POST
PRODUCTION
SCRIPT
Foreign
Correspondent
2022
Taking
Up Alms
28
mins 42 secs
©2022
ABC
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Harris Street Ultimo
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Box 9994
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Email:
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Precis
|
Across Thailand a quiet revolution is underway. Hundreds of women are defying generations of Thai tradition and
ordaining as Theravada Buddhist monks. "Woman can do it too, not only man. Men can say anything
they want, but if woman decide to do it, just go for it. Nothing going to
stop you." - Achara Ratanakasin, novice monk candidate. Under the current rules in Thailand, only men are officially
able to be ordained as monks. For women, it's forbidden. The governing body for monks, the Supreme Sangha Council,
maintains that women can't be ordained because female monks never existed in
Thailand. "The monk's law doesn't endorse them. Therefore, they can't
be ordained. If they are ordained, it is considered an offense to
Buddha." - Phra Thamkittimetee, Buddhist Protection Society of Thailand. At the forefront of this growing movement in Thailand is the
Venerable Dhammananda. In 2003, the former academic became the country's
first Theravada Buddhist female monk but to be ordained, she had to travel to
Sri Lanka. "We are asking for ordination, you are not giving it to us,
that's fine. So we go somewhere else." - Venerable Dhammananda
Bhikkhuni. As the Abbess of Thailand's first all-female monastery, she's
now offering temporary ordination to other women. In this moving episode of Foreign Correspondent, Southeast Asia
correspondent Mazoe Ford follows two Thai women as they embark on a deeply
spiritual quest to reclaim the saffron robe. "A new chapter is about to begin … it's probably the only
thing that I believe that can make me a better person." - Wanida 'Anne'
Lertpanyawai, novice monk candidate. "I keep telling them, you are part of this movement that is
going to be written down in history… we are on the right side of
history." - Venerable Dhammananda Bhikkhuni. |
|
Sunrise
over temple stupa |
Music
|
00:10 |
Female
monks collect alms |
MAZOE
FORD, Reporter: As dawn breaks each day across Thailand, one of the country’s
most important and revered traditions unfolds. Theravada Buddhist monks go
out on their morning alms rounds to give blessings in exchange for food. But
in a few neighbourhoods there’s a quiet revolution going on. The saffron
robes are worn by women. and the all-male Thai clergy is not happy. |
00:19 |
Thamkittimetee |
PHRA
THAMKITTIMETEE: The monks’ law doesn’t
recognise them, so they can’t be ordained. If they are ordained, it is
considered an offence, even an offence to buddha. |
00:56 |
Male
monks chant |
MAZOE
FORD, Reporter: Here in Thailand, only men can become fully ordained monks. |
01:02 |
Mazoe
to camera. Super: |
For
females, it’s forbidden, but there’s a growing movement of women challenging
this rule. They’re standing up to the patriarchy and fighting for spiritual
equality. |
01:07 |
Dhammananda |
DHAMMANANDA:
Thai women are very sweet and very tame, |
01:18 |
Dhammananda
100% |
and
I'm also sweet, but I'm not tame. |
01:22 |
Female
monks having hair cut |
MAZOE
FORD, Reporter: Women have found a loophole; they’re holding ordination
ceremonies of their own. And more and more candidates are signing up. |
01:25 |
Anne
100% |
ANNE
LERTPANYAWAI: My focus is really clear that I have to do this. |
01:33 |
Achara
100% |
ACHARA:
If people doesn’t like it, it’s their problem. |
01:39 |
Female
monks collect alms. Title: Taking Up Alms |
Music
|
01:42 |
Bangkok
GVs. Super: |
Music
|
01:50 |
|
MAZOE
FORD, Reporter: As pandemic restrictions ease in Thailand, the capital
Bangkok, is roaring back to life. |
02:02 |
Anne
boxing |
Anne
Lertpanyawai is getting back into the swing of things. But the quiet times
during COVID made her reassess everything. ANNE
LERTPANYAWAI: Every single day you get up at 5:30, you put on your makeup,
get dressed, go out, |
02:11 |
Anne
100% |
drive
to work. and then, yeah, clock in, clock out. |
02:35 |
Anne
doing yoga |
After
doing that life for many years, I just think, what's the next chapter, the
new journey of my life? |
02:39 |
|
Music
|
02:50 |
Anne
going to work |
MAZOE
FORD, Reporter: Anne works in life insurance and does enjoy her job. She’s
43, married and loves her family and friends, but she’s been searching for
more meaning. |
02:56 |
Anne
100% |
ANNE
LERTPANYAWAI: And when I turned like 40 and COVID came along, after that I
kind of think, oh yeah, probably I'm having a mid-life crisis. |
03:07 |
Anne
farewells work colleague |
MAZOE
FORD, Reporter: Today Anne's saying goodbye to work for a couple of weeks to
go and do something very few Thai women have done. She’s defying the Thai
clergy and going to be ordained as a novice monk. |
03:17 |
|
COLLEAGUE:
I'm surprised that Anne who is close to me, is doing this. I personally don’t
know anyone who’s wanted to do this before. |
03:33 |
|
MAZOE
FORD, Reporter: 95 per cent of Thailand's population is Buddhist, |
03:49 |
Photos.
Anne |
but
Anne comes from a Christian family. After her father died in an accident 20
years ago, |
03:53 |
Anne
and Tee at temple |
a
friend took her to a temple for the first time. Then, seven years ago, she
married Tee who’s a Buddhist. TEE:
I'm very proud she’s doing what she wants to do. |
03:59 |
|
MAZOE
FORD, Reporter: Over the years, Anne's interest in Buddha’s teachings has
grown. |
04:14 |
|
ANNE
LERTPANYAWAI: It's probably the only
thing that I believe that can make me a better person, self-development
starts with his teachings. |
04:20 |
|
MAZOE
FORD, Reporter: Keen to delve deeper she’s about to go into a female-only
monastery for 12 days. First though, one last family dinner before the strict
monastery routine begins. |
04:32 |
Mazoe
walks with Anne |
"Who
will I be meeting tonight?” ANNE
LERTPANYAWAI: This is like my mum birthday dinner, because her birthday is
coming up next week, but I will be away. So, my brother, my sister, my mother
and my husband will be here tonight. MAZOE
FORD, Reporter: And are you all close? ANNE
LERTPANYAWAI: Yeah, we are very close. a small, little family. |
04:46 |
|
MAZOE
FORD, Reporter: It’s important to Anne to have her family’s support. She
wants her ordination to bring them good karma. |
05:04 |
Anne
and family at restaurant |
|
05:10 |
|
MOTHER:
I never knew there were female monks. I only know male monks. |
05:15 |
|
MAZOE
FORD, Reporter: What do you think about your daughter doing this? |
05:21 |
|
MOTHER: I had some doubts. I was curious why she
wanted to get ordained. What was she thinking? But then I thought, she’s
determined to do it. I should let her do it. |
05:24 |
|
MAZOE
FORD, Reporter: What do you think about it? TEE: I was stunned at first. I was shocked. I
asked her, how long will you be ordained for? After she told me it was just a
short course, I was okay to let her go and study. |
05:36 |
|
SISTER:
: I told Anne, we are okay if you want to do this, you can be a monk, you can
be everything what you like, but you have Mum and you have husband, you have
to come back to the real life, not go forever. Whatever you want to do, just
go ahead. Do whatever you love, do what you do, but you have come back. |
05:56 |
|
MAZOE
FORD, Reporter: They all plan to go to the monastery for Anne's big
ordination day. |
05:15 |
|
"You
were saying you think you're going to be emotional too." ANNE
LERTPANYAWAI: I will, of course, will be like a baby. I don’t know, it’s a
beautiful moment deep inside my heart. |
06:20 |
|
BROTHER:
Happy tears. MAZOE
FORD, Reporter: Happy tears. ANNE
LERTPANYAWAI: Yeah, no hair. |
06:36 |
|
MAZOE
FORD, Reporter: If Anne was male none of this would be remarkable. Men ordain
as monks for short periods all the time in Thailand. It’s a rite of passage,
and a way to bring merit to their families for longer and happier lives. Only
a handful of women are doing it, but their movement’s growing. |
06:37 |
Mazoe
travelling to Ratchaburi |
Music
|
06:50 |
|
MAZOE
FORD, Reporter: I'm on my way to
Ratchaburi province, about 100 kilometres west of Bangkok, to meet another
woman signing up. |
07:02 |
Achara
greets Mazoe |
Achara
Ratanakasin wants to push the boundaries even further. To start as a novice,
but then go as high as the men do and become a fully ordained monk. |
07:14 |
|
So
all these established trees are your doing?
That’s beautiful. ACHARA:
And Tom was the once who decided the house and built the house. MAZOE
FORD, Reporter: Such a great house. Achara became a widow eight years ago
after her husband Tom died. |
07:31 |
Achara
100% |
ACHARA: I didn't expect it's going to happen. He
just, bang. He got heart attack. |
07:46 |
Achara
in house at altar |
MAZOE
FORD, Reporter: Their wonderful life together was over in an instant. ACHARA: When I first lost him, still like grief,
grieve |
07:51 |
|
and
just suffer, so what I did is start to chant. |
07:58 |
Achara
chants |
MAZOE
FORD, Reporter: Now at the age of 60, Achara’s devotion to Buddhism is
stronger than it’s ever been. After
two years as a novice, she plans to become a Bhikkhuni, the ancient Indian
term for a fully ordained female monk. ACHARA:
I decide to be a Bhikkhuni, because I feel like |
08:08 |
Achara
100% |
I
had enough with my life. I don't mean enough in term of give up my life, but
I have such a good life, and enjoy my life every day. But then there are
times that I feel suffer a lot after I lost my husband. |
08:28 |
Achara
with dogs |
But
I've been through it, because I pick up Buddha's teaching, and his teaching
can help us to stay away from suffering or help allay suffering. |
08:44 |
Achara
working on farm |
MAZOE
FORD, Reporter: As Achara prepares to move to the female monastery, there’s a
huge to do list at home, including some things she won’t be allowed to do
once she enters monastic life. The Buddhist text says monks can’t kill living
things, right down to ants so this is the last time she can work on the farm
like this. |
09:05 |
|
"Will
you miss this?" ACHARA:
Yes I think I do, I will. Because I been here for like 20 years and it’s my
home and it’s the only home that I have. |
09:34 |
Achara
packs suitcase |
Music
|
09:44 |
|
ACHARA:
I love this place and I said to myself how I going to walk away from what you
love. And this is the most difficult bit, to walk away from what you have, to
go to something, having nothing. Buddha said become a monk, it’s like you
become like a beggar and I think I look forward to my new life. |
09:53 |
Achara
100% |
I'm
ready for that. |
10:15 |
Achara
leaves farm |
MAZOE
FORD, Reporter: Achara's niece and her husband will take care of the farm
while she’s away and also plan to go to the monastery to support her
ordination. |
10:17 |
Temple |
In
Thailand, there are around two hundred and forty thousand male monks, but
only a few hundred women. The governing body for monks, the Supreme Sangha
Council, refuses to recognise them. It says female monks have never existed
in this country. Advocates, though, argue they’re trying to restore a
long-lost female monastic order started by the Lord Buddha himself when he
ordained his own stepmother. |
10:36 |
Mazoe
to camera |
The
first known attempt to introduce female monks in Thailand was back in the
late 1920s when an outspoken critic of the clergy arranged to have his two
daughters ordained. The Supreme Sangha Council was infuriated. The two women
were arrested and defrocked, and the council made an order banning Thailand's
male monks from ordaining women. That ban is still in place today. |
11:11 |
Stupa
and statue of Buddha |
Music
|
11:35 |
Mazoe
visits Thamkittimetee |
MAZOE
FORD, Reporter: The Supreme Sangha Council wouldn’t do an interview, so I've
come to meet a former member, senior monk Phra Thamkittimetee. |
11:39 |
|
"Can
you explain why the Supreme Sangha Council here in Thailand does not accept
women as monks?" |
11:50 |
Thamkittimetee
100% |
PHRA
THAMKITTIMETEE: The monks’ law doesn’t
recognise them, so they can’t be ordained. If they are ordained, it is
considered an offence, even an offence to Buddha. |
11:56 |
|
MAZOE
FORD, Reporter: Didn’t the Lord Buddha himself allow women to be ordained? |
12:06 |
|
PHRA
THAMKITTIMETEE: Yes, that's right. But
Buddha allowed that with conditions. In Thailand it’s considered that there
are no Bhikkhuni. With the absence of Bhikkhunis, monks can't ordain women to
become Bhikkhunis. |
12:09 |
Nakhom
Pathom |
MAZOE
FORD, Reporter: Anne and Achara aren’t discouraged by the ban. They’ll be
heading to Nakhom Pathom one of the oldest provinces in Thailand where
Theravada Buddhism was introduced from India more than 2,000 years ago. |
12:36 |
Wat
Songdhammakalyani, |
It’s
also home to Wat Songdhammakalyani, Thailand's first all-female monastery. A
monastery that’s not recognised by the religious authorities. |
12:51 |
Dhammananda
kneels before Buddha statue |
The
head is the venerable Dhammananda Bhikkhuni, the first Thai woman to take on
the powerful all-male clergy and be fully ordained as a Theravada Buddhist
monk. |
13:06 |
Dhammananda
greets Mazoe |
Thailand's
clergy refused to ordain her. |
13:21 |
Photos.
Dhammananda ordination |
Not
deterred, she went to Sri Lanka for the ceremony instead, where male monks
are willing to ordain women. DHAMMANANDA:
From our side, we are asking for ordination, |
13:26 |
Dhammananda
100% |
you
are not giving us, that's fine. So we go somewhere else. And then we come
back with the lineage. |
13:39 |
Dhammananda
and Mazoe in temple |
MAZOE
FORD, Reporter: You’ve been described as a rebel monk. Are you a rebel? DHAMMANANDA:
The buddha was a rebel. True. if you read the history of Buddhism, Buddha
also stood up against many things that he did not agree, you know. He gave up
social structure. That was such a
movement, you know, and to allow women to be ordained, such a movement. So
that’s the beauty of Buddhism. |
13:44 |
Maze
and Dhammananda walk in monastery grounds |
MAZOE
FORD, Reporter: The idea of becoming ordained didn’t occur to doctor,
Chatsumarn Kabilsingh until she was in her 50s. |
14:09 |
Photos.
Dhammananda before becoming monk, with family |
She
was happily married with grown up children, was a professor of religion and
philosophy at one of Thailand's top universities, and had even become a TV
personality. |
14:20 |
TV
excerpt |
Chatsumarn
Kabilsingh: "Men and women have the ability to reach enlightenment
equally." |
14:35 |
Dhammananda
100% |
DHAMMANANDA:
But then one day when I was putting on makeup, there was inner voice. Like
another person ask how long do I have to do this? That kind of lifestyle, that success in lay
life, success in building up wealth and glory in life. Very colourful, very
beautiful. Enough. |
14:40 |
|
MAZOE
FORD, Reporter: So you had a husband, three sons, a great career, a house,
you had it all. Was there something missing? |
15:02 |
|
DHAMMANANDA:
Yes, something was missing, true. |
15:10 |
Dhammananda
in monastery grounds |
And
I spent more than two decades feeling this strange loneliness, not fitting in
the world until the time when I was ordained. |
15:14 |
Dhammananda
100% |
That’s
it. This is what I was seeking for. This is the most meaningful part of my
life. |
15:28 |
GFX:
Newspaper headlines |
MAZOE
FORD, Reporter: But Thailand's first fully ordained female monk returned home
to a storm of criticism. SANITSUDA
EKACHAI: When she came back, she was fiercely attacked by the clergy and
people who didn’t really understand what she’s trying to do. The clergy saw
her move as a challenge |
15:35 |
Sanitsuda
100% |
of
their power. And they couldn’t accept women, you know, as equals. |
15:55 |
Sanitsuda
and Mazoe in garden |
MAZOE
FORD, Reporter: Sanitsuda Ekachai is a journalist who writes extensively
about Thai Buddhism. |
16:00 |
Sanitsuda
100% |
SANITSUDA
EKACHAI: Sexism is very deep rooted in
our culture. And organised religion in Thailand, organised Buddhism in
Thailand, is not free from that sexism. It is a totally male dominated system.
Buddhism in Thailand is tainted by this cultural belief that women are lower
than men, socially and spiritually. |
16:06 |
|
MAZOE
FORD, Reporter: You often hear this term "a boys club". Is the
monkhood a boys club? |
16:35 |
|
SANITSUDA
EKACHAI: All boys club, yes. Run by
old boys who live in the past and want to maintain it that way, because it’s
the system that maintains their power. |
16:39 |
Temple
complex. Monks in training |
MAZOE
FORD, Reporter: Temples for male monks are given substantial funds by the
Thai government. Boys who enter the monkhood receive a free education, making
it a path out of poverty for many. |
16:59 |
Thai
nuns |
Thai
women can become nuns, known as maechi, but they’re not held in the same
esteem as monks, receive no financial assistance and cannot be fully
ordained. |
17:14 |
Wat
Songdhammakalyani |
DHAMMANANDA:
Wat Songdhammakalyani. Kalyani means women, women who uphold dharma, women
who uphold the teaching of the Buddha. |
17:34 |
Novices
at Wat Songdhammakalyani |
MAZOE
FORD, Reporter: Anne and Achara are joining eleven other novice candidates at
Dhammanada Bhikkhuni’s monastery for three days of study and rehearsals
before ordination day. |
17:44 |
|
There
are chants to memorise and precepts to learn. There’s a strict routine around
eating, monks aren’t allowed meals after midday. |
17:58 |
|
And
there are chores to do, everyone pitches in. |
18:26 |
Anne
and Achara |
There’s
also time for contemplation. ANNE
LERTPANYAWAI: We have learnt a lot. We are getting into the process of
self-transformations; that’s what we learned from Dhammananda. |
18:34 |
|
MAZOE
FORD, Reporter: Dhammananda is leading by example - standing up against
sexism and showing that women can also be spiritual leaders. ACHARA:
A woman can do it too. |
18:48 |
|
Men
can say anything they want, but if someone, some woman decide to do it, just
go for it. Nothing going to stop you, right? Nothing going to stop you and
nothing should stop you. |
19:01 |
Male
monks |
MAZOE
FORD, Reporter: Phra Thamkittimetee
says the monkhood isn’t sexist, but he worries about the temptations that
might arise if women come into the fold. |
19:21 |
Thamkittimetee
100% |
PHRA
THAMKITTIMETEE: Even though it’s completely forbidden, there are still many
bad incidents of monks being involved with women. If they were to be in the same temple,
could they be prevented from being together? |
19:36 |
|
MAZOE
FORD, Reporter: Why couldn’t male monks just behave, as opposed to women
being banned? |
19:49 |
|
PHRA
THAMKITTIMETEE: It’s for both sides. Sometimes women can’t suppress
temptation and are in search of sex. If male monks can’t get rid of their
lust and forget the monastic disciplines, they’ll eventually end up having
sex. That will taint the religion’s image. |
19:53 |
GFX:
Newspaper headlines |
MAZOE
FORD, Reporter: That’s already happening. There have been a number of recent
saffron scandals, with sex or temple fraud at the centre of most. |
20:25 |
Male
monks |
Monk
numbers have dropped by around 50,000 in recent years, too. Dhammananda
believes the way to restore public faith in Buddhism and grow the religion is
to work together, but she says the Sangha Council won’t engage with her. |
20:36 |
Dhammananda
100% |
DHAMMANANDA:
They should appreciate what I do, but I'm afraid from a distance, you know,
looking from a distance they might see me as this outspoken nun, you know,
this very strong character, that kind of thing. Because in our culture, we
are very quiet and we are very tame. And I'm also sweet, but I'm not tame |
20:55 |
Achara
and Anne studying |
MAZOE
FORD, Reporter: It’s the eve of ordination for Achara and Anne. |
21:20 |
|
ANNE
LERTPANYAWAI: A new chapter is about to begin. The day comes, we made it, my journey
will be happening tomorrow. |
21:26 |
|
ACHARA:
This is something I've been waiting for a long time, and I feel good. |
21:37 |
Sunrise |
Music
|
21:48 |
Friends
and family arrive at monastery for ordination ceremony |
MAZOE
FORD, Reporter: Early the next morning, friends and families arrive at the
monastery. They’ll play a special role throughout the ordination ceremony. It
starts with the women seeking forgiveness from those closest to them. |
22:04 |
Anne
with mother |
ANNE
LERTPANYAWAI: Thank you. if I have done anything bad to you with or without
intention, in the present or in the past, please forgive me. |
22:27 |
Novices
have hair cut |
MAZOE
FORD, Reporter: The women’s hair is cut and their heads are shaved to symbolise
their rejection of ego and possessions. |
22:50 |
|
ANNE
LERTPANYAWAI: Two months ago I started to think, 'Oh my god, I need to shave
my hair. What will I look like?' I kind of get worried about my beauty. And then I'm just like, beauty is nothing
for me anymore. |
22:59 |
Anne
has head shaved |
Music
|
23:17 |
Ordination
ceremony |
MAZOE
FORD, Reporter: Ordination ceremonies happen regularly for men in Thailand,
and are usually far more elaborate. What’s happening here is understated, but
significant. |
23:46 |
|
DHAMMANANDA:
Each step you are certain, you are aware, you are aware that you are making a
history. I keep telling them, you know, |
24:00 |
Dhammananda |
that,
do you realise that you are part of this movement that is going to be written
down in the history. We are on the right side of history. |
24:10 |
Novices
with saffron robes |
MAZOE
FORD, Reporter: In Thailand, Buddhist women are told to wear white, never
saffron. But these women are
reclaiming the saffron robe. It’s the most important day of their spiritual
journey so far. |
24:31 |
Women
dressed in saffron robes |
The
women take their final vows committing to uphold the teachings of the Lord
Buddha. ANNE
LERTPANYAWAI: I have changed, |
25:15 |
Anne
100% dressed in saffron robe |
and
I am now become a daughter of Lord Buddha. Every single moment after this, I
need to be careful the way I think, the way I say, the way I act. I need to
be a good representative of Buddhism. |
25:28 |
Anne
and others at ceremony, receive alms dishes |
MAZOE
FORD, Reporter: She’ll stay at the monastery for another week before
returning home. ANNE
LERTPANYAWAI: I promised to myself, my family, and my husband, I can't just
leave them now, but in the future we never knows, because the futures haven't
come yet. |
25:49 |
|
MAZOE
FORD, Reporter: Achara is clear about what she wants for her future to travel
– to Sri Lanka for full ordination like Dhammananda did. |
26:07 |
Achara
100% |
ACHARA:
I think I got to go. Whatever it takes, I will do it. Yeah, I will do
it. |
26:15 |
Sunrise |
Music
|
26:21 |
Women
collect alms from community |
Music
|
26:33 |
|
MAZOE
FORD, Reporter: The community around Dhammananda’s monastery has embraced the
women in saffron robes. The morning after ordination locals are waiting to
offer the new novices food and other essentials for simple blessings. |
26:39 |
|
VILLAGE
MAN: Generally, they do the same activities as monks. They uphold the
precepts and do alms as well. They should be recognised. |
26:57 |
|
MAZOE
FORD, Reporter: Do you feel more comfortable talking to a Bhikkhuni? VILLAGE
WOMAN: Yes, because we're woman, we're the same gender. With monks, we must
keep our distance. It’s more difficult to approach them. |
27:12 |
|
MAZOE
FORD, Reporter: These women are determined to walk their own spiritual paths
and they’re not waiting for permission from anyone in the clergy to do it.
Instead, they hope the Thai people will recognise them as they devote their
lives to their faith. |
27:24 |
|
DHAMMANANDA:
Things will change. In the teaching of Buddhism, also nothing remains, so it
will also change. MAZOE
FORD, Reporter: Do you think you'll see that change in your lifetime? DHAMMANANDA: I didn't think that I would see Bhikkhuni
in my lifetime. So, yes, it might happen in my lifetime. |
27:49 |
Dhammananda
100% |
I
need to live long. |
28:08 |
Anne
bows to camera |
|
28:11 |
Achara
looks to camera. |
|
28:19 |
Outpoint:
|
|
28:42 |
Credits
REPORTER
Mazoe Ford
PRODUCERS
Supattra Vimonsuknopparat
Anne Worthington
CAMERA
David Maguire
EDITOR
Leah Donovan
POST
PRODUCER
Sue Spencer
ADDITIONAL
CAMERA
Leo James
GRAPHICS
Andrés Gómez Isaza
ASSISTANT
EDITOR
Tom Carr
FIXERS
Suchada Phoisaat
Nat Sumon
ARCHIVAL
RESEARCH
Michelle Boukheris
SENIOR
PRODUCTION MANAGER
Michelle Roberts
PRODUCTION
CO-ORDINATOR
Victoria Allen
DIGITAL
PRODUCER
Matt Henry
SUPERVISING
PRODUCER
Lisa McGregor
EXECUTIVE
PRODUCER
Morag Ramsay
Foreign Correspondent
abc.net.au/foreign
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2022 Australian Broadcasting Corporation