easier nowadays to
travel from one place to another and if you’re infected of dengue that you
don’t know you’ll be spreading the disease to other places that you go to.
|
01:21:05:10
VO
City
GVs
|
Without a vaccine, dengue
has been free to spread. Anywhere that is home to the aedus aegyptai mosquito
is at risk. And with climate change, the mosquito is at home in an
ever-increasing area of the world.
And this means it’s no
longer just a tropical disease. More and more of us are going to become
familiar with the diagnosis – dengue fever.
|
01:21:37:24
Music:
ANW2081_01_Duck-Call
Composers/Performers: Lincoln Grounds/Thomm Jutz, Audio Network
01:21:45:08
Miami
GVs
Marty
pics
|
Here in American state of Florida life is far removed
from the megacities of the developing world.
For three years, Marty
Baum has worked as keeper of the Indian river. More than most, he’s familiar
with mosquitoes in the area. But they’ve never been anything but harmless.
Until now.
|
01:22:12:02
Capt.
Marty Baum
|
Well my wife
and I had recorded a Miami dolphin football game, and we propped up in bed,
we were going to watch it, and at 9 o’clock I was perfectly fine. By 10
o’clock I had 102 fever, 102.5, and I was convulsing with shivers and shakes,
and I looked just like one of those WW2 malaria, yellow fever movies. I was
sweating, I was cold, I was hot,
I was wrapped
up in blankets, my wife was wrapped around me. It was actually quite
frightening given that there was no – there was no clue as to why I was sick.
|
01:22:48:03
Music:
ANW2061_01_West-Of-Texas
Composers/Performers: Lincoln Grounds/Thomm Jutz, Audio Network
01:22:51:03
VO
|
This was
something quite new for Marty. He had never experienced anything like it
before.
|
01:23:00:13
Marty
Baum
|
Usually you
have a twinge when you are getting the flu; an ache, a gland, something tells
you you are about to get it, but there was none of that. So to be caught cold
like that, and to have a fever jump so high out of nowhere, was kind of
frightening. I told her; if it gets any higher than this, take me to the
hospital. It was a long night.
|
01:23:18:09
Music:
ANW2061_01_West-Of-Texas
Composers/Performers: Lincoln Grounds/Thomm Jutz, Audio Network
01:23:18:22
VO
|
When the
fever got worse, Marty’s wife rushed him to hospital. He was there for the
next ten days. And he was very surprised to hear that he had dengue fever.
|
01:23:31:02
Marty
Baum
|
It’s not
something that you normally see here, in the States, in Florida. Sometimes
you see it down south where there’s a lot of immigration from the Caribbean,
you know, Dade County and Broward County, but it just really shocked me.
|
01:23:47:23
Dr
Whitehead
01:24:03:14
Music:
ANW2061_01_West-Of-Texas
Composers/Performers: Lincoln Grounds/Thomm Jutz, Audio Network
|
People always
want to know is dengue coming to this country is dengue coming to that
country. An example would be the United States. So in Florida, along the
Texas-Mexican boarder, the mosquito that transmits dengue is already there.
|
01:24:10:01
Edhelene Rico
Dept. of
Health, Florida
|
Florida, and
also Miami we have the type of mosquitoes
that transmit the virus. So its naturally occurring in Florida, and it just
would take a traveller coming infected with the virus and then being bitten
by one of our local mosquitoes, and then the mosquito gets infected, and
infects someone else.
We can’t let out guards down because we have the
mosquito here anyways, and the travellers will always be coming to visit
Miami.
|
01:24:36:24
VO
|
With global
travel ever increasing, more and more mosquitoes are becoming infected.
As Marty
found to his cost.
|
01:24:45:07
Marty
Baum
|
There was
really no relief for the pain. When they called this thing the bone breaker
fever, they got it right.
|
01:24:52:04
Jeremy Farrar
|
It used to be thought of as a purely south East
Asian disease. It’s now in India, its in south America, its in southern
Europe, its increasingly in sub Saharan Africa, and the middle east. In
Florida and recently in Japan. So dengue is becoming one of the truly global
infectious diseases.
|
01:25:10:05
Music:
ANW2343_91_Changing-Patterns-3
Composers/Performers: Jerome Alexander, Audio Network
01:25:13:23
Jakarta
spraying
|
In Florida,
the state has resorted to spraying insecticide daily in high-risk areas to
kill the mosquitoes.
In the
developing world, this has long been a tactic. Here in Jakarta, Indonesia,
so-called fogging is used regularly when there’s been a severe outbreak in a
particular neighbourhood.
It does have a short-term
affect, but it tends to just push the problem to another area.
|
01:26:17:01
Dr
Alexei
|
Right now the strategies
that we have against dengue is very difficult to implement. All of these are
taking a toll on the environment and it’s very expensive also.
|
01:26:29:18
Larvae
|
In fact, about $6 billion
is spent globally every year trying to control the mosquito population.
And until now it’s been
the only weapon against dengue fever.
|
01:26:42:17
Dr
Montoya
|
Dengue is a vector driven
disease, so it’s logical that we have to control the mosquito vector.
Hopefully if we bring down the mosquitoes then we also decrease the number of
the possible transmission and consequently the number of cases of dengue.
|
01:26:59:22
Music:
ANW1306_08_Falling-Snow
Composers/Performers: Paul Mottram, Audio Network
GVs,
school
01:27:06:04
01:27:15:04
Music: ANW1053_05_Embers
Composers/Performers: Evelyn Glennie, Audio Network
|
This school in the
Philippines has nearly 4000 pupils.
Even here the children are at risk from the disease.
|
01:27:19:16
Teacher 1
|
A few
students here died because of dengue mosquito. We don’t want other pupils to
be affected also. We are really
afraid of it.
|
01:27:29:05
VO
|
The teachers do what they
can to prevent the children getting bitten.
At 4 o’clock every
afternoon, the pupils are set an important task – to rid the school of any
standing water.
|
01:27:42:13
Teacher 1
|
They’re
looking for stagnant waters and those places where mosquitoes can hide. The
sweeping, so that mosquitoes will be swept away.
|
01:27:54:03
VO
|
At another school, rather
than getting rid of standing water, they’re using it to deliberately lure the
mosquitoes.
|
01:28:01:02
Teacher
2
01:28:16:10
Music: ANW1053_05_Embers
Composers/Performers: Evelyn
Glennie, Audio Network
|
This is an OL trap -
ovicidal or larvicidal trap – and the purpose of this is to catch mosquitoes
so that the mosquito will lay eggs inside the trap. The smell of that
chemical attracts the mosquito so that it will lay eggs inside.
|
01:28:19:22
|
These initiatives are
educational for the children. The effect of them might be limited, but the
fear of dengue means that there’s an over-riding feeling to do something.
|
01:28:31:14
Teacher 2
|
For the past
ten years we have victims of dengue here in school.
Look at our place. During
rainy season our place is flooded area so we can stop the mosquito that lay
eggs by putting this trap.
|
01:28:54:03
Teacher
1
|
We have to be involved.
We have to act. We don’t just sit on the problem. We need to act on it –
right children? Yes!
|
01:29:08:21
Dengue
storytelling
VO
|
Acting on the problem
includes educating the children about dengue from a very young age.
And nothing sticks in the
mind more than a song about the most famous aedus aegyptai, Moskee the
mosquito.
|
01:29:37:08
VO
Archive
film
01:29:50:08
Archive
|
Education, raising
awareness and attempting to control the mosquito population are nothing new.
It’s what the Americans were doing seventy years ago.
Water collected in
rubbish heaps. On fuel drums, in ruts. Each pool and puddle was a mosquito
nursery. Millions of wrigglers hatched, took off, visited nearby native
villages, fed on dengue infested native blood. Then it was that simple.
Multiply it by thousands and you got what we got – trouble. Lots of it.
|
01:30:14:00
VO
01:30:14:23
Music:
ANW1306_08_Falling-Snow
Composers/Performers: Paul Mottram, Audio Network
01:30:30:03
Music:
ANW1988_36_Sonar-So-Good-3
Composers/Performers: Nik Kershaw, Audio Network
|
Getting rid of standing
water was the policy the Americans were
advocating back then. It’s important for the immediate area, but, as with
education, it can never be the whole answer. The mosquitoes will remain free
to breed elsewhere.
So scientists are
experimenting with other more innovative ways to control the mosquito
population.
|
01:30:40:01
VO
|
They are looking into
biological control – from genetic modification to infecting the mosquitoes
with a common bacterium to stop them transmitting deadly diseases. They are
even developing new odours based on human body odour to foil the insects. And
these mosquitoes have been infected with deadly fungi.
|
01:31:08:22
Jeremy Farrar
|
I think these other measures, mosquito control,
genetically modified mosquitoes, community participation, getting the
community involved in dengue control, the way we design cities – all of these
are going to be very important in controlling dengue infection in the next
twenty years.
But it’s also true that a vaccine would be truly
transformative for this disease.
|
01:31:28:18
Music: ANW1053_05_Embers
Composers/Performers: Evelyn Glennie, Audio Network
01:31:31:06
VO
|
Angelito and Irento who
lost their fist son to dengue were given the opportunity to help develop that
vaccine.
Two more of their
children went on to be hospitalized with the disease so the family were
anxious to find a solution.
|
01:31:49:06
Angelita
(subtitles)
01:32:12:05
Music:
ANW1988_36_Sonar-So-Good-3
Composers/Performers: Nik Kershaw,
Audio Network
|
One of our neighbours works for
the Department of Health….
…and they were going from house to house
looking for people to take part
Because of our experience, I was happy
for my child to be involved ….
..so he could help find a vaccine
|
01:32:15:16
VO
|
Their son Christian was
enrolled in trials for the Sanofi Pasteur vaccine. The tests have been on a
much larger scale than the ones in Washington. Volunteers in ten dengue
endemic countries have taken part and the vaccine has now been tested on over
30,000 people.
Christian has to have
regular checks at his local health centre.
|
01:32:38:23
Irento
(subtitles)
|
It means a lot to us because
we live with this fear
We experienced a loss and
that’s something
that should be prevented
That’s why we’re taking part
|
01:32:58:10
|
He and hundreds of other
children have been vaccinated as part of the trial looking at both the safety
and effectiveness of the injection.
Dr Maria Capeding, who is
in charge of the study, is checking to see how the children are doing.
|
01:33:14:18
Dr
Capeding
|
We have children coming
here for their yearly visit. These children have been vaccinated with the
dengue vaccine about 3 years ago and they are coming here for going to ask
have there been a hospitalisation has there been febrile illness. This is
called the surveillance phase.
|
01:33:34:08
Christian
going through the process
|
Some children have been given the new
vaccine and others a placebo. And they are being closely monitored.
If any of these children
get dengue, the clinic is immediately informed.
To get to this stage has
been a long, hard journey.
|
01:33:54:19
Jean
Lang
01:34:19:07
Music:
ANW1893_02_Midnight-Cafe Composers/Performers: Michael Craig/Dave
James, Audio Network
|
The team faced so many challenges but each time we
have to innovate, because with a classical infectious disease or target you
can say ‘Look at the book, look at the experts’, - here we were writing on a
white page. So each time, when I start, you can say ‘well, you can not try
and cure dengue, it’s not possible’. And I say why? Because we simply never
did that before.
|
01:34:30:00
Square
GVs
|
With Latin America
showing the most rapid increase in dengue cases, doctors here were keen to
take part in tests for a new vaccine. As the disease spreads northwards,
Mexico is now in the frontline of the fight against dengue.
|
01:34:49:20
Dr
Rivas (subtitles)
|
We have evidence of very important outbreaks.
In Mexico for example,
in 2014 there were more than 63,000 cases .
Around 34,000 were severe cases.
|
01:35:07:12
Dr
Sandra Villagomez (subtitles)
in
car
GoPro
car pics
|
I’m Sandra Villagomez, a
paediatrician.
I’m in charge of the dengue vaccine tests.
We’re on our way to the clinic
where the vaccine trials took place.
In Mexico as a whole the study has 1,350 kids.
This area was picked because it’s highly populated
and has a high prevalence of Dengue.
|
01:35:37:11
VO
|
Throughout Latin America,
over 20,000 children and young people have taken part in these tests.
|
01:35:44:16
Dr
Sandra (subtitles)
in
car
|
The children and teenagers have been participating
in this for four years.
There was no difficulty in finding recruits,
everyone here has a history of
the illness in the family.
So all the kids were keen to take part.
|
01:36:09:19
VO
|
The state of Morelos has
the highest level of dengue. Here over twenty schools got involved. High school
student Aida Gomez had a particular reason to
volunteer. She knows how awful dengue can be.
|
01:36:27:16
Aida Gomez (subtitles)
01:36:52:14
Music:
ANW1893_02_Midnight-Cafe Composers/Performers: Michael Craig/Dave
James, Audio Network
|
I felt really
weak
I had ready
bad headaches and
I couldn’t
get out of bed
I couldn’t
look up, because my
headaches
were so bad
My bones
ached, I had fever
I couldn’t
sit, I couldn’t stand
I felt
really tense
It was as
if my head was exploding
So when I
heard about this vaccine…
..I thought
that it’s something
that should
be tried…
..to see if
it really works and how effective
it is, and what results it has
|
01:37:07:16
VO
Dr
Arredondo set ups
|
Dr Jose Luis Arredondo
was in charge of the study. He has over forty years of experience working
with infectious diseases in children. He has seen the benefits that
vaccinations have brought over the years. And at the same time, he’s seen the
problem of dengue spiralling out of control.
|
01:37:26:24
Dr
Arredondo (subtitles)
|
The problem
of dengue in Mexico
has been
increasing year by year
And
everything we’ve done to try to control
the
mosquito population…
..hasn’t
solved the problem
Hence the
need to look for alternatives
|
01:37:44:01
Music: ANW1893_02_Midnight-Cafe Composers/Performers: Michael
Craig/Dave James, Audio Network
01:37:48:12
|
The results of the
worldwide trials have been encouraging, cutting in half the number of
expected cases. More significantly the results show an even greater drop in
the number of most severe cases to less than a fifth of what would have been
expected.
|
01:38:04:19
Dr
Capeding
|
The
most important thing I think from the clinician point of view and also
from the parents’ point of view that this vaccine
protect around 88% from having the severe type of dengue and also from being
hospitalised. About 67% against hospitalisation from dengue.
|
01:38:25:20
Dr
Arredondo (subtitles)
|
Personally
I feel very optimistic,
In the
sense that we will be able to
Considerably
reduce the number of cases
the
severity of cases, and the number of deaths.
|
01:38:41:07
Music: ANW1893_02_Midnight-Cafe Composers/Performers: Michael
Craig/Dave James, Audio Network
01:38:49:23
Sandra (subtitles)
in clinic
|
We’re expecting good things from this vaccine.
People here are always getting Dengue.
Then being able to count on an
Effective way of controlling Dengue
is very important, both for doctors and the public.
|
01:39:11:04
Aida Gomez (subtitles)
|
I think
it’s really good,
being part
of something that’s good to
be positive
for so many people.
|
01:39:22:00
Music:
ANW2343_143_Passing-Eyes-3, Composers/Performers: Jerome Alexander,
Audio Network
01:39:24:19
VO
|
Sanofi Pasteur are
already building a huge production facility dedicated solely to the dengue
vaccine.
|
01:39:32:09
VO
London
GVs
|
The vaccine might not be
effective in every case, but still, news of
its approval by several countries is causing excitement across the medical
world.
At last, after seventy
long years, a vaccine against dengue is available.
|
01:39:48:08
Dr
Farrar
|
We have been used to having vaccines, which are
unbelievable – 100% effective, safe in everybody – and that’s what we’ve got
used to. We’re moving into a world now where those vaccines may be less
effective but can still have a major impact on public health, and I think we
shouldn’t be too disappointed with something which we say is 65-70%
effective, because that may actually reduce the burden of the disease, such
that less people go to hospital, less people have time off school, less
people have time off work, and would have a big public health impact.
|
01:40:23:10
Dr
Remy Teyssou
|
When you look at complex
diseases like dengue, you could not expect to have immediately 100% effective
vaccine. So you come with a vaccine with 50, 60% efficiency of protection. So
it is really in my opinion a public health tool that could be very efficient.
|
01:40:52:19
VO
|
A vaccine that is 60 – 70% effective could well
swing the balance in the fight against dengue - as long as it’s a part of an
integrated approach to fighting the disease.
|
01:41:04:07
Dr
Whitehead
|
It’s not the
only component in the control of dengue, because you also have mosquito
control, you have education and you have vaccination. You are not going to be
able to control it solely by having a vaccine, you are not going to be able
to control dengue solely by having mosquito control.
|
01:41:25:15
Dr
Remy Teyssou
|
So
everything, you know, using everything of each of these elements will, in our
opinion, allow to control dengue. In other words, if you are only using one
tool it will be not possible to control dengue for a long-term control.
So
we have to find a synergy between vaccination and mosquito control.
|
01:41:49:20
VO
|
Researchers
around the world continue to search for other effective injections against
dengue and more work will be done assessing the impact of the new vaccine.
|
01:42:00:10
Dr
Whitehead
|
There’s
going to be a lot of players in this and we don’t need just a single dengue
vaccine. There’s room for many players. No one can produce all the vaccine
that’s going to be necessary to take care of the dengue problem worldwide.
|
01:42:14:19
VO
01:42:22:09
Music:
ANW2343_91_Changing-Patterns-3
Composers/Performers: Jerome Alexander, Audio Network
|
But
the first vaccine is a start in meeting the World Health Organization’s
ambitious goal.
A
fifty percent reduction in dengue deaths is a step closer.
|
01:42:35:22
Jean
Lang
|
What we have in hand is a vaccine that could do the
work and meet these objectives and I think this is really an exciting time.
We are close to the end and all the efforts at the end, will make an impact and we all hope to
make dengue a vaccine prevented disease.
|
01:42:56:02
Dr
Remy Teyssou
|
Everybody
in the dengue community is excited about the dengue vaccine.
We are entering a new era in which we
will have new hope.
|
01:43:07:13
Dr
Capeding
|
As a mother, as a
clinician, as a doctor to children, and also as an individual residing in a
dengue endemic country, I am very happy. Yeah, very happy to be part of this journey.
|
01:43:24:14
Angelita
(subtitles)
|
If there’s a solution to this problem with
a new vaccine against
dengue…
..then that would be a huge help
to our community
|
01:43:36:03
Irento
(subtitles)
|
To stop children getting sick
To stop the problem getting worse
That’s why we joined this programme
|
01:43:50:22
Christian
(subtitles)
|
I’m happy to involved…
..because it’s helping fight this disease
|
01:44:00:07
VO
|
Christian has played his
part in helping to make medical history. With the first vaccine against
dengue fever now available, there is hope that its relentless spread can at
last be curbed.
|
01:44:17:08
Music:
ANW2283_06_Tell-A-Story
Composers/Performers: Alex Arcoleo, Audio Network
|
END CREDITS
|