1

00:00:21,677 --> 00:00:23,826

Mohammad looks good here.

 

2

00:00:49,461 --> 00:00:57,136

This our Khuzestan region, the

winter quarter we call Garmsir.

 

3

00:00:58,541 --> 00:01:03,843

This is Dez and the

watchtower. This is Dez Castle.

 

4

00:01:07,538 --> 00:01:12,727

This is me. And Mohammadyar

who passed away.

 

5

00:01:13,238 --> 00:01:20,330

My wife and son, Mohammad, in

the cradle. He has two sons now.

 

6

00:01:22,251 --> 00:01:28,119

My mother making

yoghurt drink in a skin bag.

 

7

00:01:33,447 --> 00:01:38,748

My father, catching the goats,

and the women milking them.

 

8

00:01:39,548 --> 00:01:42,340

And our sheep.

 

9

00:01:50,336 --> 00:01:53,769

HOMECOMING

 

10

00:01:54,156 --> 00:01:57,539

A Film by Farhad Varahram

 

11

00:02:11,064 --> 00:02:17,816

<i>After the fall of the ancient city Parsumash or

Masjed Suleiman, the flames in its fire-temple died.</i>

 

12

00:02:18,716 --> 00:02:22,162

<i>The rising again of Masjed

Suleiman with the discovery of oil,</i>

 

13

00:02:22,335 --> 00:02:28,386

<i>changed dramatically the fate of the town and the

economic and social life of Iran and the Middle East.</i>

 

14

00:02:31,356 --> 00:02:36,331

<i>But this time, the founders of the town were not

the shepherds who'd descended from the mountains,</i>

 

15

00:02:36,671 --> 00:02:43,867

<i>but the city-dwelling and industrialist foreigners

who had immigrated over the faraway seas.</i>

 

16

00:02:46,054 --> 00:02:50,546

<i>Until before the discovery of oil,

Masjed Suleiman was called Jahangiri.</i>

 

17

00:02:50,766 --> 00:02:57,424

<i>In autumn and winter, some

Bakhtiyari Tribes camped in the region...</i>

 

18

00:02:57,764 --> 00:03:01,804

<i>...or around the old fire-temple

called Sofeh Sar Masjed.</i>

 

19

00:03:01,975 --> 00:03:03,648

<i>After the weather became warm,</i>

 

20

00:03:03,868 --> 00:03:08,664

<i>they migrated to their summer

quarter on the heights of Mt Zard Kuh.</i>

 

21

00:03:09,808 --> 00:03:18,187

<i>In 19th century, the English were informed

of the pools where natural asphalt oozed,</i>

 

22

00:03:18,539 --> 00:03:22,027

<i>by the historical documents

and travelling to Masjed Suleiman.</i>

 

23

00:03:22,527 --> 00:03:29,314

<i>William Knox D'Arcy, the capitalist in Australia,

expressed willingness to explore oil in Iran,</i>

 

24

00:03:29,470 --> 00:03:32,620

<i>and he dispatched Engineer

Reynolds to the region.</i>

 

25

00:03:38,197 --> 00:03:46,846

<i>Digging of the first well began in

Masjed Suleiman on 24th January 1908.</i>

 

26

00:03:48,305 --> 00:03:53,585

<i>The drilling bit hit the earth in Masjed

Suleiman nonstop around the clock...</i>

 

27

00:03:53,728 --> 00:03:57,026

<i>...until the smell of

gas was felt gradually.</i>

 

28

00:03:59,136 --> 00:04:09,163

<i>Ten days later, on 26 May 1908, the

drilling bit hit the last blow on a rock...</i>

 

29

00:04:09,301 --> 00:04:12,504

<i>...and at the depth of 360 m,</i>

 

30

00:04:12,655 --> 00:04:17,451

<i>and oil spurted out forcibly

from Well 1 in Masjed Suleiman.</i>

 

31

00:04:17,884 --> 00:04:21,836

<i>Seven days later,

Well 2 reached oil too.</i>

 

32

00:04:43,648 --> 00:04:48,854

<i>After discovery of oil, Anglo-Persian

Oil Company purchased...</i>

 

33

00:04:48,996 --> 00:04:51,371

<i>...a large part of Garmsir

region from Bakhtiyari Khans,</i>

 

34

00:04:51,597 --> 00:04:56,677

<i>and rented Abadan Island from

Sheik Khaz'al for oil transportation.</i>

 

35

00:04:57,471 --> 00:05:01,205

<i>Masjed Suleiman was

formed in Khersan Valley.</i>

 

36

00:05:01,659 --> 00:05:05,288

<i>After digging new wells, the

English constructed many buildings...</i>

 

37

00:05:05,517 --> 00:05:10,305

<i>...for the European, Indian, and Iranian

staff, and when the work intensified,</i>

 

38

00:05:10,614 --> 00:05:17,444

<i>many people came to Masjed Suleiman,

and it became crowded and flourished.</i>

 

39

00:05:19,391 --> 00:05:23,714

<i>Some of Bakhtiyari

tribes quit migratory life...</i>

 

40

00:05:23,854 --> 00:05:27,999

<i>...and began working as

simple workers in the oil industry.</i>

 

41

00:05:28,552 --> 00:05:35,841

<i>The nomad workers were trained

in various technical workshops too.</i>

 

42

00:05:38,018 --> 00:05:45,257

<i>Like their camps in summer and winter quarters

where a few families erected their tents closely,</i>

 

43

00:05:45,420 --> 00:05:51,246

<i>the nomad workers built a neighbourhood in

Masjed Suleiman and named it after their tribe.</i>

 

44

00:05:56,569 --> 00:06:04,863

<i>Merian C. Cooper and Ernest B. Schoedsack,

two American adventurers who has survived WWI,</i>

 

45

00:06:05,025 --> 00:06:11,992

<i>together with Marguerite A. Harrison were interested

in making a film about the unknown lands in the east,</i>

 

46

00:06:12,175 --> 00:06:15,435

<i>where few strangers

had ever been.</i>

 

47

00:06:17,335 --> 00:06:20,817

<i>First they tried to make a

film about the Kurds in Turkey,</i>

 

48

00:06:20,972 --> 00:06:23,778

<i>but Atatürk government

didn't allow it,</i>

 

49

00:06:23,996 --> 00:06:29,961

<i>so they went to Aleppo

and then to Baghdad.</i>

 

50

00:06:38,705 --> 00:06:44,170

<i>Sir Arnold Wilson, Iranologist and

British civil commissioner in Baghdad,</i>

 

51

00:06:44,305 --> 00:06:46,509

<i>and Gertrude

Margaret Lowthian Bell,</i>

 

52

00:06:46,696 --> 00:06:51,052

<i>traveller and British political

advisor and translator of Hafiz poems,</i>

 

53

00:06:51,280 --> 00:06:57,075

<i>suggested to Cooper's team to make a film

about the migration of Bakhtiyari tribe.</i>

 

54

00:06:57,666 --> 00:07:01,609

<i>Sir Arnold Wilson introduced

Cooper's team to Mohammad Taqi Khan,</i>

 

55

00:07:01,814 --> 00:07:04,855

<i>Minister of War and

chief of Bakhtiyari tribe.</i>

 

56

00:07:05,238 --> 00:07:10,854

<i>He asked his son Rahim Khan to introduce Cooper's

team to the camp of his nephew Heidar Khan,</i>

 

57

00:07:11,016 --> 00:07:14,901

<i>the headman of a

Baba Ahmadi family,</i>

 

58

00:07:15,077 --> 00:07:18,314

<i>so he would accompany

them on their vernal migration.</i>

 

59

00:07:21,290 --> 00:07:30,966

<i>The film GRASS: A Nation's Battle for

Life was first screened in the US in 1925.</i>

 

60

00:07:31,882 --> 00:07:34,899

<i>At the end of the journey, the

Minister of War of Bakhtiyari Tribe...</i>

 

61

00:07:35,062 --> 00:07:38,220

<i>...and Major Robert Whitney

Imbrie, the US Vice Consul,</i>

 

62

00:07:38,407 --> 00:07:42,704

<i>confirmed accompaniment of

Cooper's team with Bakhtiyari tribe.</i>

 

63

00:07:47,547 --> 00:07:53,748

<i>We wanted to portray the real battle of

a migrating nation on the cinema screen.</i>

 

64

00:07:54,362 --> 00:07:59,043

<i>To do that, we had to

accompany one of the tribes,</i>

 

65

00:07:59,235 --> 00:08:03,082

<i>that lived on the mountains

from the Black Sea to Persian Gulf.</i>

 

66

00:08:03,664 --> 00:08:09,760

<i>The film GRASS is the story of the constant battle of

Bakhtiyari tribe with the nature to reach pastures.</i>

 

67

00:08:10,144 --> 00:08:16,450

<i>We were among the first who joined Baba Ahmadi

family of Bakhtiyari tribe in this battle.</i>

 

68

00:08:22,895 --> 00:08:26,855

<i>The nomads' migration began

from Jahangiri region in Khuzestan.</i>

 

69

00:08:27,096 --> 00:08:30,859

<i>They camped on the banks

of River Karun the next day.</i>

 

70

00:08:30,968 --> 00:08:36,154

<i>After trying hard for six days, the

nomads succeeded in crossing River Karun.</i>

 

71

00:08:36,454 --> 00:08:40,124

<i>After crossing Karun and

stopping at many camps,</i>

 

72

00:08:40,282 --> 00:08:44,431

<i>and after travelling for

about 400 km in 46 days,</i>

 

73

00:08:44,607 --> 00:08:50,049

<i>we ended our journey through a route called

Taraz in the last camp in Dineh region...</i>

 

74

00:08:50,243 --> 00:08:57,000

<i>...in the summer territory of Baba Ahmadi

Family on the northern heights of Mt Zard Kuh.</i>

 

75

00:09:03,262 --> 00:09:09,951

<i>The film GRASS is the story of the constant battle of

Bakhtiyari tribe with the nature to reach pastures.</i>

 

76

00:09:10,116 --> 00:09:17,057

<i>As far as I know, we are the first people who

accompanied Baba Ahmadi Family of Bakhtiyari tribe.</i>

 

77

00:09:21,585 --> 00:09:25,915

<i>Heidar Khan gave a summarised description

of the migration to Cooper in this way:</i>

 

78

00:09:26,446 --> 00:09:38,320

<i>All Bakhtiyari tribes take five routes to reach from

Garmsir in Khuzestan to the heights of Mt Zard Kuh.</i>

 

79

00:09:39,013 --> 00:09:44,424

<i>The route we use,

Taraz, is the hardest.</i>

 

80

00:09:50,465 --> 00:09:52,628

<i>I haven't written

anything for a week.</i>

 

81

00:09:52,732 --> 00:09:59,399

<i>We have reached the turbulent River Karun, and

I'm so excited that I can't write anything.</i>

 

82

00:09:59,618 --> 00:10:03,282

<i>What has happened

is undoubtedly a battle.</i>

 

83

00:10:03,440 --> 00:10:10,616

<i>But I can never imagine a bigger victory over the

nature except the crossing of the river by the migrants.</i>

 

84

00:10:11,180 --> 00:10:16,138

<i>Karun has a width of 800 m

here with its fast flowing water...</i>

 

85

00:10:16,255 --> 00:10:21,613

<i>...supplied by the snow

water from hundreds of peaks.</i>

 

86

00:10:22,150 --> 00:10:24,031

<i>The river water is cold,</i>

 

87

00:10:24,245 --> 00:10:30,699

<i>and its whirlpools pass different

levels that increase the speed of water.</i>

 

88

00:10:31,241 --> 00:10:34,119

<i>The river lacks a

bridge or any boat.</i>

 

89

00:10:34,311 --> 00:10:39,566

<i>On this side of the river, 5000 people

including women, children, and babies,</i>

 

90

00:10:39,649 --> 00:10:43,737

<i>with all their stuff, and 50

000 animals are ready to pass.</i>

 

91

00:10:43,867 --> 00:10:48,168

<i>They must all cross the river as

fast as possible without any boat,</i>

 

92

00:10:48,334 --> 00:10:52,881

<i>because the pastures on this

side of the river lack any grass...</i>

 

93

00:10:53,035 --> 00:10:55,955

<i>...and crossing the river

has become a vital necessity.</i>

 

94

00:11:55,402 --> 00:11:58,648

<i>Marguerite Harrison who'd

been able to learn a little Persian...</i>

 

95

00:11:58,836 --> 00:12:02,386

<i>...was in constant contact with the

nomad women, man, and children,</i>

 

96

00:12:02,541 --> 00:12:05,544

<i>and wrote in her memoirs

about Lotfi, Heidar Khan's son,</i>

 

97

00:12:05,677 --> 00:12:10,307

<i>who was called

Lofteh by the nomads.</i>

 

98

00:12:10,477 --> 00:12:16,076

<i>"I looked at the working women during the

day and I'd made friends with the children.</i>

 

99

00:12:16,188 --> 00:12:19,138

<i>The nine-year-old Lotfi, the

oldest son of Heidar Khan,</i>

 

100

00:12:19,275 --> 00:12:21,534

<i>respected his father deeply.</i>

 

101

00:12:21,670 --> 00:12:26,049

<i>His clothes were exactly like his

father's, but in a much smaller size.</i>

 

102

00:12:26,173 --> 00:12:30,458

<i>He'd learnt how to hold a

gun, shoot, and ride a horse."</i>

 

103

00:12:59,844 --> 00:13:02,729

<i>When were you born, Mr Lotfi?</i>

 

104

00:13:03,996 --> 00:13:08,644

They didn't care about

dates or IDs at that time.

 

105

00:13:09,067 --> 00:13:11,525

But my mother

told me it was 1816.

 

106

00:13:12,949 --> 00:13:19,105

We were the true descendants

of Minister of War Sardar As'ad,

 

107

00:13:20,480 --> 00:13:26,629

his younger brother was the War Lord,

Brigadier Bahador too, Manoochehr Khan,

 

108

00:13:26,859 --> 00:13:30,699

they were all children of

Hajj Ali Khan Bakhtiyari.

 

109

00:13:30,854 --> 00:13:34,365

<i>How old was he?

He became sick or--</i>

 

110

00:13:34,674 --> 00:13:38,439

He got sick. There wasn't

a doctor or clinic near.

 

111

00:13:38,605 --> 00:13:40,221

He got jaundice.

 

112

00:13:40,575 --> 00:13:43,607

<i>How many years after his

death you continued migrating?</i>

 

113

00:13:43,729 --> 00:13:49,914

The year "Settlement" was

enforced on Reza Shah's order.

 

114

00:13:52,174 --> 00:13:58,259

Everybody was free to stay

at summer or winter quarter,

 

115

00:13:58,423 --> 00:14:04,885

but they shouldn't migrate.

 

116

00:14:07,426 --> 00:14:11,734

<i>- Which one did you choose?</i>

- Dineh.

 

117

00:14:11,836 --> 00:14:13,440

<i>Dineh Spring in

the summer quarter.</i>

 

118

00:14:13,560 --> 00:14:20,074

We built buildings, we lived

there, stayed under the snow.

 

119

00:14:22,101 --> 00:14:26,391

Captain Cooper and Schoedsack

with a woman, Harrison.

 

120

00:14:26,607 --> 00:14:32,089

They were travellers.

They chose my father.

 

121

00:14:32,534 --> 00:14:39,188

He said he'd accept on some

conditions. They accepted any condition.

 

122

00:14:39,991 --> 00:14:42,253

He wanted a translator first.

 

123

00:14:42,741 --> 00:14:50,681

Mirza Mohammad Booshehri

was chosen to interpret.

 

124

00:14:52,135 --> 00:15:01,042

He said to give them 10 mules

for their equipment and staff.

 

125

00:15:05,906 --> 00:15:11,438

And some money for their life

expenses. And they must eat our food.

 

126

00:15:14,022 --> 00:15:16,205

They accepted.

 

127

00:15:16,888 --> 00:15:22,798

My uncles consulted

what day to set out.

 

128

00:15:23,442 --> 00:15:28,489

They chose a few

to work for them too.

 

129

00:15:28,655 --> 00:15:35,825

One was to make tea

and warming water.

 

130

00:15:37,310 --> 00:15:44,571

Cooper and Schoedsack

wanted Bakhtiyari clothes.

 

131

00:15:45,652 --> 00:15:53,401

They made scarf, cloak, hat, trousers,

and shoes for them in Shushtar.

 

132

00:15:54,242 --> 00:15:56,403

They bought them for them.

 

133

00:15:56,868 --> 00:16:17,011

Schoedsack had someone

who was always with him.

 

134

00:16:17,296 --> 00:16:30,612

A Davood carried

the tripod for them.

 

135

00:16:30,805 --> 00:16:35,969

They got a few women to

bake bread and cook food.

 

136

00:16:36,368 --> 00:16:43,900

Only my mother was against their

filming and they never recorded her.

 

137

00:16:46,155 --> 00:16:55,763

They wanted to record her but she'd

cover her face and passed them by.

 

138

00:16:57,574 --> 00:17:02,348

We went to Taraz.

 

139

00:17:02,888 --> 00:17:11,266

When they passed Hezar Cham

[1000 Twists], they'd join routes again.

 

140

00:17:47,475 --> 00:17:53,259

<i>Which route did you take

when you crossed Bazoft?</i>

 

141

00:17:53,355 --> 00:17:55,836

Mt Zard Kuh, Kandeh Shir.

 

142

00:17:55,987 --> 00:18:02,780

There was too much

rain and snow that year.

 

143

00:18:04,094 --> 00:18:11,144

We were delayed to

make a path in Zard Kuh.

 

144

00:18:12,197 --> 00:18:20,190

After opening a way

with so much hard work,

 

145

00:18:20,317 --> 00:18:26,512

we'd go to Kuhrang and

Chahar Mahal Va Bakhtiyari.

 

146

00:18:57,884 --> 00:19:03,300

<i>- How Cooper treated the nomads?</i>

- Very friendly, very good.

 

147

00:19:03,482 --> 00:19:09,350

Especially those who'd

been together for some time.

 

148

00:19:10,503 --> 00:19:14,596

The other, Schoedsack,

only recorded.

 

149

00:19:15,660 --> 00:19:19,690

Miss Harrison helped them

with medicine and such stuff?

 

150

00:19:19,857 --> 00:19:23,072

If there was any.

 

151

00:19:24,522 --> 00:19:29,455

They'd given her a mule.

 

152

00:19:29,609 --> 00:19:32,824

As soon as she arrived and got

off, she'd say, "Naz Ali, warm water!"

 

153

00:19:32,944 --> 00:19:39,168

She had a tent of her own

where she lived and bathed.

 

154

00:19:39,767 --> 00:19:44,944

Another tent for

the two foreigners.

 

155

00:19:46,217 --> 00:19:48,714

You didn't learn any English

from Cooper or others?

 

156

00:19:48,847 --> 00:19:50,781

A word or something?

 

157

00:19:51,129 --> 00:19:53,749

I learnt the English alphabet.

 

158

00:19:53,867 --> 00:19:58,296

- I mean the time Cooper joined the migration.

- He taught us.

 

159

00:19:58,397 --> 00:20:02,806

- During the migration?

- Yes, he taught us A, B, C.

 

160

00:20:03,082 --> 00:20:07,809

- You talked comfortably?

- Yes, we did.

 

161

00:20:12,538 --> 00:20:19,565

He said Heidar Han

instead of Heidar Khan!

 

162

00:20:21,059 --> 00:20:26,443

When they said goodbye and

left, they didn't contact you again?

 

163

00:20:27,034 --> 00:20:29,239

Sending a letter or a photo?

 

164

00:20:29,496 --> 00:20:36,182

They'd published a book and he sent

it. Manoochehr Khan took the book.

 

165

00:20:36,302 --> 00:20:38,585

- What was the book's language?

- English.

 

166

00:20:39,860 --> 00:20:47,192

<i>While crossing Karun, Cooper wrote in

his memoirs about Lotfi, Heidar Khan's son.</i>

 

167

00:20:48,285 --> 00:20:51,901

<i>My interpreter Mohammad and I

were sitting beside Heidar Khan.</i>

 

168

00:20:52,435 --> 00:20:55,500

<i>Lotfi, his youngest

son, was sick.</i>

 

169

00:20:55,903 --> 00:21:00,883

<i>I thought maybe he'd got sick

because we kept him long...</i>

 

170

00:21:01,096 --> 00:21:03,572

<i>...in the cold water of

Karun to record him.</i>

 

171

00:21:03,840 --> 00:21:08,491

<i>So I told Heidar, "I'm really

sorry we made your son sick."</i>

 

172

00:21:09,802 --> 00:21:10,974

<i>"It's nothing.</i>

 

173

00:21:11,204 --> 00:21:14,055

<i>Nomads don't care

about cold, wind, rain.</i>

 

174

00:21:14,202 --> 00:21:16,390

<i>Townspeople are

afraid of such things."</i>

 

175

00:21:18,408 --> 00:21:21,751

<i>Before the beginning of the

migration and crossing Karun,</i>

 

176

00:21:21,877 --> 00:21:26,306

<i>Rahim Khan talked about himself

and his tribe to Cooper's team.</i>

 

177

00:21:27,363 --> 00:21:30,366

<i>Marguerite Harrison

wrote in her memoirs,</i>

 

178

00:21:31,461 --> 00:21:33,170

<i>"Talking to Rahim Khan,</i>

 

179

00:21:33,370 --> 00:21:35,991

<i>I found out he had studied

in Beirut American College...</i>

 

180

00:21:36,131 --> 00:21:38,546

<i>...and in addition

to learning English,</i>

 

181

00:21:38,816 --> 00:21:44,731

<i>he was very eager to see other

countries, especially the United States.</i>

 

182

00:21:45,138 --> 00:21:52,536

<i>But his impression of our country was limited

to New York, Broadway, American girls, and jazz.</i>

 

183

00:21:58,616 --> 00:22:03,361

<i>When I suggested he use his

knowledge to better the life of the nomads,</i>

 

184

00:22:03,632 --> 00:22:05,881

<i>he shrugged and said,</i>

 

185

00:22:06,832 --> 00:22:09,472

<i>'My people are

satisfied with their life.</i>

 

186

00:22:09,617 --> 00:22:12,156

<i>Why should I try to change that?</i>

 

187

00:22:12,282 --> 00:22:14,416

<i>This tribe is happy

with this way,</i>

 

188

00:22:14,572 --> 00:22:19,924

<i>and they live in the same way that

their ancestors lived centuries ago.</i>

 

189

00:22:21,110 --> 00:22:24,500

<i>There will finally come the time

that civilisation imposes itself on them,</i>

 

190

00:22:24,653 --> 00:22:28,409

<i>but I doubt they will feel more

happiness even at that time.</i>

 

191

00:22:29,587 --> 00:22:34,052

<i>I am educated and it has

made me dissatisfied with my life.</i>

 

192

00:22:34,191 --> 00:22:36,860

<i>My education has not

helped me the least.</i>

 

193

00:22:37,989 --> 00:22:39,995

<i>What life do I have here!</i>

 

194

00:22:40,118 --> 00:22:44,440

<i>I must sit in the tent all day

and say to punish that man...</i>

 

195

00:22:44,709 --> 00:22:48,313

<i>...or the killer must pay 50

sheep and thousands of rials?</i>

 

196

00:22:49,746 --> 00:22:54,441

<i>What I learnt in your American

school are no use to this people.</i>

 

197

00:22:55,310 --> 00:23:00,434

<i>They don't care about republic,

vote, or equality of the rights.</i>

 

198

00:23:01,398 --> 00:23:05,860

<i>Their life is this and they

like to sleep on hard ground,</i>

 

199

00:23:06,097 --> 00:23:09,902

<i>eat by the fire, and

fight other tribes.</i>

 

200

00:23:10,072 --> 00:23:12,145

<i>What use is

civilisation to them?</i>

 

201

00:23:13,274 --> 00:23:17,011

<i>They need a strong,

cruel, and tough man.</i>

 

202

00:23:17,332 --> 00:23:22,270

<i>Someone who tells them what to

do or he'll have them beaten to death.</i>

 

203

00:23:22,975 --> 00:23:27,149

<i>I am a Bakhtiyari but I know

many things about America.</i>

 

204

00:23:27,502 --> 00:23:30,981

<i>Let's swap places. You

become the head of Bakhtiyaris,</i>

 

205

00:23:31,227 --> 00:23:36,026

<i>and I'll go to the theatres in

Broadway and dance with your girls.'"</i>

 

206

00:23:38,837 --> 00:23:43,770

<i>Rahim Khan tells Cooper about the income

of the Ilkhan and other Bakhtiyari chiefs,</i>

 

207

00:23:44,321 --> 00:23:50,188

<i>"All this land with all its 200 villages

belong to my uncle, the Bakhtiyari Ilkhan.</i>

 

208

00:23:50,433 --> 00:23:56,698

<i>He receives $40 000 rent annually

from Anglo-Persian Oil Company...</i>

 

209

00:23:56,989 --> 00:23:59,976

<i>...whose resources are

located on Bakhtiyari land.</i>

 

210

00:24:00,114 --> 00:24:05,666

<i>He gets $25 000 for

1/13th of the shares' profit.</i>

 

211

00:24:05,792 --> 00:24:10,750

<i>His total annual

income is $65 000."</i>

 

212

00:24:16,788 --> 00:24:20,395

<i>When Cooper's team migrated

with Baba Ahmadi family,</i>

 

213

00:24:20,635 --> 00:24:25,268

<i>18 years passed from the signing of the

Constitutionalism order by Mozaffar ed-Din Shah Qajar...</i>

 

214

00:24:25,428 --> 00:24:31,348

<i>...and 4 years from the 22nd February

1921 coup d'état by Reza Khan.</i>

 

215

00:24:32,174 --> 00:24:35,421

<i>Marguerite Harrison

wrote in her memoirs,</i>

 

216

00:24:35,719 --> 00:24:42,432

<i>"Bakhtiyari tribe left their territory 15

years ago and attacked Esfahan and Tehran,</i>

 

217

00:24:42,995 --> 00:24:47,537

<i>and united with other forces,</i>

 

218

00:24:47,738 --> 00:24:51,956

<i>dethroned the despot king and

established Constitutionalism in Iran.</i>

 

219

00:24:53,178 --> 00:24:59,533

<i>After that, a Bakhtiyari khan, Sardar

As'ad, took the Prime Minister's office,</i>

 

220

00:24:59,674 --> 00:25:06,164

<i>and his relatives were appointed to numerous

posts including the governorate of many provinces.</i>

 

221

00:25:06,582 --> 00:25:12,149

<i>Since then, the khans of this tribe

ruled as they willed independently."</i>

 

222

00:25:13,333 --> 00:25:18,280

<i>Cooper wrote in his memoirs about

the coming of Reza Khan to the power,</i>

 

223

00:25:18,461 --> 00:25:23,721

<i>"Three or four years ago, a powerful man,

Reza Khan, became known and took power.</i>

 

224

00:25:23,835 --> 00:25:27,064

<i>He is now Minister of

War and Prime Minister.</i>

 

225

00:25:27,890 --> 00:25:32,566

<i>With 40 000 trained and fully armed

soldiers, he controls the capital...</i>

 

226

00:25:32,701 --> 00:25:35,876

<i>...and he has recently ordered

the disarmament of Bakhtiyari tribe,</i>

 

227

00:25:36,008 --> 00:25:41,467

<i>and fearing him, they have

retreated to their mountainous territory.</i>

 

228

00:25:42,368 --> 00:25:49,754

<i>Reza Khan has sent a message that if the nomads do

not put down their guns, he will force them to do so.</i>

 

229

00:25:50,990 --> 00:25:55,663

<i>After dinner, we began talking with

the help of our interpreter, Mohammad.</i>

 

230

00:25:56,264 --> 00:26:01,975

<i>Dethronement of the Qajar shah

and establishment of a republic...</i>

 

231

00:26:02,106 --> 00:26:04,249

<i>...have become a big

sensation all over Iran."</i>

 

232

00:26:05,737 --> 00:26:09,386

<i>Heidar Khan and some men

asked Marguerite Harrison...</i>

 

233

00:26:09,565 --> 00:26:16,445

<i>...what was the republic they were talking about and

was it true all European countries were republics.</i>

 

234

00:26:16,579 --> 00:26:22,527

<i>No, some countries are still monarchies and

there is even a country ruled by a woman.</i>

 

235

00:26:22,874 --> 00:26:27,270

<i>As soon as they heard it,

they were all dumbfounded.</i>

 

236

00:26:27,577 --> 00:26:33,711

<i>Everybody said something but the thoughtful face

of Heidar remained unchanged for a long time.</i>

 

237

00:26:34,169 --> 00:26:38,027

<i>At last he began talking and

asked, "What does her man do?"</i>

 

238

00:26:38,145 --> 00:26:40,317

<i>Nothing! He doesn't

have any power.</i>

 

239

00:26:40,443 --> 00:26:42,207

<i>He is only her husband.</i>

 

240

00:26:50,175 --> 00:26:54,382

<i>Numerous bridges have

been built on River Karun now.</i>

 

241

00:26:54,865 --> 00:26:58,680

<i>Where Cooper crossed

Karun with Bakhtiyari nomads,</i>

 

242

00:26:58,839 --> 00:27:03,296

<i>a bridge has been built and

the nomads cross the river easily.</i>

 

243

00:27:03,522 --> 00:27:08,189

<i>Most probably, none of them remembers

that their parents had to cross...</i>

 

244

00:27:08,367 --> 00:27:17,545

<i>...the turbulent waters of Karun once in

spring and once in autumn every year.</i>

 

245

00:27:18,970 --> 00:27:24,728

<i>And they have not even been told the man who

was killed by the white waters of Karun...</i>

 

246

00:27:24,892 --> 00:27:28,488

<i>...and Cooper mentioned it in his memoirs

might have been the grandfather of...</i>

 

247

00:27:28,675 --> 00:27:31,338

<i>...one of the

migrating nomads now.</i>

 

248

00:27:31,670 --> 00:27:38,156

<i>Or they don't know the man with strange

equipment who travelled with them for 43 days...</i>

 

249

00:27:38,291 --> 00:27:44,216

<i>...and recorded some moments in the life

of their grandfathers in the migration.</i>

 

250

00:28:00,670 --> 00:28:05,972

<i>After passing the bill to nationalise

the forests and pastures in early 1960s,</i>

 

251

00:28:06,258 --> 00:28:10,275

<i>the pastures and forests that belonged

to Bakhtiyari tribes for centuries,</i>

 

252

00:28:10,474 --> 00:28:14,522

<i>and exploiting them and setting the time for

migration were supervised by the chiefs of the tribe,</i>

 

253

00:28:14,680 --> 00:28:19,089

<i>sheriffs, and headmen, were

owned by the government.</i>

 

254

00:28:20,740 --> 00:28:25,062

<i>After the law was enforced,

the nomads ploughed...</i>

 

255

00:28:25,155 --> 00:28:29,797

<i>...a large part of the pastures in the warm

region and a small part in the cold region,</i>

 

256

00:28:29,947 --> 00:28:34,628

<i>and sowed wheat and barley to

maintain ownership of their territory.</i>

 

257

00:28:35,962 --> 00:28:42,446

<i>Then the rain eroded the earth

and the land's fertility decreased.</i>

 

258

00:28:43,356 --> 00:28:49,188

<i>After some time, the nomads left

the lands and sowed in other pastures,</i>

 

259

00:28:49,290 --> 00:28:52,873

<i>and it was the beginning of

the destruction of the pastures.</i>

 

260

00:29:16,556 --> 00:29:23,388

<i>After the breakout of Iran Iraq war in September 1980

and the Iraqi forces' attack on the cities in Khuzestan,</i>

 

261

00:29:23,712 --> 00:29:28,345

<i>and the destruction of population

centres, oil facilities, and factories,</i>

 

262

00:29:28,458 --> 00:29:33,350

<i>many people in Khuzestan Province

immigrated to other provinces.</i>

 

263

00:29:33,461 --> 00:29:40,678

<i>The nomads who worked in Khuzestan or the

families that had quit migrating many years ago...</i>

 

264

00:29:40,824 --> 00:29:46,047

<i>...and lived in the cities of Khuzestan

returned to the territory of their family.</i>

 

265

00:29:46,394 --> 00:29:52,598

<i>Therefore, all throughout the war, the population

of migrating nomads increased a little.</i>

 

266

00:30:14,266 --> 00:30:18,727

<i>After the end of Iran Iraq war

and return of peace to the cities,</i>

 

267

00:30:18,875 --> 00:30:25,769

<i>many nomads went to the cities in Khuzestan

or neighbouring provinces to find a job.</i>

 

268

00:30:26,889 --> 00:30:33,322

<i>After some time, the family members joined

them and they settled down in cities forever.</i>

 

269

00:30:37,217 --> 00:30:43,172

<i>63 years after the production of

GRASS, I went to Khuzestan in April 1986...</i>

 

270

00:30:43,310 --> 00:30:48,936

<i>...to accompany Bakhtiyari

nomads in their vernal migration.</i>

 

271

00:30:49,134 --> 00:30:55,906

<i>A friend in Masjed Suleiman introduced me to the

family of Amorid Hatami from Baba Ahmadi family.</i>

 

272

00:30:57,155 --> 00:31:02,857

<i>The winter quarter of the family was located

70 km to the north of Masjed Suleiman...</i>

 

273

00:31:03,031 --> 00:31:08,830

<i>...in Andika region in

Dez Asad Khan Bivouac.</i>

 

274

00:31:09,937 --> 00:31:15,435

<i>After a few days' stay in the camp,

we left the winter quarter in April 1986...</i>

 

275

00:31:15,583 --> 00:31:23,985

<i>...with the 13 strong family of Amorid

Hatami and some close relatives...</i>

 

276

00:31:24,139 --> 00:31:27,006

<i>...by forming a small

group called Maal.</i>

 

277

00:31:28,463 --> 00:31:34,864

<i>After travelling for about 280 km in 26 days,

Amorid's family reached their summer quarter...</i>

 

278

00:31:34,990 --> 00:31:42,649

<i>...on the southern slope of Mt Zard

Kuh and camped in Darreh Shoor.</i>

 

279

00:31:49,336 --> 00:31:56,036

<i>In September 1986 after return of Amorid's

family from the summer quarter to Khuzestan,</i>

 

280

00:31:56,235 --> 00:31:59,748

<i>we recorded their settlement

in the winter quarter.</i>

 

281

00:32:16,346 --> 00:32:20,453

<i>In February the next year, we went to

the summer quarter of the family again...</i>

 

282

00:32:20,603 --> 00:32:24,210

<i>...and recorded

another part of their life.</i>

 

283

00:32:49,468 --> 00:32:57,686

<i>We went to the summer quarter of Amorid

family for the 3rd time in April 1987,</i>

 

284

00:32:57,807 --> 00:33:00,895

<i>and accompanied them

in their vernal migration.</i>

 

285

00:33:00,995 --> 00:33:05,420

<i>The result of those journeys with

Amorid family is the film TARAZ.</i>

 

286

00:34:15,282 --> 00:34:19,975

<i>Cooper and his team migrated with

Bakhtiyari nomads with a population of...</i>

 

287

00:34:20,087 --> 00:34:24,258

<i>...about 50 000 from different

families and 500 000 animals,</i>

 

288

00:34:24,348 --> 00:34:30,635

<i>together with sheriffs and

headmen, and made the film GRASS.</i>

 

289

00:34:32,864 --> 00:34:38,428

<i>63 years after the making of GRASS,

we migrated with the descendants of...</i>

 

290

00:34:38,574 --> 00:34:42,850

<i>...the same nomads on the same route Cooper

and his team migrated with a few families...</i>

 

291

00:34:42,980 --> 00:34:48,227

<i>...together with the highest rank of the tribe

which used to be the lowest rank before...</i>

 

292

00:34:48,406 --> 00:34:50,753

<i>...and is called elders

or The White Beard.</i>

 

293

00:34:51,593 --> 00:34:55,738

<i>But travelling the long way between

the summer and winter quarters,</i>

 

294

00:34:55,846 --> 00:35:01,401

<i>tiredness of constant hard work on the route,

crossing numerous rivers and impassable tracks,</i>

 

295

00:35:01,691 --> 00:35:05,282

<i>together with the young generation's

tendency to work in the cities,</i>

 

296

00:35:05,423 --> 00:35:11,789

<i>have caused them to quit migratory life

little by little and migrate to the cities.</i>

 

297

00:35:13,178 --> 00:35:16,609

<i>Since the making of GRASS

to the making of TARAZ,</i>

 

298

00:35:16,738 --> 00:35:20,282

<i>nomad societies have

undergone numerous changes...</i>

 

299

00:35:20,436 --> 00:35:23,494

<i>...both qualitatively

and quantitatively.</i>

 

300

00:35:24,347 --> 00:35:29,271

<i>This ancient lifestyle has altered drastically

with quantity changes in the population of...</i>

 

301

00:35:29,454 --> 00:35:35,741

<i>...the migrating people and quality changes

in the political and economic structures.</i>

 

302

00:39:25,609 --> 00:39:30,807

<i>Three years after the making TARAZ,

Amorid's family, except one of his sons...</i>

 

303

00:39:31,135 --> 00:39:37,223

<i>...who looked after their herd in the winter

quarter, immigrated to Masjed Suleiman.</i>

 

304

00:39:37,520 --> 00:39:42,656

<i>I went to Masjed Suleiman in

1994 to visit Amorid and his family.</i>

 

305

00:39:42,795 --> 00:39:46,085

<i>They lived in a house

in the suburb of the town.</i>

 

306

00:39:46,678 --> 00:39:52,235

<i>The family's sons who were shepherds in the

nomadic life were each a worker somewhere...</i>

 

307

00:39:52,395 --> 00:39:58,589

<i>...and the children who were mostly 4 or 5

or in the cradle in TARAZ had grown up...</i>

 

308

00:39:58,807 --> 00:40:01,534

<i>...and some of

them went to school.</i>

 

309

00:40:01,937 --> 00:40:07,650

<i>Zahra, Ebrahim's daughter who was 5 at

that time, is in the intermediary school.</i>

 

310

00:40:09,235 --> 00:40:12,737

<i>Some time later, the only son of the family

who had stayed in the winter quarter...</i>

 

311

00:40:12,869 --> 00:40:15,854

<i>...joined his family

in Masjed Suleiman.</i>

 

312

00:40:16,285 --> 00:40:21,730

<i>Unfortunately, a few reels of the sound

of interviews with Amorid family were lost.</i>

 

313

00:40:46,513 --> 00:40:48,208

<i>After making TARAZ,</i>

 

314

00:40:48,488 --> 00:40:53,108

<i>I was in contact with the two families

I had accompanied on two migrations.</i>

 

315

00:40:53,264 --> 00:40:59,967

<i>One day Shah Reza Hatami and I

were leafing through Cooper's book.</i>

 

316

00:41:00,099 --> 00:41:04,848

<i>When he saw the photo of Lotfi, Heidar Khan's

son, he said, "Lotfi Khan is my relative."</i>

 

317

00:41:05,013 --> 00:41:08,954

- Where was he now?

- He lives in Ahvaz now.

 

318

00:41:09,272 --> 00:41:14,089

- You know him?

- Yes, he is my cousin.

 

319

00:41:15,486 --> 00:41:20,085

<i>Some time later, he helped me to meet Lotfi,

the nine-year-old son of Heidar Khan...</i>

 

320

00:41:20,289 --> 00:41:24,799

<i>...in Koorosh Neighbourhood of

Ahvaz when he was 80 years old.</i>

 

321

00:41:31,176 --> 00:41:35,159

Thank you very

much. I know the way.

 

322

00:41:36,179 --> 00:41:38,039

Thank you.

 

323

00:41:39,878 --> 00:41:41,434

Goodbye. Please, go in.

 

324

00:41:41,777 --> 00:41:43,369

Goodbye, gentlemen.

 

325

00:41:59,559 --> 00:42:04,875

<i>During war, a tarmac road

connected Khuzestan to Esfahan.</i>

 

326

00:42:05,748 --> 00:42:11,717

<i>The road was constructed on the nomads' route

that Cooper's team and us used to migrate...</i>

 

327

00:42:11,870 --> 00:42:15,647

<i>...with Baba Ahmadi from the north

of Masjed Suleiman to Mt Zard Kuh.</i>

 

328

00:42:16,042 --> 00:42:20,744

<i>In the past, nomad families travelled the

distance between summer and winter territories...</i>

 

329

00:42:20,969 --> 00:42:27,099

<i>...on the nomad routes on foot or on

mules and donkeys over a one-month period.</i>

 

330

00:42:28,137 --> 00:42:32,915

<i>After the route was tarmacked,

the nomads take their families...</i>

 

331

00:42:33,078 --> 00:42:37,715

<i>...and sometimes their animals by lorries

or pickup trucks in less than one day.</i>

 

332

00:42:38,507 --> 00:42:43,659

<i>Migration by car enabled men and

women to need less time for migration,</i>

 

333

00:42:43,850 --> 00:42:46,839

<i>and work for a

longer time in towns.</i>

 

334

00:42:47,092 --> 00:42:53,243

<i>Travelling of cars in the migration route and

sowing of pastures on both sides of the road,</i>

 

335

00:42:53,516 --> 00:42:57,640

<i>the travelling of migrating families

doubled the income of the families...</i>

 

336

00:42:57,841 --> 00:43:01,039

<i>...who could not

afford to migrate by car.</i>

 

337

00:43:32,889 --> 00:43:35,091

<i>The economic

prosperity in towns,</i>

 

338

00:43:35,240 --> 00:43:40,087

<i>subsidies provided by the state

and foundations for the needy families,</i>

 

339

00:43:40,277 --> 00:43:47,449

<i>supporting migrating families whose children

had been martyred at war by Martyrs Foundation,</i>

 

340

00:43:47,664 --> 00:43:51,342

<i>and the expansion of educational

centres all over the region,</i>

 

341

00:43:51,534 --> 00:43:55,540

<i>increased the number of nomads' population

centres on the migration route...</i>

 

342

00:43:55,736 --> 00:43:59,243

<i>...and decreased the number

of migrating population.</i>

 

343

00:44:46,190 --> 00:44:53,441

<i>The census in the past two decades show the

immigration to the town has increased...</i>

 

344

00:44:53,558 --> 00:44:57,219

<i>...and caused many changes

in the town's structure.</i>

 

345

00:44:58,439 --> 00:45:03,086

<i>Most of the immigrants are Bakhtiyari

nomads who have preferred living...</i>

 

346

00:45:03,290 --> 00:45:09,516

<i>...in the marginal neighbourhoods of Masjid

Suleiman to a migratory life and animal husbandry.</i>

 

347

00:45:27,337 --> 00:45:32,519

<i>Population of the thirteen-member

family of Amorid Hatami has increased...</i>

 

348

00:45:32,763 --> 00:45:36,928

<i>...after leaving the migratory life

and settling down in Masjid Suleiman,</i>

 

349

00:45:37,128 --> 00:45:40,662

<i>and after the growth and

marriage of their children.</i>

 

350

00:45:41,612 --> 00:45:50,038

<i>Now Amorid Hatami lives with some of his children

in a neighbourhood in the suburb of Masjid Suleiman.</i>

 

351

00:45:52,603 --> 00:45:59,264

<i>His other children live in

Esfahan, Zahedan, and Tehran.</i>

 

352

00:46:45,819 --> 00:46:50,998

I have changed a lot, but I

remember some things too.

 

353

00:46:51,159 --> 00:46:57,082

When you played snowball with us

in Taraz or when I fell off the mare,

 

354

00:46:57,262 --> 00:47:02,408

you played with me, distracted

me, hung a swing from an oak tree.

 

355

00:47:02,716 --> 00:47:05,685

You pushed me and said

you wanted me to forget the fall.

 

356

00:47:05,873 --> 00:47:10,889

I was afraid and shouted and

you said, "Don't fear. You won't fall."

 

357

00:47:11,037 --> 00:47:14,246

You played with

us a lot on the way.

 

358

00:47:21,840 --> 00:47:27,536

May my grandmother rest in peace! I

was always with her when she was alive.

 

359

00:47:27,701 --> 00:47:44,292

There was a scene in the film when I was

teasing her and she complained to my father.

 

360

00:47:44,588 --> 00:47:50,258

Or when a baby girl was born

at night and died in the morning.

 

361

00:47:50,436 --> 00:47:56,954

I was standing over her

grave and you filmed me.

 

362

00:47:57,054 --> 00:48:00,880

- There wasn't any child there.

- No, only me.

 

363

00:48:01,540 --> 00:48:07,233

I'd gone with my grandmother.

 

364

00:48:11,830 --> 00:48:16,480

When they placed the gravestone,

you looked strangely at the camera.

 

365

00:48:16,741 --> 00:48:18,476

Right.

 

366

00:48:18,954 --> 00:48:24,017

I didn't know what you were

doing. Filming or taking photos.

 

367

00:48:26,607 --> 00:48:32,413

True we had much hardship,

but it was really beautiful.

 

368

00:48:32,568 --> 00:48:35,501

When I see the photos now, I

remember our life was very beautiful.

 

369

00:48:35,684 --> 00:48:38,721

People were much closer then.

 

370

00:48:38,890 --> 00:48:40,582

Nowadays even brothers

don't call on each other,

 

371

00:48:40,848 --> 00:48:45,430

but back then, cousins and the

whole family were in one place.

 

372

00:49:01,204 --> 00:49:05,728

Lotfi's mother was

my father's cousin.

 

373

00:49:07,619 --> 00:49:10,549

His mother is our relative.

 

374

00:49:13,191 --> 00:49:16,008

She is our niece.

 

375

00:49:16,252 --> 00:49:19,762

For example, your daughter

has married someone.

 

376

00:49:20,201 --> 00:49:25,952

When her daughter comes to

your house, they call her niece.

 

377

00:49:26,130 --> 00:49:29,733

- You don't remember Heidar Khan?

- I didn't see Heidar.

 

378

00:49:31,035 --> 00:49:36,259

- You didn't see his brothers either?

- I saw Eskandar, Hajji Asadollah.

 

379

00:49:36,813 --> 00:49:39,405

Many of them.

 

380

00:49:39,586 --> 00:49:42,181

They were like our

brothers. We were relatives.

 

381

00:49:43,279 --> 00:49:48,060

Do you remember the year when

Reza Shah banned migration?

 

382

00:49:48,281 --> 00:49:49,520

Yes.

 

383

00:49:49,796 --> 00:49:56,243

When Reza Shah banned nomads' migration,

he said the trousers must be tightened.

 

384

00:49:56,429 --> 00:50:02,108

We weren't allowed to wear loose

trousers. If we did, we'd be fined.

 

385

00:50:02,235 --> 00:50:10,392

They ripped the hats.

I remember all that.

 

386

00:50:10,659 --> 00:50:15,277

- You migrated those years?

- Yes, we did.

 

387

00:50:27,782 --> 00:50:37,333

After the shooting, half of

us came to the town in 1990.

 

388

00:50:37,477 --> 00:50:43,728

My brother Majid and

I got a house in town.

 

389

00:50:44,239 --> 00:50:48,993

The youngest brother

was with us too.

 

390

00:50:49,590 --> 00:51:03,852

The other three brothers came

after a few years of migrating.

 

391

00:51:05,461 --> 00:51:14,842

They were nomads till 1992,

then they came to the town.

 

392

00:51:15,132 --> 00:51:21,512

We grew up in the open air.

 

393

00:51:21,629 --> 00:51:26,045

When I was a nomad and

felt down, I'd go up a hill,

 

394

00:51:26,445 --> 00:51:32,180

watched the nature around,

felt better and returned.

 

395

00:51:32,290 --> 00:51:38,988

Now we are hopeless in a room.

It's hard for the ones our age.

 

396

00:51:39,706 --> 00:51:41,576

I used to work in a company.

 

397

00:51:41,894 --> 00:51:44,101

When we settled in the town,

 

398

00:51:44,306 --> 00:51:49,172

I worked as a contractor for some

time until there were still projects.

 

399

00:51:50,695 --> 00:52:00,944

I'm jobless now.

We can't work now.

 

400

00:52:01,439 --> 00:52:07,436

There is no money, no

cash. I don't have a big capital.

 

401

00:52:07,630 --> 00:52:15,720

Any firm I go to, they ask if I

can pay my workers for a year.

 

402

00:52:29,576 --> 00:52:34,715

You didn't tell me what it is

about or what we're going to do.

 

403

00:52:35,808 --> 00:52:44,096

The way we lived our normal

life we talked to you normally.

 

404

00:52:44,684 --> 00:52:46,588

We looked after the sheep.

 

405

00:52:46,802 --> 00:52:53,586

We were careful they wouldn't

be stolen or devoured by wolves.

 

406

00:52:54,406 --> 00:53:03,324

When the brothers grew up, they

wouldn't look after the sheep any more.

 

407

00:53:03,996 --> 00:53:07,030

They began working in projects.

 

408

00:53:07,333 --> 00:53:10,850

So we had no choice. We

couldn't keep the sheep.

 

409

00:53:12,907 --> 00:53:21,827

So, most of the people went

to the towns and settled there.

 

410

00:53:22,398 --> 00:53:25,959

It became a competition.

 

411

00:53:27,028 --> 00:53:31,337

They said nomad life wasn't good

and living in the town was good.

 

412

00:53:31,568 --> 00:53:38,409

They live in towns, their children go to school

and became successful, why should we stay?

 

413

00:53:39,186 --> 00:53:45,444

I've bought a lorry

now and work on it.

 

414

00:53:45,830 --> 00:53:51,279

One of my children had an

accident and damaged his spinal cord.

 

415

00:53:51,472 --> 00:53:58,181

My older daughter has married and my

son works here in Esfahan Petrochemistry.

 

416

00:53:59,171 --> 00:54:02,732

The youngest is studying and

my other daughter is at home.

 

417

00:54:03,075 --> 00:54:09,609

Whatever you do,

you will lack something.

 

418

00:54:09,770 --> 00:54:14,622

You owe the water or electricity

bill, or the loan instalment.

 

419

00:54:14,845 --> 00:54:17,233

The problems have increased.

 

420

00:54:20,638 --> 00:54:26,886

I finished service in

1988, married in 1989,

 

421

00:54:28,195 --> 00:54:32,833

went to Chahar Mahal in 1990,

 

422

00:54:32,961 --> 00:54:39,605

and settled in town in 1992

and didn't migrate any more.

 

423

00:54:41,435 --> 00:54:45,635

I began working in town.

 

424

00:54:46,309 --> 00:54:52,955

I got discitis in 1998 and

was confined at home.

 

425

00:54:53,452 --> 00:55:01,353

I have a stand now.

Nomad life was better for us.

 

426

00:55:01,526 --> 00:55:07,137

We came to the town mostly

for the children's studies,

 

427

00:55:07,704 --> 00:55:10,272

but nomadic life was

much better for us.

 

428

00:55:10,456 --> 00:55:16,015

You saw how many sheep we

had, what a happy life we had.

 

429

00:55:17,841 --> 00:55:21,812

We suffer here throughout

the year to earn a living.

 

430

00:55:22,843 --> 00:55:25,030

Nomadic life was better.

 

431

00:55:26,309 --> 00:55:28,440

Much better!

 

432

00:55:36,843 --> 00:55:44,891

I went to the military

service for two years.

 

433

00:55:45,726 --> 00:55:48,595

After that I began working.

 

434

00:55:49,654 --> 00:55:55,580

I was in Assaluyeh for 5 or 6

years, 2 years in Mahshahr Refinery,

 

435

00:55:56,557 --> 00:55:59,716

a few months in Bandar Abbas,

 

436

00:56:01,083 --> 00:56:04,170

then I came to Esfahan,

 

437

00:56:05,608 --> 00:56:12,057

got engaged and married in 1997.

 

438

00:56:12,840 --> 00:56:17,717

I come to the orchard,

water the trees during the day,

 

439

00:56:18,622 --> 00:56:22,629

and stay for the

night as a guard.

 

440

00:56:23,426 --> 00:56:29,899

We used to live comfortably

back then. We were relaxed.

 

441

00:56:30,021 --> 00:56:37,290

There are more opportunities

now but fewer jobs.

 

442

00:56:37,856 --> 00:56:39,618

You have a job here.

 

443

00:56:39,849 --> 00:56:45,103

Yes, but we didn't have

problems back then.

 

444

00:56:45,383 --> 00:56:48,372

We'd sell a few lambs

and lived comfortably.

 

445

00:56:48,479 --> 00:56:50,326

But now--

 

446

00:57:00,544 --> 00:57:05,840

We came to the town in 1990.

 

447

00:57:06,059 --> 00:57:10,356

I worked in a

bakery for some time.

 

448

00:57:10,609 --> 00:57:13,681

Our house was

beside the railway.

 

449

00:57:13,849 --> 00:57:18,718

Then I grew up and

looked for bigger jobs.

 

450

00:57:18,903 --> 00:57:22,363

I did military service

and after that,

 

451

00:57:22,694 --> 00:57:31,381

I went to Petrochemistry where

my older brother Ebrahim worked.

 

452

00:57:32,435 --> 00:57:39,470

I worked there and

made ends meet.

 

453

00:57:39,638 --> 00:57:44,916

Until I had an

accident near Zahedan.

 

454

00:57:45,118 --> 00:57:50,013

Our car capsized,

my son Kasra died,

 

455

00:57:50,990 --> 00:57:59,866

my daughter Kiyana was

injured, I was injured badly.

 

456

00:58:30,951 --> 00:58:33,607

Hello. How are you?

 

457

00:58:34,548 --> 00:58:35,994

Did you recognise me?

 

458

00:58:36,569 --> 00:58:38,711

When the whole

family went to the town,

 

459

00:58:38,974 --> 00:58:42,264

I stayed in the summer

quarter in Eshkaft.

 

460

00:58:42,476 --> 00:58:44,631

I lived in Eshkaft

for some years.

 

461

00:58:44,926 --> 00:58:47,495

Then I had to come to the family in

Masjid Suleiman because of a row.

 

462

00:58:47,807 --> 00:58:54,963

I did different works in town.

 

463

00:58:56,458 --> 00:59:01,321

Now I've come to a place near Lali and

look after other people's goats and sheep.

 

464

00:59:20,100 --> 00:59:24,596

<i>None of Amorid's sons could

become the elder of a Maal.</i>

 

465

00:59:24,769 --> 00:59:29,435

<i>Alborz, the goatherd, was the

last member of Amorid's family...</i>

 

466

00:59:29,562 --> 00:59:34,111

<i>...who left his ancestral camp

and joined his family in the town.</i>

 

467

00:59:34,835 --> 00:59:40,644

<i>He didn't like living or working in the town

and became a shepherd again after some time.</i>

 

468

00:59:40,764 --> 00:59:44,196

<i>But not as the family's

shepherd this time.</i>

 

469

00:59:44,333 --> 00:59:48,761

<i>He was paid by the animal

farmers who had settled in town.</i>

 

470

00:59:57,130 --> 00:59:59,581

Researcher and

Director Farhad Varahram

 

471

00:59:59,940 --> 01:00:02,079

Camera Operator

Mohammad Reza Teimoori

 

472

01:00:02,494 --> 01:00:04,459

Editing Babak Bahrambeigi

 

473

01:00:04,920 --> 01:00:06,919

Sound Recordist

Mehrdad Abbaspoor

 

474

01:00:07,360 --> 01:00:13,668

Narrators Shahram Derakhshan Orod Attarpoor

Sina Bigdeli Sara Afshari Farrokh Seyyedi

 

475

01:00:14,117 --> 01:00:16,615

Music Selection Shahab Belooki

 

476

01:00:17,010 --> 01:00:19,712

Sound Mixing Shahin Poordadashi

 

477

01:00:20,070 --> 01:00:22,265

Colourist Reza Teimoori

 

478

01:00:26,075 --> 01:00:28,435

Production Manager Naser Arabali

 

479

01:01:24,380 --> 01:01:28,658

Producer Farhad Varahram

 

480

01:01:28,871 --> 01:01:33,362

A Chahar Mahal Va Bakhtiyari Office

Jahanbin Network Production 2018

 

481

01:01:33,522 --> 01:01:35,588

English Translator

Hassan Sharafoddin