POST
PRODUCTION
SCRIPT
Four
Corners
2022
Feral
44 mins 27 secs
©2022
ABC Ultimo Centre
700
Harris Street Ultimo
NSW
2007 Australia
GPO
Box 9994
Sydney
NSW
2001 Australia
Phone : 61 2 8333 3314
e-mail : kimpton.scott@abc.net.au
Precis
|
Feral: The bitter clash of
culture over Australia's wild horses "Whatever life I've got
left in me, I'll fight for them." Business owner and horse activist In the magnificent high
country of the Snowy Mountains, wild horses roam the land. Immortalised and
celebrated in poems, books and films, these 'brumbies' are a spectacular
sight, inspiring deep emotions. "You read that poem
'The Man from Snowy River'… it expresses a great bonding and a great
spiritual connection between these people and this culture that's in the
mountains." Business owner and horse activist Not everyone subscribes to
this romantic view of the history these horses are said to represent. "This is a culture war.
This is where they want to dominate what they think Australia is…The colonial
crowd feel that they are the mountain men and women and they have a monopoly
over what this place is." River guide An ugly divide is cutting
through the country towns and surrounding mountains. At the centre of it is a
question – are these horses a national icon or feral pests? "If horses are allowed
to persist in these really sensitive areas, they're going to destroy them.
The park is under significant threat." Former park ranger Ecologists and rangers have
been warning that one of the nation's most precious national parks is in deep
trouble with soaring horse numbers creating major damage to the protected
environment. "The grass is an inch
high. Piles of manure every 20 metres. The banks of Currango Creek completely
trodden down…The water in it, instead of being gin clear, you can't even see
the bottom. The erosion caused by the horses is just dramatic."
Volunteer Horse activists completely
reject any assertions that the brumbies are to blame. "We don't trust the
science. And the science has been corrupted by politics." Business owner
and horse activist They believe the brumbies,
and Australia's national identity are under attack. "If it wasn't for the
horses, there's nothing left to prove that we existed. They're the last
piece." Horse activist The debate has turned ugly
with online abuse, property damage and even death threats. "If you speak out and
you're threatening a strongly held belief, some people are going to react,
and I'm expecting that here." Ecologist and farmer The stakes couldn't be
higher for these majestic mountains, captured in stunning Four Corners'
cinematography from the land and the air. "I'm a lover of the
mountains, I love horses too, but for the preservation of that ecology — good
science rather than romantic bullshit should be listened to." Farmer |
|
4Corners
animated logo |
Series
music |
00:00 |
GVs
Fog over Currango Plain |
Music
|
00:12 |
|
ADAM
HARVEY, Reporter: At the northern end of Kosciuszko National Park, fog
settles on the Currango Plain, shrouding one of the dramatic sights of the High
Country. |
00:24 |
Wild
horses on plain |
Music
|
00:36 |
|
PETER
COCHRAN, Former Nationals MP and Horse Trek Operator: These horses to the
people of the mountains, are part of the culture of the mountains, and the
people surrounding them have a great passion for them. |
01:03 |
|
ADAM
HARVEY, REPORTER: The presence of these charismatic animals in this
otherworldly place has inspired poets, artists, filmmakers and passionate
lobbyists who have the wild horse as their totem. |
01:16 |
|
LEISA
CALDWELL, Co-founder, Snowy Mountains Horse Riders: They demonstrate the
connection of our past |
01:31 |
Caldwell
100% |
and
our identity, I guess. |
01:35 |
Wild
horses on plain |
Music
|
01:37 |
|
ADAM
HARVEY, REPORTER: But when the fog lifts, the spell breaks, revealing a
landscape colonised by horses trampling this fragile environment. |
01:42 |
|
PAM
O’BRIEN, National Parks & Wildlife Service 1986-2021: The problem is
astronomical now. To the point where the number of horses are really
threatening the integrity of the park. |
02:02 |
|
ADAM
HARVEY, REPORTER: There is nothing remotely poetic about the conflict
swirling around these animals. |
02:14 |
|
DR
CHARLIE MASSY, Monaro Grazier: From my point of view, I'm a lover of the
mountains, I love horses too, but for the preservation of that ecology, |
02:24 |
Massy
100% |
good
science rather than romantic bullshit should be listened to. |
02:31 |
|
ADAM
HARVEY, REPORTER: This isn’t a story just about horses. This is about people
and emotion and a debate about what it means to be Australian. |
02:36 |
Swain
in park |
RICHARD
SWAIN, Alpine River Guide: I feel that all our problems are cultural and this
is a culture war. |
02:49 |
Swain
100% |
This
is where they want to dominate what they think Australia is and I want
Australians to love this land and our species and become custodians and
carers of that. |
02:54 |
Horses
on plain |
Music
|
03:06 |
|
PETER
COCHRAN, Former Nationals MP and Horse Trek Operator: Well, I can tell you
this, the brumby advocates won’t give up. |
03:11 |
Cochran
100% |
And
as far as we are concerned, the brumbies will remain in the mountains. |
03:15 |
Wild
horses on plain, sunset |
ADAM
HARVEY, Reporter: Tonight on Four Corners, |
03:18 |
Harvey
to camera. Super: |
the
fight for Australia’s High Country. It’s a battle over what we celebrate and
preserve. Disagreement has descended into disdain, abuse and threats as combatants
forge an environment where the landscape is diminished, where native animals
and horses suffer, and where people are intimidated when they do their jobs
or speak their minds. |
03:23 |
Painting
of horse. Title: |
Music
|
03:50 |
Tourists
on horse trek, sitting around campfire |
|
04:00 |
|
ADAM
HARVEY, REPORTER: In an isolated valley deep in the Snowy Mountains, a group
of tourists settle in for an Alpine experience. Their guide is high country
heavyweight Peter Cochran, who runs a horse trek business that draws on the
myth of The Man from Snowy River.
|
04:06 |
Cochran
reads poem to tourists |
PETER
COCHRAN, Former Nationals MP and Horse Trek Operator: There was movement at the station, for
the word had passed around |
04:25 |
|
You
read that poem The Man from Snowy River, it is fictional to a degree
but it expresses a great bonding and a great spiritual connection between
these people and this culture that’s in the mountains. COCHRAN
HORSE TREK GUEST: When I was ten years old I got given |
04:39 |
Woman
horse trek guest |
a
box of books called The Silver Brumby.
So I was ten years old and I first read those books. I still have them now
and I'm 53. So this has been a dream a long time in the making. |
04:53 |
Campfire/Night
sky |
ADAM
HARVEY, REPORTER: Even in summer on these high mountain plains, the nights
are cold and clear. |
05:07 |
Sunrise |
Music
|
05:24 |
Trek
guests prepare horses |
ADAM
HARVEY, REPORTER: The next morning, time to saddle up. |
05:28 |
|
PETER
COCHRAN, Former Nationals MP and Horse Trek Operator: "All aboard folks,
mount up, let’s go!" |
05:38 |
Trek
guests set off |
Music
|
05:40 |
|
ADAM
HARVEY, REPORTER: These are familiar trails to former Nationals MP Peter
Cochran. He was raised on a nearby
property. Each summer his family grazed their cattle on these plains. |
05:52 |
|
PETER
COCHRAN, Former Nationals MP and Horse Trek Operator: Well, at the times we were mustering, as a
child we used to come up into the park and spend time in the huts, camping
out in the bush. |
06:06 |
Cochran
100%. Super: |
So
I became a part of the cultural experience of coming up here and living with
the people in the huts in the mountains during the summer, and still do it
today. |
06:15 |
Drone
shots. Trek traversing High Country |
ADAM
HARVEY, REPORTER: Cattle grazing was banned in the Park decades ago creating
bitter divisions between environmentalists and graziers. The fight over
brumbies is the latest frontier for these mountain communities. |
06:28 |
|
PETER
COCHRAN, Former Nationals MP and Horse Trek Operator: I’m going to speak out
on their behalf, and if I need to do that to protect the lifestyle and the
cultural identity of these people that live around the mountains, I’ll do it.
|
06:48 |
Cochran
100% |
And
whatever life I’ve got left in me, I’ll fight for them. |
06:59 |
Drone
shots. Currango Homestead |
ADAM
HARVEY, REPORTER: Just a few kilometres from the horse-riding camp is
Currango Homestead, a former grazing property that’s now tourist
accommodation. |
07:02 |
Harvey
and Dunn and homestead |
Melbourne
lawyer Ian Dunn has been coming here for 50 years. |
07:15 |
|
IAN
DUNN, Friends of Currango: My being has been greatly affected by Currango.
Currango has been a feature of my life since at least the early '70s. |
07:20 |
|
ADAM
HARVEY, REPORTER: Ian Dunn is among a group of volunteers who help look after
the property. |
07:30 |
Currango
Creek. Dunn fishing |
|
07:37 |
|
Chasing
trout in Currango Creek is one of his great joys. But his secret fishing spot
has been transformed by horses. IAN
DUNN, Friends of Currango: There’s no grass, is there? The grass is an inch
high. |
07:42 |
Horse
manure by creek |
Piles
of manure every 20 metres. The banks of Currango Creek completely trodden
down. The creek is twice as wide as it used to be, half as deep. The water in
it, instead of being gin clear, you can’t even see the bottom. The erosion caused
by the horses is just dramatic. |
08:01 |
Dunn
fishing/Horses at creek edge |
ADAM
HARVEY, REPORTER: He’s witnessed a population explosion. IAN
DUNN, Friends of Currango: Look to your left, you can see horses. Right in
front of you, you can see a hundred. Up to your right, you can see another 50
or 100, many of them with infants with them, so they’re breeding quickly. And
I suppose that’s one of the differences in the last two years, population
will have increased by about 40 per cent.
|
08:26 |
Horse
grazing at homestead |
ADAM
HARVEY, REPORTER: These are not Banjo Paterson’s elusive wild bush horses, some
so tame they graze on the front lawn at Currango. IAN
DUNN, Friends of Currango: How can you do this in a national park? It's not a
national park with scenes like we are seeing now. |
08:51 |
Dunn
100%. Super: |
Have
the decency not to call it a national park, call it the Currango horse park. |
09:08 |
O'Brien
riding through bush |
ADAM
HARVEY, REPORTER: Pam O'Brien was an Area Manager for the National Parks and
Wildlife Service until she retired just a few months ago. She’s passionate
about horses and native animals, like the broad-toothed rat, which was once
common here. |
09:13 |
Photo.
Broad-toothed rat |
PAM
O’BRIEN, National Parks & Wildlife Service 1986-2021: The Broad-toothed
Rat is a gorgeous little rat-like creature that doesn’t bite and doesn’t
smell. It’s really cute. And they make these little grass runways. |
09:34 |
O'Brien
riding through bush |
And
we could always go along this certain part of the Park, in the southern part,
and show people the runways and how they lived and everything. |
09:43 |
O'Brien
100%. Super: |
Well,
we were there for nearly two days and we did not find one runway. All we saw
was horse damage. |
09:52 |
Harvey
with Hardey in park at creek |
ADAM
HARVEY, REPORTER: With decades on the ground in Kosciuszko, former rangers
like Pam O’Brien and Paul Hardey remember what this country was like with
fewer horses. |
09:57 |
|
PAUL
HARDEY, National Parks & Wildlife Service 1974-2014: We've got a creek
environment here, which normally would be covered up with vegetation. It's
been trampled and there's no vegetation whatsoever on the creek environment.
And in contrast, we've got the sphagnum bog on this side, which you can see
in some places where it's already been started to be opened up by horses.
That's what it should look like. There should be thick sphagnum bog covering
the creek right up there. |
10:11 |
|
ADAM
HARVEY, REPORTER: And there’s a couple of the culprits just around the corner
there. PAUL
HARDEY, National Parks & Wildlife Service 1974-2014: There is, there’s
usually a few horses up here, and if we were to go up there you’d see this is
the same all the way up, that that cover on the creek has been destroyed. |
10:46 |
Drone
shots. Creek |
Music
|
10:58 |
|
PAUL
HARDEY, National Parks & Wildlife Service 1974-2014: It's disheartening,
it's totally disheartening. Something's gone so badly wrong that all our
efforts seem to be now |
11:02 |
Hardey
100%. Super: |
relegated
to being second to a feral horse. |
11:09 |
Horses
|
PAM
O’BRIEN, National Parks & Wildlife Service 1986-2021: It's really sad.
Especially in my career, when you work to look after the park and all the
species in the park. |
11:14 |
O'Brien
100% |
And
I've left and it's in a much worse condition than when I started. |
11:25 |
Drone
shots. Creek/Fence |
ADAM
HARVEY, REPORTER: In some places the damage is so bad, rangers are building
enclosures to protect endangered native animals. This fence line guards the
last place of refuge of a native fish species, the stocky galaxias. PAM
O’BRIEN, National Parks & Wildlife Service 1986-2021: The staff are
identifying areas that need to be fenced. The really critical areas that are
having a lot of impact. It's like |
11:30 |
O'Brien
100% |
a
zoo having little enclosures that people could come to. And if you want to
see a Broad-toothed rat, well, in Kosciuszko National Park, we have these
little remote zoos that you can come and have a look at these animals in.
It's ridiculous. |
11:55 |
Horses
in park |
ADAM
HARVEY, REPORTER: Exactly how many horses are in the park is hotly contested
between the opposing sides. PETER
COCHRAN, Former Nationals MP and Horse Trek Operator: I'm talking about north
of the Snowy Mountains Highway, |
12:14 |
Cochran
100%. Super: |
I'd
say probably in the vicinity of less than 2000. |
12:26 |
Horses
in park |
LEISA
CALDWELL, Co-founder, Snowy Mountains Horse Riders: My view is that there
are, give or take, probably |
12:29 |
Caldwell
100%. Super: |
3,000
to 4,000 horses in total of the park. |
12:34 |
Cox
100%. Super: |
ANDREW
COX, CEO, Invasive Species Council: So right now, there’s probably sixteen,
17,000 horses. |
12:37 |
Fletcher
100%. Super: |
DON
FLETCHER, Wild animal population ecologist: It’ll be more like 20,000 by the
time we get around to doing anything about it. |
12:41 |
Andrea
Harvey 100%. Super: |
DR
ANDREA HARVEY, Equine Welfare Veterinarian: It’s easy to drive or walk across
vast areas and not see a horse. And that doesn’t mean that they’re not
there. |
12:45 |
Adam
Harvey in helicopter with Matt O'Brien. Views of horses on plains |
MATT
O’BRIEN, Pilot: Okay coming up. |
12:55 |
|
ADAM
HARVEY, REPORTER: To get a more accurate estimate of the horse population,
you must take to the air. |
12:59 |
|
MATT
O’BRIEN, Pilot: Beautiful, beautiful plains. Amazing. |
13:04 |
|
ADAM
HARVEY, REPORTER: You can already see the mobs of horses. MATT
O’BRIEN, Pilot: Yep, easily, yep. |
13:08 |
|
Have
a look through here, the mobs we’ve got running through this area. |
13:13 |
|
ADAM
HARVEY, REPORTER: Any census of the park must somehow tally the horses you
don’t see. A complex method called distance sampling is used. The number of
horses counted by aerial spotters is multiplied using a formula that takes
into account animals hidden by trees and terrain. |
13:19 |
|
MATT
O’BRIEN, Pilot: It’s not a haphazard method. It’s a proven method. They’ve
used it for many, many years not to just count horses, but to count feral
pigs, feral goats, and it works. |
13:42 |
|
ADAM
HARVEY, REPORTER: Based on a 2020 aerial survey, National Parks estimate a
population of more than 14,000 horses. Scientists say numbers are growing by
up to 20 per cent a year. DON
FLETCHER, Wild Animal Population Ecologist: People, to believe these counts,
do have to rely a little bit on the fact that the people conducting them are
qualified, are professionals. |
13:54 |
Fletcher
100%. Super: |
They're
getting their work peer reviewed by people internationally who are independent
scientists who are saying, "Yep, this is correct." So we should
trust it. |
14:17 |
Views
from helicopter |
ADAM
HARVEY, REPORTER: These numbers are completely rejected by horse
advocates. PETER
COCHRAN, Former Nationals MP and Horse Trek Operator: The fact is that the horses has been
substantially reduced in number. Any claim of 14,000 horses is absolute
nonsense. |
14:26 |
|
One
of the problems is that those who are producing these figures, don't get up
there like we do, out riding amongst them all the time and know the horses
individually by name. |
14:41 |
Cochran
100%. Super: |
Yeah,
we don’t trust the science. And science has been corrupted by politics in a
whole range of fields and that’s one of them.
|
14:52 |
Views
from helicopter |
ADAM
HARVEY, REPORTER: The figure of 14,000 has been accepted by the New South
Wales Government. It has signed off on a plan to reduce the number of horses
to 3,000 within the next five years. Animals will either be trapped and
rehomed, shot in the park, or sent to the abattoir. The quickest method of
controlling numbers – shooting from a helicopter – has been ruled out. RICHARD
SWAIN, Alpine River Guide: I see it from the perspective of the country. And
they’re not meant to be there. They’re a hard hooved invasive species. They’re not endangered. |
14:59 |
Swain
100% Super: |
There’s
90 per cent of Australia you can have a horse on there. There’s no need to
have one in the national park that’s for sure. |
15:38 |
Horses
run on plain |
Music
|
15:43 |
|
PROFESSOR
JAMIE PITTOCK, Environmental Scientist, ANU: There's no reason why we have to
destroy our natural and indigenous heritage |
15:46 |
Pittock
100%. Super: |
in
order to keep a few feral horses up in the mountains. |
15:51 |
Lower
Snowy River GVs |
ADAM
HARVEY, REPORTER: This is the spectacular Lower Snowy River. It’s a vast
wilderness that stretches all the way to Victoria and beyond. It is where
parts of the Man from Snowy River poem and the Silver Brumby books were set,
and for that reason it has great emotional power to horse supporters. |
15:56 |
Harvey
100% |
And
it’s valued for its pristine environmental state, for plants and animals that
are found nowhere else, and for the fact that there isn’t a residence as far
as you can see. Nobody lives
here. But it is contested
territory. |
16:18 |
Environmentalists
prepare boats for river trip |
ADAM
HARVEY, REPORTER: This group of environmentalists is about to set off on the
Lower Snowy River. |
16:31 |
|
PROFESSOR
JAMIE PITTOCK, Environmental Scientist, ANU: I’m really excited because it’s
my first time in this upper part of the river |
16:44 |
Pittock
100% |
and
in this Byadbo wilderness area, which is really special. |
16:48 |
|
ADAM
HARVEY, REPORTER: For some on the trip, this is more than a holiday.
Professor Jamie Pittock is an environmental scientist at the ANU. Also on the
journey is Andrew Cox, the head of the environmental activist group, the
Invasive Species Council. ANDREW
COX, CEO, Invasive Species Council: I’ve really wanted to get down to the
Snowy River, |
16:54 |
Cox
100% |
and
who better person to go with than Richard Swain. |
17:11 |
|
ADAM
HARVEY, REPORTER: Richard Swain is a veteran river guide and environmental
campaigner. |
17:14 |
Swain
packing for river trip |
RICHARD
SWAIN, Alpine River Guide: I can see
by the way they pack their boats this is a good crew. Already that’s
promising. |
17:19 |
|
Music
|
17:28 |
Snowy
River journey |
ADAM
HARVEY, REPORTER: They film their journey. It begins with an eight hour
scramble past unnavigable rapids. |
17:30 |
|
Music |
17:38 |
|
RICHARD
SWAIN, Alpine River Guide: This is the
real Man from Snowy River country. This is the pine clad ranges, the rugged
mountain, this is the Snowy River. |
17:53 |
|
The
men and women that came in here with the stock, they were fantastic horsemen,
fantastic stockmen. It’s a rich history, but it wasn’t great for country. It's
destroyed this land and it’s changed it and to continue with leaving just
feral horses on this land, it cannot recover from that era. |
18:00 |
|
ADAM
HARVEY, REPORTER: They are dismayed by what they see. RICHARD
SWAIN, Alpine River Guide: The damage,
the plants that are missing, the erosion, the seed heads chewed off
everything, the silt in the water, the lack of native animals. |
18:24 |
Swain
100%. Super: |
It's
a sad, sad picture that you see when you know what you're looking for. |
18:39 |
GVs.
Snowy River |
PROFESSOR
JAMIE PITTOCK, Environmental Scientist, ANU: I’m particularly worried by the
feral horses, systematically eating out particular plants that are so
important for the ecology of this place. One example is the common reed or
phragmites that grows along the edge of the river. |
18:44 |
Pittock
100%. Super: |
I’ve
just spent five days floating down the Snowy River, and the only places these
reeds grow are where the horses cannot reach. |
19:04 |
Horses
on plain |
ANDREW
COX, CEO, Invasive Species Council: They're grazers, so they're removing
grasses and bushes selectively, and many of these are the homes to animals
which are only found in these places, |
19:13 |
Cox
100%. Super: |
things
like the northern and southern corroboree frog, the Alpine she-oak skink. |
19:23 |
Horses
|
ADAM
HARVEY, REPORTER: Richard Swain, Andrew Cox and Jamie Pittock, part of the
Reclaim Kosci environmental campaign, are among the loudest voices calling
for the removal of horses as quickly as possible. They believe the management
plan doesn’t go far enough. |
19:29 |
|
RICHARD
SWAIN, Alpine River Guide: We need to accept aerial culling. If we lose that
as a tool in the box, then we’re buggered. And at the |
19:48 |
Swain
100% |
moment
the best weapon we have to reduce these feral herbivores is aerial culling.
And it’s the most humane method, and we need to clean Australia up of feral
plants and animals. |
19:56 |
Horses |
ADAM
HARVEY, REPORTER: Their unequivocal stance has put them in the sights of
horse advocates. On pro-brumby |
20:11 |
Pro-brumby
Facebook images |
Facebook
pages, some with tens of thousands of supporters, Swain, Pittock and Cox are
the enemy. Some of the attacks posted
by members of these groups are vulgar, others are barely veiled death
threats. |
20:19 |
On
screen text from Facebook comments |
'I
would like to use a double barrelled shotgun on them and then load these evil
morons into a truck and dump them. I am very wicked. Lol' |
20:33 |
|
'Now
to take these cretins out would be my dream …' |
20:44 |
|
'If
I has [sic] the money, I would put a price on their heads. Hope someone might
do it for free.' |
20:48 |
|
'The
only exterminations should be the Reclaim Kossi mob – any ideas?' |
20:54 |
Swain
walking in park |
ADAM
HARVEY, REPORTER: Richard Swain in particular gets under the skin of some
horse supporters. Violent threats extend to his wife and children. |
20:59 |
On
screen text threats |
'Can
someone not take him into the forest for a walk and not come back out with
him.' |
21:12 |
|
'Let’s
cull Swain be done with it! If only that easy.' |
21:17 |
|
'Low
about we hunt you and your family down to be shot' |
21:22 |
|
'Shut
up or you will be shut up permanently!!!!' |
21:26 |
Horses
grazing |
RICHARD
SWAIN, Alpine River Guide: Growing up around here, the colonial crowd feel
that they are the mountain men and women and they have a monopoly over what
this place is. |
21:31 |
Swain
100%. Super: |
I
guess I’m a threat. I’ve got a leg to stand on. I am a river guide in the
parks. I am born and bred here. I am of Aboriginal heritage. So they see that
as a real threat to their argument. |
21:41 |
|
ADAM
HARVEY, REPORTER: Some attacks by members of online community groups focus on
Swain’s business. |
21:56 |
On
screen text from Facebook posts |
'Richard
Swain… owner of Alpine River Adventures...only agenda is to cull Every single
Brumby … to drive his business agenda..' |
22:04 |
|
'spread
the word NOW on all various local pages' |
22:13 |
|
'Can
I nominate RICHARD SWAIN for the "Jindy notice boards" Dickhead of
the month!!' |
22:17 |
Swain
walking in park |
RICHARD
SWAIN, Alpine River Guide: Our business has been targeted. We can’t brand our
vehicles anymore because they have been vandalised and they will be
vandalised. |
22:24 |
Swain
100% |
The
horse trek mobs, they can drive around with the signage all over their
vehicles and advertise themselves, but I certainly couldn’t. Our cars do get
flat tyres and stickers put all over them, Save the Brumby stickers. And that
was getting worse. |
22:35 |
Swain
and group prepared for river trip |
After
the second lot of flat tyres, it was pretty obvious that things could get
worse and dangerous, so we sold one of our vehicles and we've unbranded all the
rest. PAUL
HARDEY, National Parks & Wildlife Service 1974-2014: To suddenly see this degenerate into |
22:49 |
Hardey
100%. Super: |
almost
madness, where the argument gets to the point of threatening people in the
community and people that people know, friends, neighbours threatening each
other or not speaking up, being afraid to be involved in a debate. You've
gone from a situation of protecting a unique park to almost anarchy. All of a
sudden it's, what the hell has happened here? |
23:04 |
O'Brien
riding |
PAM
O’BRIEN, National Parks & Wildlife Service 1986-2021: It’s become quite
divisive. We have had staff threatened at work, and it’s made it very
difficult. And I know that |
23:31 |
O'Brien
100%. Super: |
a
lot of the staff don’t like walking around town in their uniforms. And
there’s been procedures put in place in the office to protect them from a lot
of that passion or threats from the pro-brumby community. |
23:44 |
Pittock
100% Super: |
PROFESSOR
JAMIE PITTOCK, Environmental Scientist, ANU: I think that the pro-horse lobby
are our modern-day environmental terrorists. They’re terrorising the
environment by promoting the horses remaining and destroying it. And they’re
terrorising the people who care for the environment such as the national
parks staff. |
24:01 |
River.
Text over |
ADAM
HARVEY, REPORTER: The NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service keeps a log of
threatening phone calls and emails sent to staff. In internal memos, the
parks service has assured staff it is: "[NPWS is] taking action to
enhance the security of its local worksites and safety of staff while at
work." |
24:20 |
|
But
that: "Interactions with NSW Police in seeking intervention in the
matters have been difficult and relatively unsuccessful." |
24:53 |
|
Parks
management has recommended risk assessments and counselling to protect staff. PAM
O’BRIEN, National Parks & Wildlife Service 1986-2021: I suppose the worst
examples |
25:03 |
O'Brien
100% |
are
threats on Facebook mostly, and threats to people’s kids at school, is
probably the worst. And that can have a big impact on the staff that are
working there, that are just trying to do their job, and trying to look after
the park, and not feeling safe. |
25:12 |
Cox
100%. Super: |
ANDREW
COX, CEO, Invasive Species Council: They are brutal about how they deal with
people. They intimidate, they threaten, and they care more about the horses
than everything, including people. |
25:31 |
Vegetation/horses |
ADAM
HARVEY, REPORTER: It’s clear this stoush is about much more than horses. PETER
COCHRAN, Former Nationals MP and Horse Trek Operator: If National Parks and
Wildlife Service feel as though they've been threatened, well, look at it
from the other side. The people who |
25:45 |
Cochran
100%. Super: |
their
whole lifestyle has been changed by the Snowy Mountain Scheme, the ski
industry, the invasion of people into their areas all the time as tourists,
and some people see that as being an offence to them. |
25:58 |
Snowy
Mountains development |
So
think about the people who have been affected by government policy all the
time, where you see a massive Snowy Mountains development wrecking the land
all over the place at the same time as they're trying to remove a few
brumbies out of the park. |
26:10 |
Cochran
100% |
These
are the things that develop the anger. It's not me that's developing the
anger. I'm identifying it. ADAM
HARVEY, REPORTER: Peter Cochran uses Facebook to call for action against his
opponents. |
26:21 |
On
screen text of Facebook posts |
'The
Invasive Species Council is an invasive species. Therefore should be
immediately eradicated.' |
26:33 |
|
'Time
for gloves off Brumby Supporters. You know where your enemies are. ALP,
Greens and Shooters Fishers and Farmers. Shooters kill brumbies.' |
26:40 |
|
'Reclaim
Kosi Park organisation are a bunch of frauds. Let’s expose their backgrounds
one at a time.' |
26:49 |
Cochran
leading horse trek through park |
ADAM
HARVEY, REPORTER: Peter Cochran has a direct line to favoured media outlets
and hasn’t held back in his attacks. |
26:57 |
Horses
in moonlight. Audio of radio phone call. Super: |
PETER
COCHRAN [on phone]: And the fact is that Andrew Cox and the Reclaim Kosci
advocates are telling bare-faced lies.
There were never 20,000 horses there, there were never 10,000, there
were never 14,000. It’s an absolute
bare-faced lie and they know it. |
27:08 |
Pair
of horses in park |
ADAM
HARVEY, REPORTER: This has become such a toxic debate that people |
27:22 |
Cochran
100% |
in
Parks are frightened to do their jobs and people are certainly frightened to
speak their minds about this issue. Do you accept any responsibility for the
level of anger and resentment that swirls around this issue of horses in the
park? PETER
COCHRAN, Former Nationals MP and Horse Trek Operator: No, I accept no responsibility for it,
because the reason that the conflict exists is the intransigence of the
National Parks and Wildlife Service and the government to listen to the
people. |
27:29 |
|
And
if they don't listen to the people, then anger will develop. And if a leader
emerges and I'm the leader, I'll take the consequences of it. And don't let
anybody lay blame on me for the anger of people, which has been spread over
several generations in their attitude towards National Parks and Wildlife
Service. |
27:55 |
Cochran
and others at meeting |
ADAM
HARVEY, REPORTER: At this meeting in the town of Cooma, Peter Cochran and his
allies plan their ongoing strategy to preserve both horse-riding and brumbies
in the park. PETER
COCHRAN: "We rule out aerial shooting entirely and with regards to
ground shooting totally ruled out." ADAM
HARVEY, REPORTER: This ex-National Party MP has had remarkable success in
influencing government policy. |
28:14 |
|
HENRY
FILTNESS, Snowy Mountains Bush Users Group: "The thing that they left
out was the no mention of recreational horse riding within the park." |
28:43 |
|
MEL
ROWE, Snowy Mountains Brumby Registry: And I think we acknowledged that horse
riders actually have a significant part to play in the park. |
28:48 |
|
ADAM
HARVEY, REPORTER: In 2018, years of lobbying culminated in the passing of an
unprecedented piece of legislation by the NSW parliament: the so-called
Brumby Bill. For the first time in Australia a feral animal was protected in
a national park. PETER
COCHRAN, Former Nationals MP and Horse Trek Operator: I spent a lot of time |
28:55 |
Cochran
100% |
lobbying
both sides of the house, including the cross benches, because I'd been a
former Member I knew the way to go about it. And I used my skills with my
knowledge of the parliament and everything else to try and persuade them to
support the Bill. Then it went through the House with support. |
29:13 |
|
ADAM
HARVEY, Reporter: You told one of your
followers that you'd drafted it. |
29:32 |
|
PETER
COCHRAN, Former Nationals MP and Horse Trek Operator: I know, drafted the
notes. Yeah, I did. And that was a misstep on my part, there's no question. I
shouldn't have put the word legislation, I should have put notes. I drafted
notes. |
29:35 |
Massy
100%. Super: |
DR
CHARLIE MASSY, Monaro Grazier: It’s absolutely gobsmacking that a Wild Horse
so-called Heritage Act can be railroaded in on top of 50, 60 years of
thorough research, deliberate legislation to create one of the world’s great
national parks. And then crass National Party politics can totally prostitute
that process and railroad in an Act that suits a very small minority in a
totally damaging way to the ecology in favour of a feral species. It’s just
absolutely gobsmacking and a cynical abrogation of all good government
process. |
29:47 |
Cochran
and Caldwell at meeting |
ADAM
HARVEY, REPORTER: Alongside Peter Cochran, activist Leisa Caldwell has been a
key figure in the fight to protect horses. |
30:30 |
Caldwell
into stable, with horses |
Leisa
Caldwell grew up in Sydney but moved here after falling in love with the
mountains, and a mountain man. With the passion of a convert, she’s embraced
the horse-centric world mythologised in The Man from Snowy River. |
30:38 |
Caldwell
100% |
LEISA
CALDWELL, Co-founder, Snowy Mountains Horse Riders: I think the movie said it
right when they said it was paradise one minute, and next minute, it’s hell
trying to kill you. |
31:00 |
Photos
around home of horses and horsemen |
ADAM
HARVEY, REPORTER: She’s become a custodian of High Country history and
culture, symbolised by the horses. |
31:08 |
Caldwell
onto verandah |
LEISA
CALDWELL, Co-founder, Snowy Mountains Horse Riders: Because they demonstrate
the connection of our past and our identity, I guess. And they’re the last
connection. There’s a few |
31:14 |
Caldwell
100%. Super: |
mountain
huts that still exist but if it wasn’t for the horses, there’s nothing left
to prove that we existed. They’re the last piece. |
31:25 |
Caldwell
on verandah reading document |
ADAM
HARVEY, REPORTER: Like many, she believes successive governments have
destroyed the mountain way of life. For Leisa Caldwell, it’s personal. Her
husband’s family was among those stripped of cattle-grazing leases in
Kosciuszko. LEISA
CALDWELL, Co-founder, Snowy Mountains Horse Riders: I think that’s a lot of
the frustration when their livelihoods and their history was |
31:39 |
Caldwell
100% |
removed
from the mountains at the same time as their towns were being flooded for the
Snowy Scheme, being Jindabyne and Adaminaby. They were being kicked out,
their history was being removed with their homes, etcetera, and yet the ski
resorts were moving in. |
32:02 |
Snow,
vegetation |
ADAM
HARVEY, REPORTER: In high country towns like Cooma and Jindabyne and
Adaminaby, |
32:23 |
Harvey
to camera |
there’s
not much public mention of the enormous national park that everyone’s here to
visit. What’s celebrated is the taming of the wilderness: the horse and the horseman,
the gold prospectors, even the trout introduced into local rivers. From the
moment you enter the region, the Man from Snowy River and the wild bush
horses are front and centre. They are an essential part of the local
character. And knocking an icon off its plinth is deeply unpopular. |
32:30 |
Storm
clouds over mountains |
|
33:02 |
|
DR
CHARLIE MASSY, Monaro Grazier: If you speak out and you’re threatening a
strongly held belief, some people are going to react, and I’m expecting that
here. |
33:14 |
Massy
100%. Super: |
And
I know others that have been fighting this for a while have copped some
really nasty stuff, which isn’t any way to win an argument. |
33:21 |
Harvey
walks with Massy |
ADAM
HARVEY, REPORTER: Charlie Massy’s connection to the past is embedded in
Kosciuszko, in the hills north of the Kiandra goldfields. It’s where his
father grazed cattle each summer, sharing his lease with the Caldwell
family. |
33:28 |
Massy
and Harvey by river |
DR
CHARLIE MASSY, Monaro Grazier: I'm envious. I'd love to have been around in
those days. But when the leases were taken off in the late fifties, sixties,
my father was quite open about, "Look, the time had come." The
stock were doing damage, we started to realise. And also, droving for two
weeks with increasing tourist traffic and stuff. It was time, as far as he
was concerned. He wasn't bitter at all about losing the leases, he realised
it was time. |
33:47 |
Snow
on mountains/vegetation |
ADAM
HARVEY, REPORTER: Charlie Massy remembers what a big deal this was for
mountain families. DR
CHARLIE MASSY, Monaro Grazier: Particularly closer to the mountains a lot of
the old Monaro families and newcomers as well, there's still a lot of bitter
feelings. One of the leading ecologists whose work led to the formation of
Kosciuszko National Park, |
34:18 |
Massy
100% |
I
know, after the leases were taken away in the fifties, he was beaten up in
pubs and his children victimised at school, and those feelings still run on.
It was a threat to identity and to livelihood. |
34:41 |
Massy
herding sheep |
ADAM
HARVEY, REPORTER: Massy is as local as they come; he’s a lifelong grazier who
runs around 3,000 head of sheep on a property near Cooma, and who was awarded
an OAM for his services to the wool industry.
He has a PhD for his research into regenerative methods of farming. To
his expert eye, the damage done by horses is clear. DR
CHARLIE MASSY, Monaro Grazier: To then
see |
34:55 |
Massy
100% |
some
of Australia's rarest species and endangered species at huge risk now being
compromised for this false view about these heroic animals that they've
portrayed, when really they're just a feral animal doing huge damage. |
35:22 |
Herding
sheep |
ADAM
HARVEY, REPORTER: He questions the motivation of some horse supporters. |
35:36 |
Massy
on quad bike with dogs |
DR
CHARLIE MASSY, Monaro Grazier: For some it's driven by pecuniary interests,
whether its horse riding or whatever, camping trips. For others, their sense
of |
35:44 |
Massy
100%. Super: |
heroic
image is embedded in the Man from Snowy River, rugged bushmen, hard riding,
hard drinking sort of thing. |
35:53 |
|
But
none of it has any relevance to do with the ecology. I’m a lover of the
mountains, I love horses too, but for the preservation of that ecology, good
science rather than romantic bullshit should be listened to. |
36:07 |
Drone
shots over horses and traps |
ADAM
HARVEY, REPORTER: In Kosciuszko National Park traps are being set to capture
brumbies for removal or killing. Horses are lured with baits into enclosures
like this. |
36:33 |
|
ALAN
LANYON, Brumby Activist: When the horses enter the traps, they go chasing the
molasses or the salt or some of those. |
36:48 |
Harvey
with Lanyon at horse trap |
They
hit the trip wire, which releases these gates. The gates fly back and the
horses are locked in and gone for all time. |
36:54 |
|
ADAM
HARVEY, REPORTER: Horse activists like Alan Lanyon remain utterly opposed to
the removal of any brumbies. |
37:04 |
|
ALAN
LANYON, Brumby Activist: So we say at this point in time that there is no
substance to the National Parks and Wildlife Service's claim for a need for a
trapping program. |
37:11 |
|
ADAM
HARVEY, REPORTER: Traps have been tampered with in the past and horses set
free and Alan Lanyon expects that to continue. |
37:19 |
Super: |
ALAN
LANYON, Brumby Activist: Part of me says that we should be doing it. Part of
me says that we should have people on the ground here. Every time they set
these traps, we'll come in and set them off, we'll come over the hill and set
the traps off. Until such time as the Environment Minister and National Parks
and Wildlife Service want to sit down and talk -- not with a put up committee
but with a committee that has the interest of a) the national parks and b)
the horses at heart. |
37:28 |
|
ADAM
HARVEY, REPORTER: Will you be part of that Alan? Will you come in and open
the traps and help pull them down? ALAN
LANYON, Brumby Activist: At this point in time, I couldn't say what my
intentions would be. ADAM
HARVEY, REPORTER: That means, though, that the plan that's been so long in
the making, I've heard so much contention about it. But if a group like yours
stops horses being trapped the plan won’t work at all, will it? |
37:54 |
|
ALAN
LANYON, Brumby Activist: No, but it might force some action into making the plan
work. |
38:17 |
Andrea
Harvey with stallion in horse float |
|
38:21 |
|
ADAM
HARVEY, REPORTER: A few fortunate horses like this Kosciuszko stallion will
find a new home. He’s come to the property of animal welfare vet Andrea
Harvey. |
38:29 |
|
DR
ANDREA HARVEY, Equine Welfare Veterinarian: He’s coming here for a bit of
handling and to be gelded. And then once he’s recovered, he’ll go to his new
owner on a big property and be reunited with the rest of his herd. |
38:45 |
|
ADAM
HARVEY, REPORTER: She doesn’t charge for this work -- she’s trying to save as
many as possible. |
38:55 |
|
It’s
a lot of work for one horse, isn’t it? DR
ANDREA HARVEY, Equine Welfare Veterinarian: Yeah, it is and especially for
the stallions, because I guess that’s why they sort of draw the short straw
most of the time. And it’s |
39:07 |
Adam
and Andrea |
usually
the older stallions that ended up going to knackeries. |
39:17 |
Andrea
Harvey with horses |
ADAM
HARVEY, REPORTER: She has already taken 40 brumbies onto her own property,
but most Kosciuszko horses won’t be this lucky. Horses that have never been
handled before require space and expert attention, but there are too few
people like Andrea Harvey, with the time and skill to care for them. DR
ANDREA HARVEY, Equine Welfare Veterinarian: I think it would be a struggle to
rehome a lot larger numbers. |
39:23 |
Andrea
Harvey 100%. Super: |
Ultimately,
it’s going to be saturated at some point. Not every horse is going to be
rehomed. |
39:53 |
Andrea
with horses |
ADAM
HARVEY, REPORTER: If the plan is implemented the vast majority of the horses
in Kosciuszko National Park will be killed. Andrea Harvey has advised the New
South Wales government on the most humane ways of removal and culling. DR
ANDREA HARVEY, Equine Welfare Veterinarian: Obviously the trapping itself is
a stress and the transport itself is a stress and each of those steps there
is the potential for negative impact on the horse. |
40:01 |
Andrea
Harvey 100% |
So
if the horses are going to be killed we want to make sure that there are as
few welfare impacts as possible, so theoretically killing them in the park
would have fewer impacts. We’re avoiding that process of transport. |
40:29 |
Horses
grazing on property |
When
we think about how the horses are going to be killed in the Park, if that's
what's happening, we have to again, make sure that that can be done in a way
that causes minimal distress and minimal pain. |
40:48 |
|
ADAM
HARVEY, REPORTER: Her position has made her a target of some of the most
extreme horse supporters. |
41:02 |
Andrea
Harvey walks fence line |
DR
ANDREA HARVEY, Equine Welfare Veterinarian: It’s kind of flabbergasting that
it happens from brumby people, because I guess I’m putting my life really
into trying to save as many brumbies as I can and give them the best welfare
that I can. |
41:09 |
Andrea
Harvey 100% |
And
so when people accuse you of things related to being a killer or causing
cruelty like that's, yeah, it’s really hurtful, really hurtful. |
41:21 |
High
Country GVs |
Music
|
41:42 |
|
ADAM
HARVEY, REPORTER: The bitter stoush over brumbies in Kosciuszko, fuelled by
old grievances and entrenched cultural positions, has led to a compromise
plan that has satisfied neither side. An agonisingly slow removal process in
the face of unrelenting resistance seems inevitable. |
41:51 |
Cochran
100% |
ADAM
HARVEY, REPORTER: What happens next, Peter? The plan has become a reality.
Horses will start to be removed. The rehoming market is saturated. Some
horses are going to have to be killed. What’s the next step? PETER
COCHRAN, Former Nationals MP and Horse Trek Operator: Well, I can tell you
this. The brumby advocates won’t give up. And as far as we are concerned, the
brumbies will remain in the mountains. |
42:14 |
High
Country GVs. Kangaroos and horses |
Music
|
42:34 |
|
PAM
O’BRIEN, National Parks & Wildlife Service 1986-2021: If horses are
allowed to persist in these really sensitive areas, they're going to destroy
them. The Park is under significant threat from lots of different angles.
There's all these pressures on Kosciuszko National Park. And addition of
horses is just too much. |
42:46 |
O'Brien
100% |
So
the integrity of the park will suffer and we'll lose species and ecosystems,
and we won't get them back. |
43:09 |
High
Country GVs, sunset |
Music
|
43:17 |
|
RICHARD
SWAIN, Alpine River Guide: A national park should be something we are proud
of and it should be a joyous thing for all Australians and the rangers should
be looking after it and caring for it as it should be. |
43:27 |
Swain
100% |
But
for one group of people who got hung up on some books and a poem and a movie,
and like wearing a certain costume, we’re all suffering. This entire
community is suffering because of that. |
43:36 |
Credit
start [see below] |
|
44:00 |
Outpoint |
|
44:27 |
Feral
reporter
ADAM
HARVEY
producer
MARY
FALLON
researcher
LUCY
CARTER
editor
SIMON
BRYNJOLFFSSEN
additional
editing
MICHAEL
NETTLESHIP
post
production editor
JAMES BRAYE
assistant
editor
ANDREW
OTTLEY
camera
RYAN
SHERIDAN
sound
ROBERT
MACKAY
additional
vision
TOM
CROWLEY CINEMATOGRAPHY
GETTY
IMAGES
archive
producer
MICHELLE BADDILEY
designer
LINDSAY
DUNBAR
digital
producer
NICK
WIGGINS
social
media producer
HARRIET
TATHAM
publicity
PAUL
AKKERMANS
promotions
LAURA
MURRAY
sound
mixer
EVAN
HORTON
colourist
DAVID
DEVJAK
compile
JAMES BRAYE
theme
music
RICK
TURK
titles
LODI
KRAMER
production
coordinator
LYDIA
CHU
production
manager
WENDY
PURCHASE
supervising
producer
MORAG
RAMSAY
executive
producer
SALLY
NEIGHBOUR